Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; congenital

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical value of pulmonary carcinoma in middle-advanced stage bypercutaneous intratumor carboplatin injection(PCI) under CT guided in combination with bronchial artery infusion(BAI) and intrathoracic artery infusion(IAI).Methods There were totally 58 cases with central bronchial carcinoma in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ.Of them,30 cases(treatment group) were treated by BAI+IAI and PCI,while 28 patients(control group) were treated by BAI and PCI.Therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the improvement of the following variables:CT,life quality and survival period after treatment.Results The responsive rate in the treatment group(73.3%) was significantly higher than that in the control group(46.4%),the life quality and survival period were much improved.Conclusion Percutaneous intratumor carboplatin injection in combination with BAI and IAI is a effective method for bronchial carcinoma in Ⅲ and Ⅳ stages,it can not only improve the shorten effect,prolong survival period,but also can improve patients life quality.

Objective To observe the changes of intracerebral amino acid transmitters in the periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) of newborn rats with microdialysis and so as to explore the role of excitotoxicity in PVL.Methods Replicated the model for PVL at the age of postnatal day 5 (P5) by intracerebral injection of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA).Before injection of 3-NPA,and 15 min,30 min,45 min,60 min,75 min,90 min after injection of 3-NPA,collected the sample of extracellular fluid (ECF) at the corpus callosum above the left ventricle through microdialysis,respectively.After microdialysis,the experimental rats were allowed to survive to P6-P14,and then they were killed and the brains were prepared for HE stain.The amino accids of dialysate were quantified through high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and then the excitotoxic index (EI) was calculated.Results Fifteen min to 45 min after injection of 3-NPA,the concentrations of glumate (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp) of ECF elevated significantly,and then returned to the normal levels.Fifteen min to 75 min and 15 min to 30 min after injection of 3-NPA,the concentrations of glycine (Gly) and GABA significantly elevated,respectively,and returned to normal levels at 90 min and 45 min after injection of 3-NPA,respectively.But the EI,which indicated the balance of excitatory amino acids(EAAs) and inhibitory amno aciols(IAAs),significantly elevated 15 min to 75 min after injection of 3-NPA,then retured to normal level after 90 min.Sub-cortical and periventricular white matter rarefaction and significant lateral ventricle enlargement were observed in HE staining.Conclusions Changes of intracerebral amino acid transmitters in the PVL of newborn rats show regularity:EAAs,IAAs of ECF and EI elavate in the early stage,and then return to the normal level quickly.It indicates that excitotoxicity play a great role in PVL,especially at the early stage.Therefore,the preventions of PVL must be executed at the early stage.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of 660 nm red light on sciatic nerve injury in adult rats.Methods Forty-five adult,male rats were divided into a control group and treatment groups 1,2,3 and 4.Sciatic nerve injury was modeled by crushing the nerve.The treatment groups received irradiation with red light once daily for 21 consecutive days.The power density of red light and irradiation time varied among the groups.The latency and amplitude of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and nerve conductive velocity were examined at different time points.The Sciatic Function Index (SFI) was used to evaluate walking function.Results After 21 days of red light therapy no statistically significant differences were observed between the control group and treatment groups 1 to 4 with regard to the latency or the amplitude of the CMAPs.There was a significant difference between the control group and treatment group 3 in terms of sciatic nerve conduction velocity.The average Sciatic Function Indexes of treatment groups 2,3 were significantly different from that of the control group.Conclusion Red light irradiation can promote recovery after sciatic nerve injury,at least in rats,thereby improving walking function.

Objective To investigate the effect of red light on the expression of caspase-8 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein during the acute stage of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal rats.Methods Forty-five seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham group,an HIBD model group (model group) and an irradiation group.The rats in the model and irradiation groups were subject to HIBD induced using the Rice-Vannucci method.The irradiation group was treated by irradiation with red light on the forehead immediately after the establishment of the HIBD model for 30 min/d on 3 consecutive days,while the sham group and the model group received no treatment.On the 3rd day after the operation,10 rats from each group were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the left hippocampus was rapidly isolated and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for mRNA and protein examination.Another 5 rats in each group were used for immunofluorescence testing to localize and semi-quantify the expression of caspase-8 and caspase-3.Results In the model group,expression of caspase-8 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein in the left hippocampus was higher than in the sham group on the 3rd day.After red light irradiation,expression of caspase-8 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein decreased significantly in the irradiation group compared with the HIBD group.In the CA 1 region of the hippocampus,the levels of caspase-8 and caspase-3 in the irradiation group were significantly lower than in the model group.Conclusion Red light irradiation can decrease the expression of such apoptosis factors as caspase-8 and caspase-3 in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage at the acute stage and inhibit neural cell apoptosis so as to exert therapeutic effects for hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and naringin can both promote proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, their combined use is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of PRP combined with naringin on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMSCs)in vitro. METHODS: BMSCs at passage 3 were divided into four groups: (1) blank control group, cells were cultured in α-MEM; (2) PRP group, cells were cultured in α-MEM containing PRP; (3) naringin group, cells were cultured in α-MEM containing naringin; and (4) combined group, cells were cultured in α-MEM containing PRP and naringin. The contents of used PRP and naringin were 12.5% and 50 μg/L respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Expression of related genes in hBMSCs was detected by RT-PCR. Alkaline phosphatase staining, collagen type I immunohistochemical staining, and alizarin red staining were used to analyze the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The proliferation of hBMSCs was increased in each group, especially in the combined group. Cells in all the groups except the blank control group were positive for alkaline phosphatase staining, collagen type I immunohistochemical staining, and alizarin red staining, and the positive effect was more obvious in the combined group. However, negative or weakly positive response was found in the blank control group. At 7 and 14 days, the expression of alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I was significantly higher in the PRP, naringin and combined groups than the blank control group (P < 0.05); at 14 days, the expression of alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I was significantly higher in the combined group than the PRP and naringin groups (P < 0.05). To conclude, PRP combined with naringin can promote the proliferation of hBMSCs and induce the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Moreover, there is a synergistic effect between PRP and naringin.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the symptomatic characteristics of chronic rhinosinusitis patients and the report symptom-based outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery. METHOD: One hundred and nineteen chronic rhinosinusitis patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery, including 52 patients of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps and 67 patients of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, were enrolled. Patients were asked to evaluate their symptoms before surgery and 12 months after endoscopic sinus surgery using 10 cm visual analog scale measures. RESULT: The most commonly reported symptoms were nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, headache, facial pressure and altered sense of smell. Compared with patients of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, patients of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps reported significantly higher scores of nasal discharge, whereas lower scores of altered sense of smell (P<0.01 for both). The most disturbing symptom was nasal discharge and altered sense of smell for chronic rhinosinusitis patients without and with nasal polyps, respectively. After endoscopic sinus surgery, the scores for all studied symptoms were improved greatly in both chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps groups (P<0.01 for all). CONCLUSION Chronic rhinosinusitis patients with and without nasal polyps present different symptomatic characteristics. Endoscopic sinus surgery can improve patient-based symptoms significantly. Visual analog scale is a simple and powerful tool to evaluate chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms.
Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sinusitis ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

UNLABELLEDProminent eosinophil airway inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of asthma. There is increasing evidence that the disorder of eosinophil apoptosis contributes to the mechanism. But most of the studies have been done in vitro or on animal models, very few were done among the adult asthmatics in vivo.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the apoptotic eosinophils and Bcl-2 in asthmatic children in vivo.

METHODSEleven mild to moderate asthmatic patients were recruited and the range of age was 7 - 14 years (9 males, 2 females), meanwhile 7 patients with lower respiratory infection were recruited as control and the range of age was 9 - 14 years (5 males, 2 females). Before and after inhaled glucocorticoid (GC) induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), bronchial mucosa specimens and peripheral blood were obtained for measuring and comparing the changes of apoptotic EG(2)(+) cell by combining the techniques of TUNEL and immunohistochemistry, meanwhile the expression of Bcl-2 in bronchial mucosa specimens was measured by using the immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSBefore the inhalation of GC, the apoptotic EG(2)(+) cells in asthmatics were significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.01), and the numbers of EG(2)(+) cell in asthmatics group were significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.001). After the treatment apoptotic EG(2)(+) cells in asthmatics were increased (P < 0.01), and the numbers of EG(2)(+)cell were decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), FEV(1)% was increased (P < 0.05). Before the inhalation of GC, the numbers of Bcl-2(+) cell in asthmatic airway submucosa were higher than that in control group (P < 0.05) but after the treatment the number of Bcl-2(+) cell did not change significantly. (4) Before and after GC treatment the percentages of apoptotic eosinophils of peripheral blood in vivo had no significant changes compared with those of control subjects (P > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between apoptosis of EG(2)(+) cell in sputum, BAL, airway submucosa and FEV(1)% (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONApoptosis of EG(2)(+) cell decreased in the airway of asthmatic children and inducing EOS apoptosis is one of the important mechanism of inhaled GC therapy for asthma.

Adolescent ; Apoptosis ; Asthma ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; cytology ; Child ; Eosinophils ; cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Respiratory Mucosa ; chemistry ; cytology

OBJECTIVEThe cytochrome P450 subfamily IIIA5 (CYP3A5) gene is responsible for the metabolism of many clinically used anticancer agents. So far the studies on CYP3A5 gene has only been focused on the leukemia cell lines. This study examined the polymorphism of CYP3A5 and tried to find the possible relationship between CYP3A5 gene expression and treatment outcome or prognosis in children with acute leukemia.

METHODSThe genotype distribution of CYP3A5-6986A/G gene polymorphism was detected with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in 66 children with newly diagnosed acute leukemia (AL) and 22 control individuals. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to examine wt-CYP3A5 and SV1-CYP3A5 mRNA levels in the bone marrow.

RESULTSThree genotypes of CYP3A5-6986A/G polymorphisms were found: CYP3A5*1/*1, CYP3A5*1/*3 and CYP3A5*3/*3. There were significant differences in the wt-CYP3A5 mRNA expression among the AL patients with different genotypes (p<0.05). In patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL), the complete remission (CR) rate in the group with a low expression of wt-CYP3A5 mRNA was significantly higher than that in the group with a high expression (p<0.05). A dynamic monitoring for wt-CYP3A5 mRNA expression was performed in two cases of ALL. The expression increased before ALL relapse compared with that in CR in a patient, while in the other patient, the expression was kept in a low level and the patient remained in CR CONCLUSIONS: wt-CYP3A5 mRNA expression was associated with the treatment outcome and prognosis in children with AL. Dynamic monitoring for wt-CYP3A5 mRNA expression in the bone marrow may be useful in the evaluation of the disease severity in childhood acute leukemia.

Acute Disease ; Child ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Leukemia ; enzymology ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant clonal disease derived from hematopoietic stem cells. CML stem cells were thought to be the root which could lead disease development and ultimately rapid change. However, a stable animal model for studying the characteristics of CML stem cells is currently lacking. This study was aimed to establish a transplanted human CML nude-mice model to further explore the biological behavior of CML stem cells in vivo, and to enrich CML stem cells in nude mice by series transplantation. The 4 - 6 weeks old BALB/c nude mice pretreated by splenectomy (S), cytoxan intraperitoneal injection (C) and sublethal irradiation (I) were transplanted intravenously with (5 - 7) × 10(7) of bone marrow mononuclear cells from CML patients in chronic phase. Alternatively, 4 - 6 weeks old BALB/c nude mice pretreated by lethal irradiation were transplanted intravenously with 5 × 10(6) homologous bone marrow cells of BALB/c nude mice together with (5 - 7) × 10(7) of bone marrow mononuclear cells from CML patients in chronic phase simultaneously. The leukemic cells engrafted and infiltrated in organs and bone marrow of the mice were tracked by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), plastic-embedded biopsy and flow cytometry. The results of these two methods were compared. The results showed that human CML cells engrafted and infiltrating into the bone marrow of two nude mice pretreated with SCI could be detected. In spite of the low successful rate, results suggested the feasibility of this method by using BALB/c nude mice as a human CML animal model. In contrast, in nude mice pretreated by the lethal dose irradiation, CML cells in the bone marrow could not be found. It is concluded that human bone marrow CML cells can results in leukemia in nude mice pretreated by SCI. Thus this study provides a new strategy for establishment of CML animal models which deserves further elaboration.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Transplantation, Heterologous