Background: Malaria parasitaemia is an important predictor of bacteremia, concomitant invasive bacterial infections and malaria parasitaemia are strongly associated with death. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 500 patients (281 males and 219 females) with fevers of unknown origin. The blood samples were processed to diagnose malaria and bacterial septicaemia using standard microbiological techniques. Results: The prevalence of concomitant bacterial septicaemia and malaria parasitaemia was 7.8%. The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia alone (26.2%) was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than that of bacterial septicaemia (13%). Patients 61 years old and older had higher prevalences of malaria parasitaemia, bacterial septicaemia, and concomitant infections. The most prevalent organism causing bacterial septicaemia were of the Klebsiella species, while ceftriaxone and ceftazidime were the most effective antibacterial agents. Conclusion: Overall prevalence of malaria parasitaemia, septicaemia and concomitant malaria parasitaemia, and bacterial septicaemia were 26.2%, 13%, and 7.8%, respectively. Bacteria from the Klebsiella species were the most common bacteria causing septicaemia. Although ceftriaxone and ceftazidime are the recommended treatments, there is need for urgent treatment of concomitant infections due to their poor prognosis.

Aim: Sexually transmissible diseases such as Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes or induces incurable often fatal infections have been transmitted through Assisted Reproduction Technology (ART). This study is to determine the seroprevalence of HBV among infertile women recruited for intrauterine insemination (I.U.I). Methodology and Results: A 5mL of blood was collected and serum aspirated. The detection of HBV was carried out using global one-step rapid test kit relative sensitivity of 99% and specific of 97%. Age range of infertile women was 20 – 49 years. Approximately 30 (5.9%) out of the 512 recruited women were seropositive for HBV with increase in prevalence rate among age group of (25 – 29 years) and (30 – 34 years). The rate of infection of HBV was found to be insignificant in this study using chi-square statistical analysis (p > 0.0001). Conclusion, Significance and Impact of Study: Though the rate of the virus infection were statistically insignificant but the screening should be a continuous exercise and be carried out by all fertility center.

Aims: Aberrant gut microbiota has been linked to frequent exposure to enteric pathogens, a condition capable of causing various adverse effects on human health. In this study, we looked into how the typhoid fever condition might affect the lactobacillus population in the human gut. Methodology and results: A total of 424 faecal samples were collected from consented participants, who included 191 patients and 233 apparently healthy individuals. Lactobacilli and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhi (S. Typhi) was isolated from samples cultured on de Man Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS) and xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (XLD), respectively. The overall prevalence of S. Typhi was 104(24.5%), of which 83(43.5%) were patients and 21(9.0%) were healthy controls. Lactobacillus spp. load in patients was significantly lower among the febrile, S. Typhi-positive patients with an average population of 5.5 ± 0.96 log10 cfu/g compared with the febrile, but S. Typhi-negative patients with 6.41 ± log10 cfu/g and the apparently healthy respondents with 7.34 ± 1.1 log10 cfu/g. All the randomly selected S. Typhi strains obtained from both groups of respondents were sensitive to tetracycline and trimethoprim but resistant to chloramphenicol. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (18.2%) and ofloxacin (9.1%) was observed among the strains isolated from the febrile typhoid patients. Conclusion, significance and impact of study This study has demonstrated an association between the population of Lactobacillus spp. and the presence of S. Typhi in the human gut. In order to ensure the recovery of beneficial bacteria during and after the treatment of infections, it is crucial to promote critical research into new treatment methods