1.Career Choice.
Noboru IWAMURA ; Gen OHI ; Yuji KAWAGUCHI ; Hiroki NAKATANI ; Hayato HASEKURA ; Susumu FUJISAKU ; Nobuo MATSUMOTO
Medical Education 1986;17(1):41-47
2.Why is it difficult for nurses to learn how to interpret electrocardiograms?
Takeshi MATSUO ; Reiko WATANABE ; Naoteru HIRAYAMA ; Shinri HOSHIKO ; Ayako WASEDA ; Michitaka MATSUMOTO ; Masao KIKUCHI ; Hiroko INAGAKI ; Nobuo TAKAGI ; Tadashi ISHIKAWA
Medical Education 2008;39(2):79-85
Physicians expect nurses to be able to understand electrocardiographic (ECG) findings.However, many nurses have difficulty learning how to interpret ECGs.We suspect that the reason for such difficulty might be the nurses'mental responses to ECGs, rather than improper teaching methods.
1) We performed a questionnaire survey to investigate the mental responses to ECGs based on the responses of 197 experienced nurses and 43 new nurses and on an additional survey of 37 nurses who took ECG evaluation tests.
2) Almost all nurses recognized the necessity and importance of understanding ECG findings, and most wished to master ECGs.On the other hand, many nurses said that they disliked ECGs and did not feel competent interpreting ECGs.In particular, their perceived lack of competence in interpreting ECGs was greater than their dislike of ECGs.
3) The nurses'perceived lack of competence interpreting ECGs tended to result from feelings that developed during nursing school.Many nurses continued to have such feelings even after they began working.
4) Nurses with a poor understanding of ECGs reported many factors as being associated with their perceived lack of competence.In addition, such negative feelings toward ECGs (such as fear of making a mistake) made these nurses avoid ECGs.We believe that these feelings were likely a factor in why many nurses had difficulty mastering ECGs.
5) Nurses should be provided with appropriate ECG training that carefully considers the perceived incompetence and fear of many nurses regarding ECGs.
3.Expression of Hyaluronidase-4 in a Rat Spinal Cord Hemisection Model.
Yoshiyuki TACHI ; Tetsuhito OKUDA ; Norio KAWAHARA ; Nobuo KATO ; Yasuhito ISHIGAKI ; Tadami MATSUMOTO
Asian Spine Journal 2015;9(1):7-13
STUDY DESIGN: Examination of hyaluronidase-4 (Hyal-4) expression in a rat spinal cord hemisection model. PURPOSE: To determine the status of Hyal-4 expression after hemisection of the spinal cord, and the relationship between its expression and that of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: CSPGs are expressed at the site of spinal cord injury and inhibit axon regeneration. Administration of exogenous chrondroitinase ABC (ChABC), derived from bacteria, digested CSPGs and promoted axonal regrowth. Using a rat hemisection model, we have demonstrated peak CSPGs levels at by 3 weeks after injury but then decreased spontaneously. Could there be an endogenous enzyme similar to ChABC in the spinal cord? It has been suggested that Hyal-4 is involved in CSPG degradation. METHODS: A rat hemisection model was prepared and spinal cord frozen sections were prepared at 4 days and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks post-cordotomy and stained for CSPGs and Hyal-4 and subjected to Western blotting. RESULTS: CSPGs appeared at the injury site at 4 days after hemisection, reached a peak after 3 weeks, and then decreased. Hyal-4 was observed around the injury site from 4 days after cordotomy and increased until after 5-6 weeks. Double staining showed Hyal-4 around CSPGs. Western blotting identified a band corresponding to Hyal-4 from 4 days after hemisection. CONCLUSIONS: Hyal-4 was expressed in a rat hemisection model in areas surrounding CSPGs, and as its peak was delayed compared with that of CSPGs. These results suggest the involvement of Hyal-4 in the digestion of CSPGs.
Animals
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Axons
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Bacteria
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Blotting, Western
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Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans
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Cordotomy
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Digestion
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Frozen Sections
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Hyaluronoglucosaminidase
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Rats*
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Regeneration
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Spinal Cord Injuries
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Spinal Cord*