Fetal Pleural Effusion is a rare case whose management is still a matter of debate. Its course may spontaneously resolve or lead to pulmonary hypoplasia and result in death in utero or poor neonatal outcome. This paper is a report of 2 cases and their course, from prenatal diagnosis of Pleural Effusion to delivery. This report includes sonographic scans, description of the laboratory work – up and other imaging tests that were done. The 1st case report was successfully managed with Thoraco-amniotic shunting, while the 2nd case was seen late and had an adverse neonatal outcome. This case report was done to increase awareness among obstetricians and sonologists in offering counsel to patients and their families, especially in our low resource set-up, where in in utero interventions are not available.
Humans ; Pregnancy ; Obstetricians ; Pleural Effusion

Background: Postpartum Depression (PPD) and psychosis (PPP) are diseases that have detrimental impact to the patient and their family. Prenatal and postpartum screening are important to decrease its morbidity, hence obstetricians and gynaecologists’ (OBGYN) role in the diagnosis is vital. However, studies showed that the screening rate of PPD and PPP are low, which may be caused by several barriers. Objective: This study aims to describe the knowledge, attitude and practices of the OBGYN’s practicing in a local tertiary hospital using a survey created by Leddy et al. in 2011. Methodology: This survey is a 5-section questionnaire that tackled the clinical practice, knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of the subjects. It was given to 160 consultants with a response rate of 40% (n=64) during the time period of May 17, 2018 to June 27, 2018. Results: The results showed that most OBGYN do not routinely screen for PPD and PPP (54.69%), which is analogous to literature but contrary to the original study. Most OBGYN agree that all the specified barriers to screening were limiting, the most cited among of which were their limited knowledge in the diagnostic criteria (PPD: 79.69%, PPP: 79.56%) and treatment options (PPD: 76.56%; PPP: 78.13%) and their lack in training in postpartum mental illnesses (PPD: 78.13%; PPP: 84.38%). These barriers were paralleled by the low scores in the knowledge section, despite the higher accuracy in diagnosing patients in the clinical cases. However, there was a low frequency screening rate among OBGYN’s with recent and personal experience with the disease. Conclusion This gap in knowledge can be addressed by organizing events for continuing medical education, focusing on peripartum mental health illnesses, creating avenues for research to increase knowledge among residents-in-training and fellows of the local organizing body, and establishing clear guidelines to incorporate screening in local practice during prenatal and postpartum care.
Depression ; Obstetricians ; Postpartum Period ; Psychotic Disorders

Birth defects are an important factor for the quality of newborn population. With the development of molecular genetic technology, an increasing number of genetic disorders leading to birth defects can now be detected. The lack of the knowledge for the basics and clinical applications of molecular genetic techniques have emerged as a shortcoming for primary care physicians who have formed the first tier prevention for birth defects. Currently, government has paid more attention to the above problems and formulated more training programs for primary obstetricians and gynecologists, e.g., "Prenatal Screening and Prenatal Diagnosis Post Training Program", "National Birth Defects Training Program", "National Primary Obstetrician Training Program". To some extent, such programs have met the urgent need for birth defect prevention in primary hospitals. But at the same time, some problems have also emerged. For instance, the knowledge for birth defects among primary obstetricians and gynecologists is poor, and there is lack of young personnel. This article has aimed to discuss the strategies to systematically improve the ability for preventing birth defects among primary care physicians by analyzing the obstacles and challenges for primary obstetricians and gynecologists in the era of molecular genetic testing.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Gynecology ; Obstetrics ; Gynecologists ; Obstetricians ; Molecular Biology