Objective To investigate the effects of Abnormal Phlegmatic Temperament Granules on spatial learning and memory, histopathology morphological change in hippocampus CA1 zone; To discuss its mechanism of action.Methods Three-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: model control group, positive control (donepezil 0.92 mg/kg) group, Abnormal Phlegmatic Temperament Granules high-, medium-, and low-dose groups (3, 2, 1.5 g/kg), 18 mice in each group. Another 18 three-month-old C57BL/ 6J mice were chosen as normal control group. All administration groups received relevant medicine for successive 6 months. Then the changes in learning and memory ability of mice were detected by Morris water maze test; pathomorphism in hippocampus CA1 zone was detected by HE staining method; changes of myelin sheath, microtubule, and microfilament in myelinated nerve of hippocampus CA1 zone were detected by electron microscope. Results Morris water maze test results showed that escape incubation period of APP/PS1 transgenic mice was significantly longer than the normal control group (P<0.01), and the original platform time was significantly shorter than normal control group (P<0.01); compared with model control group, Abnormal Phlegmatic Temperament Granules treatment groups escape latency time was significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01). Space experiments and escape incubation period of Abnormal Phlegmatic Temperament Granules high-, medium-, low-dose groups were significantly shortened (P<0.05, P<0.01), and spatial searching test showed that the times of mice in Abnormal Phlegmatic Temperament Granules high-, medium-, low-dose groups passing through effective area increased (P<0.01). The integrity of HE staining pyramidal cell layer in the hippocampus CA1 zones of Abnormal Phlegmatic Temperament Granules high-, medium-, and low-dose groups was relatively good; cells arranged orderly; distribution was normal. Electron microscopic observation showed that compared with model control group, the hippocampus neurons nuclear had irregular shape; nuclear membrane was clear and complete; chromatin was clear; nucleolus was obvious; cell matrix was uniform; organelles were abundant; mitochondrial cristae was obvious; endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes were obvious. Conclusion Abnormal Phlegmatic Temperament Granules can improve spatial learning and memory in APP/PS1 mice, alleviate neuronal ultrastructure damage and ultimately improve cognitive function.

Objective To investigate the effects of Abnormal Phlegmatic Munziq on ability of learning and memory, and protein expressions of brain tissue RAGE and LRP1 of APP/PS1 transgenetic mice model of AD;To discuss its mechanism of action. Methods Three-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: model control group, positive control group, Abnormal Phlegmatic Munziq high-, medium-, and low-dose groups, 18 mice in each group. Another 18 three-month-old C57BL/6J mice were chosen as normal control group. All administration groups received relevant medicine for successive 6 months. Then the changes in ability of learning and memory of mice were detected by Step-down test; protein expressions of LRP1 and RAGE were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results Compared with the normal control group, the reaction time of learning grades and the mistake times increased, incubation of memory grades decreased and the mistake times increased in the model control group (P<0.01);Compared with the model control group, the reaction time of learning grades and the mistake times decreased, incubation of memory grades increased and the mistake times decreased in all administration groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot results showed that compared with normal control group, the LRP1 expression decreased and RAGE increased in the model control group (P<0.05);Compared with the model control group, the LRP1 expression decreased and RAGE increased in Abnormal Phlegmatic Munziq high-, medium-, and low-dose groups (P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion Abnormal Phlegmatic Munziq can improve ability of spatial learning and memory in APP/PS1 mice and regulate the expressions of RAGE and LRP1.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution of abnormal hilit syndromes in traditional Uighur medicine (TUM) among human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients, and to find out the clinical characteristics of abnormal savda syndrome type HIV/AIDS patients.

METHODSBetween June and July in 2012, 307 eligible HIV/AIDS patients from in-patient department and out-patient clinics of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region the Sixth People's Hospital in Urumqi were investigated. TUM syndrome differentiation was performed by a senior TUM physician. Each participant completed a Sign and Symptom Check-List for Persons Living with HIV/AIDS (SSC-HIV) questionnaire. Depression was evaluated by using Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Questionnaire. Blood specimen was collected from each participant to test the levels of blood chemicals.

RESULTSOf 307 HIV/AIDS patients, 189 (61.6%) were abnormal savda syndrome type, 118 (38.4%) were non-abnormal-savda syndrome type. Mean CD4 counts of abnormal savda syndrome type patients was (227.61±192.93) cells/µL, and the prevalence of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated cystatin C were 49.7%, 28.6%, and 44.7%, which were significantly higher than those in the non-abnormal-savda syndrome type patients (26.3%, 16.0% and 25.0%,P<0.05). In addition, depression (79.9%) and HIV/AIDS-related symptoms such as fatigue (42.3%), back aches (40.7%), lack of appetite (33.9%), night sweats (31.7%) were more common among abnormal savda syndrome patients (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAbnormal savda syndrome is the dominant syndrome among HIV/AIDS patients, and they present a more sever clinical manifestation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Adult ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; China ; ethnology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires