Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability that has gained increasing attention in Malaysia. Much effort is now being taken to include children with autism spectrum disorder in the school system, either in inclusive settings or in special educational settings. However, this endeavor raises many challenges for the children with autism spectrum disorder, their families and for service providers. The current study uses a qualitative approach to investigate parents’ perceptions of problems faced by their children with autism spectrum disorder in issues related to academic skills. A face-to-face interview was performed with parents of children with autism spectrum disorders who were receiving occupational therapy services for their difficulties in academic related skills. Findings indicate that most of the difficulties faced by these children are related to skills needed to be accepted at school, such as ability to communicate and socialize and this often limit their performance at school. These findings not only raise and discuss important implications for service providers such as teachers, health care professionals and policy makers, but also lead to suggestions for future research.
Autism Spectrum Disorder

Functional mobility among the older population is an important element for a meaningful quality of life. The implementation of functional mobility assessments among the older people is vital to ensure appropriate steps can be taken in order to detect changes in functional mobility. There are varieties of functional mobility assessments available however most of the reliability test are based on Western countries. Therefore this study was to determine the reliability of three types of functional mobility status assessment of physical activity, especially among the older person. Sixty older respondents with the average age of 76.32 years and standard deviation of 8.66 participated in this study performed three types of functional assessments; Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Sit-to-Stand Test (STS). Two measurements were carried out with a week gap from the first measurement. Intraclass Correlation (ICC), Limits of Agreement (LOA) and Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) statistical tests followed by the combination of the three statistical analysis measurements were used for data analysis. The results showed all functional measurement tools using ICC, LOA, SEM and combination of three types analysis were highy reliable. The ICC value was exceeded 0.90 (ICC=0.94-0.99). The LOA graph for all activity measurement tools showed some degree of reliability while the SEM percentage recorded a value of less than 10% (SEM%=0.95%-9.95%). In conclusion, all three functional measurement tools are highly reliable and can be used as one of the functional test among the older people in Malaysia.
Health Services for the Aged ; Quality of Life