PURPOSE: Cervical cancer is a major women's health problem in the world today. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and mortality rates and to investigate risk factors for cervical cancer in Korean women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reproductive factors, cigarette smoking, as well as the risk of incidence and death from cervical cancer were examined in a 12-year prospective cohort study of 475,398 Korean women aged 30 to 95 years who received health insurance from the National Health Insurance Corporation and who had a medical evaluation in 1992. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model after adjusting for age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, menarche, parity, and Papanicolaou test status. RESULTS: This study showed that the RR of death due to cervical cancer among current smokers was two times higher compared with non- smokers (RR=2.00; 95% CI, 1.23-2.91). In addition, the RR of death due to cervical cancer among all women who smoked > 10 cigarettes/day was 2.4 times higher than the RR among women that had never smoked. More interestingly, those who had never been screened by Papanicolaou smears had twice the risk of death due to cervical cancer (RR =2.00; 95% CI, 1.37-1.81). CONCLUSION: Our prospective study concluded that current smokers had an increased risk of death due to cervical cancer. We suggest that the target age group for cervical cancer screening tests be reconsidered and should begin as early as possible.

Objectives: This study aims to survey the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension (HTN) among nurses. Methods: Data was collected from 528 nurses of 23 hospitals in Ulaanbaatar (UB) and local hospitals in other regions. We randomly selected day-shift only nurses (264) and shift nurses (264), collected blood samples, administered a health survey questionnaire, and processed data with SPSS 19.0 statistic software. Results: Overall, 8% of participants who work for shift and 7.2% of day working nurses are smokers (p<0.0001). 3.2% of shift working nurses and 3.8% day working nurses use overuse alcohol (p<0.0001). The day working nurses and the shift working nurses and compared their BMI to measured normal (42.1% and 36.4%) overweight (39.7% and 43.9%), obesity (18.2% and 19.7%) (p<0.02), central obesity normal (39.4% and 34.5%), and central obesity≥ 80 (60.6% and 65.5%), body fat percentages are normal (29.2% and 16.1%) and increase (70.8% and 73.9%), visceral obesity are normal (65.9% and 63.3%) and increase (34.1% and 36.7%). Nurses (day-work and shift-work) who have arterial HTN are detected by normal (72.3% and 59.1%), prodromal period (14.4% and 16.7%), 1st stage (12.1% and 19.7%), 2nd stage (1.2% and 4.5%) (p<0.002). Working time of nurses detected that shift working nurses’ arterial hypertension amount is higher than day time working nurses. Conclusion: 24.2% of shift working nurses have HTN is showed that higher than day time working nurses. Hypertension is directly related to overweight, obesity, visceral obesity and high blood glucose level. (p<0.0001).