Introduction: The introduction of minimally invasive surgery has revolutionized multiple disciplines of surgical practice. Objectives: This meta-analysis of matched case control studies aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) with open thoracotomy for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We searched from PubMed and Embase electronic database and revealed seven relevant studies. Endpoints included perioperative mortality and morbidity, postoperative complications and duration of hospitalization. Two investigators (L.S and D.N) independently reviewed each retrieved article. The values of RR and 95% CI were estimated. We used the fixed and random-effects models to estimate the size of the treatment benefit. Results: Results indicate that perioperative mortality was similar between VATS and open thoracotomy (RR-0.62(95%CI 0.39-0.98). However, patients who underwent VATS were found to have fewer overall complications (RR-0.68(95%CI 0.59-0.78), and patients who underwent VATS had a significantly shorter length of hospitalization compared with those who underwent open thoracotomy (MD= -2.98(95%CI-4.09:-1.87)). Conclusions The present meta-analysis demonstrated superior perioperative outcomes for patients who underwent VATS, including overall complication rates and duration of hospitalization. Therefore, our study suggests that VATS should be performed widely to treat patients with lung cancer in the future.

Background: E-cigarettes were created in China in 2003 and smoke is produced by the transfer of liquids contained within e-cigarettes into proteins. The WHO has warned of the health effects of e-cigarettes and recommended limiting sales. Mongolia imported a total of 2047 e-cigarettes from 2019-2020 and 2.6 million e-cigarettes by 2021. That's because in the school environment, retail outlets are trading in e-cigarettes. Objective: Study of pupil and student knowledge of e-cigarette use and its effects among pupils. Research Methods: In our study, we found 421 students representing 1304 high school students at 6 high schools in Esenbulag, Altai Province, with 12 years of training, The study was conducted by a closed questionnard of 38 students representing 161 students from MSUT, 151 students representing 962 students from 1st to 6th grade, and a total of 670 youth and students. The results of the study were developed with 24 SPSS applications. Results of the study: 71.8% of participants in the study are high school students in general education, 5.7% are MSUT students and 22.5% are MNUMS students. It found that 12.5% of students surveyed and 11.7% of teens said they smoked e-cigarettes, compared with 11% of teens and students who occasionally smoked e-cigarettes. 47-73% of teens and students who smoke began smoking starting in the 10th to 11th grade, with 21.3-45.5% of the factors affecting e-cigarette use attracting friends, 9.5-13.4% responded that they were household smokers, 6.2-18.1% said they were interested in making others look attractive, while 42.5-62.4% said they knew about the harmful effects of e-cigarettes and 46-51.7% were trying to stop e-cigarettes. A study of the source of information on the effects of e-cigarettes found that 40.8-47.9% of people get it from social networks and 14.1-20.4% from TV shows. Conclusions While the vast majority of students and students know about the effects of e-cigarettes, 56.6% of the participants in the overall study smoke e-cigarettes. Information about the harmful effects of e-cigarettes is being taken from social networks by the vast majority of teenagers and young people on campus. Friends have the highest percentage of exposure to e-cigarettes because of the many factors affecting e-cigarettes.