(Objective) Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) before radical prostatectomy promotes the downstaging of primary lesions. A retrospective analysis was conducted of the relationship between NHT durations and positive surgical margin rates, as well as between positive surgical margin rates and three types of prostatectomy (antegrade radical prostatectomy, retrograde radical prostatectomy, and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP)).;(Materials and Methods) This study was a retrospective analysis of 257 patients treated with radical prostatectomy during the three years between April 2002 and March 2005. Of the 257 patients, 190 were treated by NHT. NHT durations were classified into “not conducted,” “<1 month,” “1-3 month,” “3-6 month” and “>6 month,” and the relationship between positive surgical margin rates and NHT durations was investigated. Seventy-four patients underwent antegrade radical prostatectomy, 131 were treated with retrograde radical prostatectomy, and 52 underwent LRP. Positive surgical margin rates were investigated according to the types of prostatectomy, as well as according to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels upon diagnosis.;(Results) Positive surgical margin rates were 53.8% in the “not conducted” and “<1 month” groups, 38.8% in the “1-3 month” group, 32.4% in the “3-6 month” group, and 10.7% in the >6 month” group. Positive surgical margin rates after open surgery (antegrade and retrograde) tended to decrease when NHT durations were longer, while those after LRP tended to increase inversely. No correlation was observed between PSA levels upon diagnosis and positive surgical margin rates or between presurgical PSA levels and NHT durations.;(Conclusion) Positive surgical margin rates were not significantly different when patients were treated with NHT for 1-3 months, but they tended to decrease when NHT was for >6 months. However, positive surgical margin rates after LRP increased when NHT continued for longer periods of time. This may the result of fibrous adhesion in the vicinity of the prostate due to long-term NHT which made the surgical margins unclear.
Prostatectomy ; month ; Positive ; LDL-Receptor Related Protein 1 ; public service announcement

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of tegafur–uracil (UFT), a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, plus cisplatin and dexamethasone in patients with docetaxel-refractory prostate cancers.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with docetaxel-refractory prostate cancer were administered oral UFT plus intravenous cisplatin (UFT-P therapy) and dexamethasone. Treatment responses were assessed monthly via prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level measurements. Treatment-related adverse events and overall survival were also assessed.

Results: UFT-P therapy resulted in decreased PSA levels in 14 (56%) patients and increased PSA levels in 11 (44%). In patients with increased PSA levels, 7 (64%) of the 11 patients displayed decreased PSA doubling times. The UFT-P therapy response rate was 84% (21/25 patients). Imaging studies revealed that tumor shrinkage during UFT-P therapy occurred in 1 patient in whom bilateral hydronephrosis caused by lymph node metastasis improved. The median survival time from docetaxel initiation was 36 months. In UFT-P-treated patients, the median PSA progression and overall survival times were 6 and 14 months, respectively. UFT-P treatment-related adverse events were mild diarrhea, general fatigue, and anorexia. Treatment was not discontinued for any of the patients. UFT-P therapy did not cause serious hepatic or renal dysfunction or pancytopenia.

Conclusions: UFT-P therapy is a safe and effective treatment for patients with docetaxel-refractory prostate cancer, although large-scale, multicenter, prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.