1.Preventive effects of nitroglycerine on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in growing rats.
Yuming, LI ; Yongguo, LI ; Weihong, YANG
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Medical Sciences) 2007;27(5):528-31
The preventive effects of nitroglycerine (NG) on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in growing rats were studied. Three-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (CON), dexamethasone group (DXM), DXM plus a low dose NG group (NG-L), DXM plus a middle dose NG group (NG-M) and DXM plus a high dose NG group (NG-H), 8 rats in each group. The rat model of osteoporosis was developed by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone twice a week. NG 0.2, 0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg was administered by oral gavages to the treatment groups every day for 12 weeks. Rats in CON group and DXM group were treated with normal saline of the same amount. After the treatment, the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism-associated biochemical markers were determined. Compared with CON group, BMD of lumbar spine and femur in DXM group was decreased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively), blood BGP levels and NO levels reduced (both P<0.01), and TRAP level increased (P<0.05). As compared with DXM group, BMD, serum BGP and NO were increased, and TRAP decreased in NG-L group and NG-M group, but had no significant difference in comparison to CON group. All the markers other than serum NO and TRAP levels had no significant difference between NG-H group and DXM group. It was concluded that low or middle doses of NG could prevent glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in growing rats, but high dose of NG could not. Supplement with NO donor could be considered as a preventive treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in a developing skeleton.
Bone Density/*drug effects
;
Dexamethasone
;
Nitric Oxide Donors/*therapeutic use
;
Nitroglycerin/pharmacology
;
Nitroglycerin/*therapeutic use
;
Osteoporosis/chemically induced
;
Osteoporosis/*prevention & control
;
Random Allocation
;
Rats, Wistar
2.A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of glyceryl trinitrate ointment in the treatment of anal fissure.
Hui PENG ; Jian-ping WANG ; Xin-qing YANG ; Yi ZHENG ; Yi-jiang DING ; Shu-qing DING ; Guo-dong LI ; Jian-zhong JING ; Bao-ming ZHAO ; Shu-xin ZHANG ; Chao-wen CHEN ; Xue-bing ZHAN ; Li-qing YAO ; Wei-feng CHEN ; Qing-shan ZHENG ; Ji-han HUANG
Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2013;16(7):654-657
OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) ointment in the treatment of anal fissure.
METHODSIn this multi-center, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial, 240 chronic anal fissure patients from 7 clinical centers were randomized to receive eight-week treatment with GTN ointment (treatment group) or vaseline ointment (control group) respectively. Healing rate, visual analogue score (VAS), maximum anal resting pressure (MARP) and adverse reactions were recorded and compared.
RESULTSA total of 221 patients (92.1%) finished the trial, including 114 patients in treatment group (95.0%, 114/120) and 107 in control group (89.2%, 107/120). At the endpoint of treatment (56 d), 90 patients in treatment group (78.9%, 90/114) healed completely compared to 31 patients in control group (29.0%, 31/107), and decrease rates of VAS in the two groups were (94.8±15.7)% and (61.2±35.7)% respectively, both differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). MARP after first administration was (20.2±18.5) mm Hg in treatment group (n=12) and (7.1±14.7) mm Hg in control group (n=6), which was not significantly different (P=0.152). Adverse reaction incidence was higher in treatment group (42.1% vs. 9.3%, P<0.05), while these adverse reactions were mainly headache and fullness in head, which were self-limiting.
CONCLUSIONGTN ointment can effectively promote healing and relieve pain in anal fissure with safety and tolerance.
Adult ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Fissure in Ano ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitroglycerin ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome
3.A new way for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension: effectiveness of inhalation of nebulized NO donor.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics 2004;42(3):225-226
Administration, Inhalation
;
Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors
;
pharmacology
;
Humans
;
Hypertension, Pulmonary
;
drug therapy
;
Nitric Oxide Donors
;
administration & dosage
;
therapeutic use
;
Nitroglycerin
;
administration & dosage
;
therapeutic use
;
Nitroprusside
;
administration & dosage
;
therapeutic use
;
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
;
administration & dosage
;
therapeutic use
4.How safe is gemeprost? A case report of a middle-aged female developing acute myocardial infarction after insertion of gemeprost vaginal pessary and a review of its usage.
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2007;36(12):1040-1041
Acute Disease
;
Administration, Intravaginal
;
Alprostadil
;
adverse effects
;
analogs & derivatives
;
therapeutic use
;
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Middle Aged
;
Myocardial Infarction
;
chemically induced
;
drug therapy
;
Nitroglycerin
;
therapeutic use
;
Pessaries
;
Prostaglandins E, Synthetic
;
adverse effects
;
therapeutic use
5.The Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin Improves Vascular Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes.
Yoshiaki KUBOTA ; Masaaki MIYAMOTO ; Gen TAKAGI ; Takeshi IKEDA ; Sonoko KIRINOKI-ICHIKAWA ; Kotoko TANAKA ; Kyoichi MIZUNO
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2012;27(11):1364-1370
The vascular endothelial function is impaired in the very early stage of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. The goal of this study was to identify the mechanism underlying the improvement in vascular endothelial function by sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This study was an open-labeled prospective observational single arm trial. Forty patients were treated with 50 mg of sitagliptin once daily for 12-weeks. The flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and plasma adiponectin were measured at baseline and 12 weeks after initiating treatment. The %FMD was significantly increased after treatment (4.13 +/- 1.59 vs 5.12 +/- 1.55, P < 0.001), whereas the nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) did not change. The plasma adiponectin levels significantly increased (13.0 +/- 11.3 vs 14.3 +/- 12.8, P < 0.001). The changes in the FMD were significantly correlated with those of the plasma adiponectin (r = 0.322, P < 0.05). A multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that the improvement in the FMD is associated with the plasma adiponectin (P < 0.05). The treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with sitagliptin reverses vascular endothelial dysfunction, as evidenced by increase in the FMD, and improvement of the adiponectin levels (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry System as trial ID UMIN000004236).
Adiponectin/blood
;
Aged
;
Aged, 80 and over
;
Atherosclerosis/complications/drug therapy
;
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/*drug therapy
;
Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
;
Drug Administration Schedule
;
Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/physiopathology
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Nitroglycerin/therapeutic use
;
Prospective Studies
;
Pyrazines/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
;
Regression Analysis
;
Triazoles/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
;
Vasodilation/drug effects
;
Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use
6.The Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin Improves Vascular Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes.
Yoshiaki KUBOTA ; Masaaki MIYAMOTO ; Gen TAKAGI ; Takeshi IKEDA ; Sonoko KIRINOKI-ICHIKAWA ; Kotoko TANAKA ; Kyoichi MIZUNO
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2012;27(11):1364-1370
The vascular endothelial function is impaired in the very early stage of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. The goal of this study was to identify the mechanism underlying the improvement in vascular endothelial function by sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This study was an open-labeled prospective observational single arm trial. Forty patients were treated with 50 mg of sitagliptin once daily for 12-weeks. The flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and plasma adiponectin were measured at baseline and 12 weeks after initiating treatment. The %FMD was significantly increased after treatment (4.13 +/- 1.59 vs 5.12 +/- 1.55, P < 0.001), whereas the nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) did not change. The plasma adiponectin levels significantly increased (13.0 +/- 11.3 vs 14.3 +/- 12.8, P < 0.001). The changes in the FMD were significantly correlated with those of the plasma adiponectin (r = 0.322, P < 0.05). A multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that the improvement in the FMD is associated with the plasma adiponectin (P < 0.05). The treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with sitagliptin reverses vascular endothelial dysfunction, as evidenced by increase in the FMD, and improvement of the adiponectin levels (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry System as trial ID UMIN000004236).
Adiponectin/blood
;
Aged
;
Aged, 80 and over
;
Atherosclerosis/complications/drug therapy
;
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/*drug therapy
;
Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
;
Drug Administration Schedule
;
Endothelium, Vascular/*drug effects/physiopathology
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Nitroglycerin/therapeutic use
;
Prospective Studies
;
Pyrazines/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
;
Regression Analysis
;
Triazoles/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
;
Vasodilation/drug effects
;
Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use
7.Native Coronary Artery and Grafted Artery Spasm Just after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Case Report.
Jong Hyun BAEK ; Sung Sae HAN ; Dong Hyup LEE
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2010;25(4):641-643
Native coronary artery spasm after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is scarce. It frequently causes disastrous circulatory collapse. We report a 72-yr-old male, who experienced native coronary artery spasm and grafted artery spasm following CABG, which was successfully treated with coronary angiography and intracoronary injection of nitroglycerine.
Aged
;
Coronary Angiography
;
Coronary Artery Bypass/*adverse effects
;
Coronary Vasospasm/drug therapy/*etiology
;
*Coronary Vessels/drug effects/physiopathology/surgery
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Nitroglycerin/therapeutic use
;
Treatment Outcome
;
Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use
8.Recurrent myocardial infarction secondary to Prinzmetal's variant angina.
Dale MURDOCH ; Priyanka DHILLON ; Selvanayagam NIRANJAN ;
Singapore medical journal 2015;56(5):e74-7
Prinzmetal's variant angina describes chest pain secondary to reversible coronary artery vasospasm in the context of both diseased and non-diseased coronary arteries. Symptoms typically occur when the patient is at rest and are associated with transient ST-segment elevation. Acute episodes respond to glyceryl trinitrate, but myocardial infarction and other potentially fatal complications can occur, and long-term management can be challenging. Although it is not well understood, the underlying mechanism appears to involve a combination of endothelial damage and vasoactive mediators. In this case, a 35-year-old woman with myocardial infarction secondary to coronary artery vasospasm experienced recurrent chest pain. Coronary angiography revealed severe focal stenosis in the mid left anterior descending artery, which completely resolved after administration of intracoronary glyceryl trinitrate. The patient was discharged on nitrates and calcium channel blockers. The patient re-presented with another myocardial infarction, requiring up-titration of medical therapy.
Adult
;
Angina Pectoris, Variant
;
complications
;
drug therapy
;
Constriction, Pathologic
;
drug therapy
;
pathology
;
Coronary Angiography
;
Coronary Vasospasm
;
Coronary Vessels
;
physiopathology
;
Electrocardiography
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Myocardial Infarction
;
complications
;
drug therapy
;
pathology
;
Nitroglycerin
;
therapeutic use
;
Recurrence
;
Vasodilator Agents
;
therapeutic use
9.Effect of controlled hypotension with different drugs combined with acute hypervolemic hemodilution on bleeding volume and gastrointestinal perfusion in nasal endoscopic surgery.
He-Na JIAO ; Fei REN ; Hong-Wei CAI ; Qu-Lian GUO
Journal of Southern Medical University 2009;29(6):1163-1165
OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of controlled hypotension using different drugs on gastrointestinal perfusion and bleeding volume in nasal endoscopic surgery.
METHODSThirty ASA class I or II patients scheduled for nasal endoscopic surgery were randomized into three groups, including a routine general anesthesia group (group A) and two controlled hypotension groups (groups B and C). After anesthesia induction, anesthesia was maintained with 1%-2% isoflurane and vecuronium. ECG, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), SpO(2) and PETCO(2) were continuously monitored. TRIP tonometry catheter 14 F was inserted into the stomach and connected to Tonocap (Datex-Ohmeda, Finland ). In groups B and C, hypotension was induced with isoflurane (1%-2%) and sodium nitroprusside (0.3-3 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)), and with isoflurane (1%-2%) and glonoine (0.5-5 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)), respectively, and the MAP was reduced to 50-55 mmHg in 10-15 min. In groups B and C, blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis after anesthesia (T(0)), after acute hypervolemic hemodilution (T(1)), at 30 and 60 min after controlled hypotension (T(2) and T(3)), and 30 min after recovery from hypotension (T(4)). In group A, blood samples were taken at different time points in the perioperative period.
RESULTSThe patients in groups B and C had smaller bleeding volume than those in group A. HR was decreased after moderate acute hypervolemic hemodilution, and increased after controlled hypotension (T(2) and T(3)) in comparison with that at T(1) to a level similar to that at T(0). No significant changes were found in pHi at T(2) and T(3) in comparison with that at T(1) in the three groups.
CONCLUSIONWhen appropriate measures are taken, induced hypotension at 50-55 mmHg does not necessarily produce disturbance in gastrointestinal perfusion. Induced hypotension with glonoin can decrease the bleeding volume better than sodium nitroprusside in nasal endoscopic surgery.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; prevention & control ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Hemodilution ; methods ; Humans ; Hypotension, Controlled ; methods ; Intestines ; blood supply ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitroglycerin ; therapeutic use ; Nitroprusside ; therapeutic use ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery ; Young Adult
10.Efficacy assessment of treating patients with coronary heart disease angina of phlegm and stasis mutual obstruction syndrome by Danlou tablet.
Shi-han WANG ; Jie WANG ; Ji LI
Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2012;32(8):1051-1055
OBJECTIVETo assess the clinical efficacy of danlou tablet (DT) in treating coronary heart disease angina (CHDA) patients of phlegm and stasis mutual obstruction syndrome (PSMOS).
METHODSTotally 66 CHDA patients of PSMOS were recruited from four centers (Beijing Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Hubei Union Hospital). They were assigned to two groups according to the random digit table, the treatment group (treated by DT +Western medicine) and the control group (treated by Western medicine), 33 in each group. All patients took Western medicine. Patients in the treatment group were given DT, 1.5 g each time, twice daily, while those in the control group took DT placebo. The treatment course was 28 days for all. The efficacy of angina, the angina attack frequency, its duration, the score of angina, the numbers of ST segment depression and flat or inversed T wave, the lead number of inversed T wave, the angina relief time after taking nitroglycerin, the amount of nitroglycerin were observed in the two groups. The changes of Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome scores, including the duration and frequency of chest tightness and pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitation, spontaneous sweating, and total syndrome score were compared before and after treatment. The changes of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homocysteic acid (HCY), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and vascular cell adhesion molecular-1 (VCAM-1) were also observed in both groups.
RESULTSThe total effective rate was significantly higher in the treatment group (26/32 cases, 81.2%) when compared with the control group (13/30 cases, 43.3%, P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment in the same group, the duration and frequency of chest tightness and pain, the score of angina, the numbers of ST segment depression and flat or inversed T wave, the lead number of inversed T wave, the angina relief time after taking nitroglycerin, the amount of nitroglycerin, the duration and frequency of chest tightness and pain, hs-CRP, sCD40L, HCY, IL-6, MMP-9, MPO were lowered after treatment in both groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The VCAM-1 level decreased in the treatment group, while it increased in the control group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the control group after treatment, the duration and frequency of chest tightness and pain, the score of angina, the angina relief time after taking nitroglycerin, the amount of nitroglycerin, the duration and frequency of chest tightness and pain, fatigue, the total syndrome score, the levels of hs-CRP, sCD40L, HCY, IL-6, MMP-9, MPO, and VCAM-1 were lowered in the treatment group after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONDT could improve CHDA patients' clinical symptoms, inhibit the inflammation reaction, showing plaque stabilizing and anti-oxidization effects.
Adult ; Aged ; Angina Pectoris ; drug therapy ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Nitroglycerin ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome