Participation in exercise benefits health and fitness among Intellectual Disability (ID) individuals. Circuit training is one of the exercise programme that can be tailored by manipulating the intensity, time and types of exercise. The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of six weeks of circuit training on anaerobic fitness and simple reaction time in ID individuals. Thirty participants with mild to moderate ID were selected from individuals who are registered with the Pusat Pemulihan dalam Komuniti (PDK) and Yayasan Orang Kurang Upaya (YOKUK) in the Kelantan state. Participants were randomly divided into Circuit Training and Control groups. Participants in Circuit Training group followed a circuit training exercise programme, two times per week for six weeks, whereas participants in Control group were not involved in circuit training and carried out their regular activities. The anaerobic peak power was significantly decreased (ƿ < 0.001) in Control group after six weeks. The anaerobic power of post-test was significantly improved (ƿ = 0.042) from the pre-test in Circuit Training group and it was also significantly higher (ƿ = 0.001) than Control group. There were no significant differences for the anaerobic capacity and simple reaction time between and within groups. Circuit training can be conducted to enhance anaerobic power in ID individuals, however longer participation may be needed to improve anaerobic capacity and simple reaction time.

Introduction: Introduction: Knee valgus which also known as dynamic knee valgus (DKV), is frequently linked to non-contact lower-limb injuries, especially in females. This retrospective study aims to compare the kinematic variables of lower limb joints in physically active females with normal versus excessive DKV during single leg squat (SLS) at 45° and 60° knee flexion. Methods: Based on the outcomes of drop vertical jump screening test, 34 females were recruited and divided into two groups (i.e., normal and excessive DKV). Participants performed SLS at 45° and 60° knee flexion with three-dimensional motion capture and analysis. The kinematic variables of lower limb joints at both knee flexion of SLS were compared across groups using independent T-test. Results: During 45° SLS with the dominant limb, the normal DKV group performed significantly greater hip adduction angle (4.49±3.25°, t(32) = 2.371, p= 0.024) than the excessive DKV group (1.426±4.23°). During 60° SLS with the dominant limb, the normal DKV group showed knee adduction (0.223±0.07°, t(16.048) = 10.707, p=0.001) while the excessive DKV group showed knee abduction (-4.478±1.81°). Conclusion: Females with excessive DKV showed significantly different lower limb kinematics and motion control strategy compared to females with normal range of DKV. The findings highlighted the importance of DKV screening among physically active females, and the rationale for prescribing individualized exercise intervention to prevent lower limb non-contact injuries.