Background: In the 21st century, as a health problem of increased nonspecific low back pain, it is becoming one of the risk factors for leaving the occupation. 90-95%of the total waist back pain is the nonspecific back pain. Overloading of the spine because nurses are in a compressed position to work with the patient is a high risk for back pain. This study aim of our study was relationship between nonspecific low back pain and workplace among nurses in tertiary care first, second and third hospitals in Mongolia. Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational design to relationship between nonspecific low back pain and physical activity among nurses. We collected data from 133 registered nurses, randomly selected and working in three general public tertiary care hospitals in the capital city of Ulaanbaatar of Mongolia. An instrument used were the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (SNMQ). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient test. Results: Sixty two percent (82) were perceived a low back pain. The ratio of nurses with non-specific low back pain is 82 / 51=0.62 (odds). In other hand, one in two nurses were perceived non-specific low back pain, which is high prevalence. The relationship between nurses’ low back pain and workplace, r=0.25 has a direct weak correlation and is not statistically significant (p=0.15). Conclusions The results suggest that effective preventive measures form nonspecific low back pain for nurses. In the future, it is important to protect the health of existing nurses and keep them in the workplace.

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer in young patients is usually correlated with chronic alcohol consumption and hereditary factor. Chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic trauma, pancreatic cyst, alcoholism, and diabetes mellitus are the most clearly established etiological factors (T.Y Flanders., W.S Foulkes., 1996). The cancer was located to the pancreatic head in 75% to the body in 15-20% and to the tail in 5-10% of cases (A.E Richard., 2005). Goal: Determination of the US signs in pancreatic cancer and establishment standard (control) US diagnostic criteria. Objectives: 1. To reveal direct and indirect US signs of pancreatic cancer. 2. To establish standardized US diagnostic criteria. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out in 35 patients with pancreatic cancer in a 4 years period between 2006-2010 (Shastin Central Hospital, Achtan Clinical Hospital). To each patient has being filled special investigation chart. Diagnosis was confirmed on the result of physical examination, laboratory investigation, abdominal conventional radiography, upper gastrointestinal contrast radiography, CT, MRI, ERCP and biopsy. The results of the measurements were compared with the standardized control evaluation of Mongolian people (Ts.Badamsed.B.Tserendash). Results: Our sample represents US signs in 35 patients with pancreatic cancer. On the basis of our study US sign were divided into two categories: direct and indirect signs. Direct signs: a) irregular shape, b) irregular tumour edge, c) hypodensity, d) tumour size more than 2.1cm, e) different location. Indirect signs: a) CBD distends, b) gallbladder distends, c) intra hepatic bile duct distend, d) pancreatic pseudo cyst, e) near-aortic limp node enlargement, f) splenomegaly. We consider that the upper mentioned US abnormality can be as control standard criteria for the US diagnosis of the pancreatic tumour. According to the study of V.N.Demidov and G.P.Sidorov (1987), the pancreatic cancer is located to head in 50-80%. In our series it was about 45.7%± 8.4. Irregular tumour shape in 60.0%±8.3, tumour hypodensity 80.0%±7.2, irregular tumour edge 68.6%±7.8, tumour clear definition 71.4%±7.6 which are the same with N.M. Mukharllyamov (1987). Conclusions: 1. Were described direct and indirect US diagnostic signs in pancreatic cancer 2. The tumor location, shape, size, edge, consistency, intra and extra hepatic bile duct distend, gallbladder distend, near-aortic limp node enlargement are the basic control criteria for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND. In 1929, Mongolian mental health department established and since then it has been showing qualified professional health care towards population. In code of mental health (7.1.2) it is defined as “mental health care can be carried out by person with professional license that indicated in health law” However, recently people tend to seek help from nonprofessional organizations. Because of psychiatric misconception among population, people usually don’t seek help from professional service that it makes diagnostic delay and people suffer longer from their illness. GOAL. To define diagnoses and pathway of people who seek help first-time from mental health care. MATERIAL AND METHOD. This study was relied upon to NCMH out and inpatient unit. Cross-sectional study method with purposive sampling and questionnaire method wasused in this study. RESULT. In total of 145 patients, 76 males and 69 females, who are aged between 18 to 56 years participated in our study. According to ICD 10, majority of participants (40.7%, n=59) had schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 21.4%had stress induced disorder, 12.4 % had organic disorder, 11% had affective disorder, and 14.5 % had substance use disorder.According to their help seeking pathway, every patient sought help from professional organization or several nonprofessional organizations and individual person. As we demonstrated the initial help seeking pathway of participants 40% sought help from religious service, 26.2% sought help from psychiatrist, 17.2% sought help from general and 16.6% sought help from other professional doctors. Therefore we demonstrated the amount of participants who sought help from nonprofessional organization and individual person that 60.6% sought help from shaman, 62% sought help from lama. Primary or secondary educated people are tend to seek help from religious service which was statistically significant (p≤0.006).in total of 107 participants sought help from nonprofessional organization and each patient spent about 5,629,122.30±928799 tugrug, but average of total medical fee for per patients in NCMH was 83916±7793 tugrug which costs 7 times lower than nonprofessional organization but improves patients` mental state more, significantly (p≤0.001) Primary or secondary educated patients likely to have diagnostic delay 1 time more than high educated patients, people with nonprofessional initial help seeking likely to have diagnostic delay 2 times more than psychiatric initial help seeking patients and people who imply that religion causes mental illness have diagnostic delay with 2 times more, significantly. (p≤0.001). CONCLUSION. According to study result stress induced disorder and schizophrenia were the majority of total participants. People tend to seek professional help far lately from symptom onset. Psychiatric misconception and inadequate health education among the population are the main reason of diagnostic delay.

Introduction: A UV-spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of fluconazole. The present study describes development and validation of UV-spectroscopic method for estimation of fluconazole reference substance and validation of detection method. Method: During development of analytical method HCl: water (6 different concentrations). The detection length (cmax) was found to be 260nm. Calibration curves were prepared. The proposed method obeys Beer’s law in the range of 5-50mkg/ml. Absorption maxima was determined with 10 mkg/ml by scanning in the range of 200-400nm. Results: Percent recovery studies are in the range of 95,12%-101.89%. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, range, precision, repeatability, robustness, stability of analytical solution. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by specificity studies. From that it was observed that there is no interference of blank, excipients during the estimation of reference substance in formulation. Conclusion: This shows the adaptability of the method for routine estimation of fluconazole reference. Keywords: Fluconazole, method development, validation, spectrophotometry

Introduction: A UV-spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitative estimationof fluconazole. The present study describes development and validation of UV-spectroscopicmethod for estimation of fluconazole reference substance and validation of detection method.Method: During development of analytical method HCl: water (6 different concentrations).The detection length (cmax) was found to be 260nm. Calibration curves were prepared. The proposedmethod obeys Beer’s law in the range of 5-50mkg/ml. Absorption maxima was determinedwith 10 mkg/ml by scanning in the range of 200-400nm.Results: Percent recovery studies are in the range of 95,12%-101.89%. The method was validatedin terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, range, precision, repeatability, robustness, stabilityof analytical solution. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by specificity studies.From that it was observed that there is no interference of blank, excipients during the estimationof reference substance in formulation.Conclusion: This shows the adaptability of the method for routine estimation of fluconazolereference. Keywords: Fluconazole, method development, validation, spectrophotometry

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, restricted patterns of behavior, and unusual sensory sensitivities. Symptoms of autism occur in some infants, while some children are diagnosed in 2-3 years. There was a direct and indirect relationship between the dental caries and the physical growth among children. The study purpose was to determine the oral health and the body growth status among children with Autism spectrum disorder. Methods: The study population consisted of 53 children, who were diagnosed as “ASD” and approved by psychiatrist between the age of 3-18. The dental examination was done under recommendation by WHO (2013) and oral hygiene index was calculated by FedorovVolodkina (1973). Body growth status was evaluated by Kaup and Rohrer’s index. The results of the study were processed using statistical Stata-21 software. Results: The prevalence of dental caries among all children with Autism spectrum disorder was 88.6% and mean DMFT score were 2.6±3.0 in the primary dentition, 6.1±3.8 in the mixed and 4.0±2.3 in the permanent dentition. Children with good oral hygiene index were 32% of all study population and poor were 68%. When we assessed the body growth status, normal weight children were 52.8%, overweight children were 18.9% and lower weight was 28.3% of all study poptulation. Conclusion We have found that the oral health and the body growth status among children with ASD were poor.

Introduction : Women’s age and reproduction system are always changed from many factors such as communicative and non- communicative diseases, pregnancy and menopause et cetera. Especially, the kinds of vaginal microflora and their proportions are changed too. In the world, the expansion of women’s vaginitis from bacteria was over 29.2% in 2021. For our country, 7486 as 6.9% vaginitis cases occurred within 10,000 people and 3683 as 26.3% cervical inflammation cases occurred by 2019. Vaginitis is asymptomatic for 50-75% of women. Sometimes it is not easy to diagnose vaginitis from bacteria because the fact that it doesn’t create a single type of bacteria. To diagnose vaginitis from bacteria in practice, Amsel’s criteria and Nugent testing methods are mostly used. The methods need much time, doctors’ skills and laboratory devices. It is a disadvantage of these methods. Thus, it needs to find a special method it meets people’s satisfaction, money-saving and more effective. Goal: Comparative research on the traditional and automatic testing methods for vaginal secretion Materials and Methods: We included 47 women in menopause age in analytic study design. All test of participants was tested with Nugent score and automatic analyzer. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 version interpreted according to frequency distribution and percentage. A chi – square test and risk test was used to determine significant association wherever applicable with a p-value of less than 0.05 regarded as significant. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Automat analyzer were calculated, and each component of Automat analyzer was compared to the Nugent scoring system.
This study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of “Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences” university. Results: Evaluating the vaginal discharge from participants in the research by Nugent score, 17% (8/47) of them had bacterial vaginitis, 34% (16/47) was uncertain or they needed to be tested again, 17% (9/47) was normal. But evaluating their test of vaginal discharge by GMD-S600 automatic analyzer, 17% (8/47) had Fungal vaginitis, 57,4% (27/47) had Bacterial vaginitis, 25,5% (12/47) lost their uterus acidic balance. Evaluating the reason of vaginitis with device test by Nugent test, it fits 17%. The test diagnoses it very effective in statistics. Conclusion Comparing traditional method to automatic analyzer testing method for vaginal secretion, the automatic analyzer method is more effective to diagnose and it has an advantage of detecting vaginal abnormality. Also, working unhealthy condition, smoking, making wash are the defends of having vaginitis.

Most recent researches by our historians and archeologists showed that Traditional Mongolian Medicine has undergone 5000 years of historical development which contained all the features of nomadic medicine. Among this 5000 years, the Tibetan medicine particularly, some of the Tibetan doctors their books and sutras influenced a lot into our medical system. Darmo Menrampa Lobzang Chodrak was one of the Tibetan doctors who played important role in field of Mongolian Medicine.
In the course of the research, we have summarized data of over 10 sources and determined that the following books and sutras have been written in medicine without overlapping. From the many of the medical works of Dharmo maaramba wrote, medical sutra that was written in text during his time among Mongols, was found Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region of China, which indicates that he has had a profound impact on Mongolian medicine and the literature spread through Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region of China and Mongolia and is still being used in training, research and practice. In the ancient Tibetan books, the Dharmo maaramba was pronounced in Mongolian as «Darkhan Tengeryn Ezen,” «Otoch Khan» and «Dharmo Emch.”
His name was included in the list of teachers of Zaya Bandida Luvsanprinlei (1642-1708), which is undoubtedly the fact that Dharmo maaramba was his teacher.

Introduction: Vaccination is a cost-effective intervention to prevent major illnesses that contribute to child mortality in the country. Increase in parental knowledge abour vaccination will lead to increase in vaccination rates of children. The main aim of our study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of vaccination. People’s knowledge about immunization and their attitudes toward them are likely influence uptake. Goal: The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the population towards measles and to clarify their satisfaction and understanding of the measles immunization program. Materials and Methods: We conducted cross-sectional study, involved participants from 3 aimags and 6 districts covered voluntarily. Total participants were 509. We used to online model and with the participant’s self-answer closed questionnaire. Results: 76% of the respondents were female and 24% were male. 64.1% of respondents who have children of 0 to 5 years of age, had little or bad knowledge towards immunization schedules against measles. Overall, the general attitude towards vaccines was positive, but the knowledge about significance of vaccines was weak. Further, district and province family doctors need to pay particular attention to increasing awareness and knowledge on importance of vaccines among families with young children. It is necessary to conduct extensive, long-term research and training among population to evaluate their knowledge and attitude towards measles, its vaccine and prevention, and to identify causes of lack of knowledge. Conclusion Our study shows the importance of good physician–patient communication in improving knowledge attitude and practice of parents towards their children’s vaccination.

Background: TED (thyroid eye disease) is an inflammatory disease of the orbit caused by autoimmune diseases of the thyroid, which adversely affect the vision, appearance, and quality of life. Exophthalmos and eyelid retraction are the main features of TED, which can lead to ocular motility, diplopia, optic neuropathy, and permanent vision loss. The study aims to determine the most common clinical signs of TED in Mongolians and define whether there is a correlation with the levels of thyroid autoantibodies. Methods: The study involved 102 patients with TED and 81 patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. The clinical features of TED were identified and evaluated by activity score (CAS) and severity of GO using the European Group of Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO). Results: The mean age of TED patients was 42.6±11.2, which was younger than GD patients (P=0.012). The current smoker was 24 patients (23.5%) with TED, which is relatively higher than GD (P=0.0001). The most common ocular signs were eyelid retraction 80 (78.4%), proptosis 77 (75.5%), diplopia 14 (13.7%) and 4% vision loss. There were no differences in proptosis between the right (18 mm, median) and left eye (17.8 mm, median) (P>0.05). The mean CAS score was 3.09±1.72 and varied depending on gender and smoking. According to EUGOGO, 62.7% of the patients were moderately severe. Only 7 % of the patients were in the sight-threatening stage, presenting optic neuropathy and corneal breakdown. The mean TSI level in patients with TED was 37.95 ± 35.41 IU / ml, which was 2.7 times higher than the mean in patients with GD. Conclusions Eyelid retraction and exophthalmos are the most common clinical signs of TED. Early diagnosis of these features can prevent complications of the disease. Determining serum TSI levels will help in the treatment and monitoring of TED.