Leech infestation in otolaryngology is sporadically seen in remote area of tropical countries, but the cases are usually not scientifically reported. We are reporting an unusual case of a land leech removal from external auditory canal (EAC)
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BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common and complex chronic inflammatory disease of sinonasal mucosa. Even though the pathogenesis of CRS is multifactorial and still unclear, the role of cytokines especially interleukin-1 (IL-1) is being investigated worldwide in different population because of varying results obtained. OBJECTIVE: To study the association of IL-1 (A and B) gene polymorphisms with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyp (CRSsNP), and other factors related. METHODS: This is a case-controlled study which include a total of 138 subjects recruited from Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery clinic in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Genotyping of the IL-1A (+4845G, +4845T) and IL-1B (−511C, −511T) were performed with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS: There was a statistical significant association between IL-1B (−511C, −511T) polymorphism with CRSwNP and CRSsNP (p < 0.001). The CT genotype of IL-1B was markedly increased in CRSwNP subjects (52.2%). However, there was no significant association found between IL-1A (+4845G, +4845T) with CRSwNP and CRSsNP (p = 0.093). No association was found in factors related to CRS, which included asthma, atopy, allergy, aspirin sensitivity, and family history of nasal polyp (p value of 0.382, 0.382, 0.144, >0.95, and 0.254, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study indicates an association of IL-1B (−511C, −511T) polymorphism with CRSwNP and CRSsNP in our population, hence there is a possibility of IL-1B involvement in modulating pathogenesis of CRS. There was no significant association of IL-1A (+4845G, +4845T) polymorphism with CRSwNP and CRSsNP, and other factors related.
Aspirin ; Asthma ; Case-Control Studies ; Cytokines ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Interleukin-1 ; Malaysia ; Mucous Membrane ; Nasal Polyps ; Neck ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide