No abstract available.
Ganglion Cysts ; Organic Chemicals

Bio-based materials are new materials or chemicals with renewable biomass as raw materials such as grain, legume, straw, bamboo and wood powder. This class of materials includes bio-based polymer, biobased fiber, glycotechnology products, biobased rubber and plastics produced by biomass thermoplastic processing and basic biobased chemicals, for instance, bio-alcohols, organic acids, alkanes, and alkenes, obtained by bio-synthesis, bio-processing and bio-refinery. Owing to its environmental friendly and resource conservation, bio-based materials are becoming a new dominant industry taking the lead in the world scientific and technological innovation and economic development. An overview of bio-based materials development is reported in this special issue, and the industrial status and research progress of the following aspects, including biobased fiber, polyhydroxyalkanoates, biodegradable mulching film, bio-based polyamide, protein based biomedical materials, bio-based polyurethane, and modification and processing of poly(lactic acid), are introduced.
Biomass ; Biotechnology ; Organic Chemicals ; Plastics ; Polymers ; Rubber

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents from Hedyotis diffusa.

METHODThe compounds were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques and identified by their physicochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTEight compounds had been reported in last paper, and this time eight more compounds were isolated and identified as 6-hydroxystigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one (1), 3-hydroxystigmasta-4,22-dien-7-one (2), 2-hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (3), 2,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-4-methoxyanthraquinone (4), iso-scutellarein (5), isoetin (6), aesculetin (7), gypsogenic acid (8).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-3, 5-8 were obtained from the genus Hedyotis for the first time.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Usnea longissima.

METHODThe compounds were isolated and purified by the methods of solvent extraction and chromatographic technique, and their structures were identified on the basis of the analysis of spectral data or comparison with those of authentic sample.

RESULTThirteen compounds were obtained and identified as ethyl hematommate (1), friedelin (2), beta-amyrin (3), beta-sitosterol (4), methyl-2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (5), barbatinic acid (6), zeorin (7), ethyl orsellinate (8), 3beta-hydroxy-glutin-5-ene (9), oleanolic acid (10), (+)-usnic acid (11), methylorsellinate (12), and 4-methyl-2,6-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde (13).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 2, 3, 5, and 8-10 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compounds 1,4 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Ten compounds were isolated from cultures of the fungus Armillaria mellea by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis and compared their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoic acid (1), orsellinic acid (2), melleolide (3), ergosterol (4), genistein (5), daidzein (6), daucosterol (7), genistin (8), uracil (9) and D-mannitol (10). Compounds 1-10 were isolated from cultures of A. mellea for the first time. Among them, 14, 6 and 10 had been obtained from mycelia or rhizomorphs of A. mellea. The structure of compound 3 was determined by detailed analysis of its 1D and 2D NMR data in the solvent of DMSO for the first time.
Armillaria ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; isolation & purification

Thirteen compounds were isolated from the leaves of Rhododendron rubiginosum var. rubiginosum by various chromatographic techniques. On the basis of spectroscopic data, their structures were elucidated as 3,9-dihydroxy-megastigma-5-ene (1), 3 beta-hydroxy-5alpha ,6 alpha-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (2), loliolide (3), ursolic acid(4), 2 alpha, 3 beta-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (5), 2 alpha, 3 beta,23-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (6), 7,9-dimethoxyrhododendrol (7), 7-methoxyrhododendrol (8), zingerone (9), isofraxidin (10), scopoletin (11), (+)-pinoresinol (12) and 3'-O-demethylepipinorisenol (13). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 1-3, 7-9, and 11-13 were isolated from the genus Rhododendron for the first time.
Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Rhododendron ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Sorbus tianschanica.

METHODThe compounds were isolated and purified by recrystallization and chromatography with silica gel and resin. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated from the EtOH extraction and six structures were identified as benzoic acid (1), benzyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), ursolic acid (3), 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid (4), hyperoside (5), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (6).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-5 were isolated from S. tianschanica for the first time.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; classification ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; classification ; Workplace

The chemical investigation on Ganoderma philippii led to the isolation of sixteen compounds by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. On the basis of spectroscopic data analyses, their structures were elucidated as 2, 5-dihydroxyacetophenone (1), methyl gentisate (2), (S) -dimethyl malate (3), muurola-4, 10 (14) -dien-11beta-ol (4), dihydroepicubenol (5), 5-hydroxymethylfuran carboxaldehyde (6), ergosta-7, 22E-dien-3beta-ol (7), ergosta-7, 22E-dien-3-one (8), ergosta-7, 22E-diene-2beta, 3alpha, 9alpha-triol (9), 6/beta-methoxyergo-sta-7, 22E-dien-3beta, 5alpha-diol (10), ergosta-4, 6, 8(14), 22E-tetraen-3-one (11), ergosta4, 6, 8-(14), 22E-etetraen-3beta-ol (12), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-ergosta-6, 22E-dien-3beta-ol (13), 7alpha-methoxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxyergosta-8-(14), 22E-dien-3beta-ol (14), ergosta-8, 22E-diene-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta, 7alpha-tetraol (15), and ergosta-5, 23-dien-3beta-ol, acetate (16). All the compounds were obtained from this fungus for the first time, and compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from the Ganoderma genus for the first time.
Ganoderma ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; isolation & purification

The chemical constituents of Poria cocos were studied by means of silica gel, ODS column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Thirteen compounds were isolated from this plant. By analysis of the ESI-MS and NMR data, the structures of these compounds were determined as tumulosic acid (1), dehydrotumulosic acid (2), 3beta, 5alpha-dihydroxy-ergosta-7, 22-dien-6-one (3), 3beta, 5alpha, 9alpha-trihydroxy-ergosta-7, 22-diene -6-one (4), ergosta-7, 22-diene-3-one (5), 6, 9-epoxy-ergosta-7,22-diene-3-ol (6), ergosta-4,22-diene-3-one (7), 3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-trihydroxyl-ergosta-7,22-diene (8), ergosta-5, 6-epoxy-7,22-dien-3-ol (9), beta-sitosterol (10), ribitol (11), mannitol (12), and oleanic acid 3-O-acetate (13), respectively. Compounds 3-13 were isolated from the P. cocos for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; Poria ; chemistry