Objective To extract and separate crude gingerols and to determine the content of [6]-gingerol in crude gingerols.Methods Crude gingerols were separated from the ginger supercritical-CO2 extracts by silica gel dry column chromatography with solvent system of diethyl ether-n-hexane(7:3).The content of [6]-gingerol in crude gingerols was determined by HPLC.Results [6]-gingerol content in the prepared crude gingerols by silica gel dry column chromatography arrived 52.87 %(m/m).[6]-gingerol had a good linearity in the range of 0.512～ 3.075 ? g,r=0.999 9,and the average recovery was 99.19 %,RSD=1.58 % .Conclusion Silica gel dry column chromatography can be used to quickly,effectively prepare crude gingerols,in which [6]-gingerol content is high,and can supply enough material for further research.The liquid chromatographic analysis of [6]-gingerol is simple,reliable,reproducible and can be used for the quality control of crude gingerols.

OBJECTIVE To investigate systematically the existence of bactericidal/permeability increasing protein(BPI) in normal rat organs and tissues,for providing important information about BPI in clinical application.METHODS The total RNA was extracted from organs and tissues homogenates.Then the first-strand cDNA was synthesized and BPI DNA was amplified by PCR.RESULTS BPI mRNA was found in kidneys,ovary,testes,liver,small intestine,large intestine,thymus,spleen and neutrophils of 21 various organs and tissues.Among them,BPI mRNA content was the richest in testes,relatively rich in liver and large intestine.CONCLUSIONS BPI mRNA presents in many organs and tissues of rat and it indicates that the role of BPI in host defense against bacterial infection is relatively widespread.

A specific and sensitive GC - MS method for assaying Borneol in the serum of rats medicated orally with compound Danshen dropping pill was developed. Naphthalene was used as the internal standard, the dectection was performed by SIM. The calibration curve was linear in the range from 0.00505 to 40. 1 ?g/mL, the detectable limit of this method was 1 ng/mL. The extraction recovery of Borneol was 72.82% - 86.77%. The RSD of within - day and day - to - day was less than 2.76% and 1.93% respectively. The results showed that this method was simple, sensitive, accurate and good reproducibility , and can be used in further pharmacokinetic study of Borneol in danshen Dropping pill.

Various types of adverse drug reactions (ADR) and deaths elicited by patent drugs and nyections of herbal medicines which were reported in Chinese literature were reviewed and analyzed. ADR characteristic figure was employed for the study. It is emphasized that an objective and correct evaluation of safety of herbal medicines is an important subject of clinical pharmacology in the field of traditional Chinese medicne.

Objective To establish a method for determinin g the content of ginsenoside Rg 1 and Rb 1 and notoginsenoside R 1 in Radix Notoginseng.Methods HPLC /ELSD with solid phase extraction(SPE)was applied.The chromatographic conditions were:Hypersil amino -column (200mm ?4.0mm,5?m),acetonitrile -isopropanol -ammon ium acetate(75∶20∶5;acetic acid adjusted pH to5.0)as mobile phrase,flow rate at 0.6mL?min -1 ,column temperature at room temperature,ELSD nebulization at 55℃and flow rate of nitrogen at 2.3L?min -1 Results The linear range of ginseno-side Rg 1 and Rb 1 ,notoginsenoside R 1 was from 1.0to 10.0?g .The average recoveries were 95.5%～102.5%.The inter -day RSD and intra -day were less than 2%and 4%respectively.Conclusion The method is simple and accu-rate,and can be used for the quality contro l of Radix Notoginseng and its preparations.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Wuling Powder (WLP) on adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats. Methods Rat models of nephrotic syndrome were established by injection of adriamycin into tail veins of rats. The rats were divided into 7 groups: group A(normal control),group B (high-dosage WLP),group C (moderate-dosage WLP),group D (low-dosage WLP),group E (hydrocortisone),group F (hydrocortisone and moderate-dosage WLP extractive) and group G (model control). The influence of 4-week treatment of WLP on 24-hour urinary protein volume,serum levels of albumin,cholesterol and triglycerides as well as pathological changes of kidney tissue were assayed. Results 24-hour urinary protein volume of group B,C,E and F were significanuly lower than that of group G;Serum albumin level of group B,C,E and F differed from that of group G; Serum albumin level of group E and F were higher than that of group B and C;Serum cholesterol level of WLP groups (group B,C,E,F) was much lower than that of group G and the difference was insignificant between group B,F and group A;As for serum triglycerides level,three WLP groups and group F differed from group E while the group G not. Conclusion WLP not only can eliminate tissue edema and decrease urinary protein volume and blood lipid content,but also can increase serum albumin levels,thus it can protect the kidney from injury. There also have been showen that a synergistic action of WLP and hydrocortisone has been shown in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.

Objective To isolate and purify the antioxidant compounds from fructus xanthii and to study their antioxidant activity.Methods Compounds were isolated by repeated silica gel,macroreticular resin Diaion HP-20 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and their antioxidant property was determined by scavenging activity to DPPH and ?OH.Results Five antioxidant compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of Xanthium sibiricum fruits and their structures were identified as 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyisoflavone,myricetin-3'-methyl ether,falcalindiol,1,8-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyne-3,10-diol and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid.Among them,3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid had the highest radical scavenging activity.Conclusion All above 5 compounds have high antioxidant activities,and antioxidant activity of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is the highest.

Objective To establish a method for extracting compounds in Fructus Xanthii by accelerated solvent extraction(ASE),and to simultaneously determine the compounds by GC-MS.Methods The extraction was performed by ASE in which the conditions were optimized by orthogonal test,then the compounds in different extracts with different polarity were determined by GC-MS.Results The optimized conditions of ASE for compounds in Xanthium sibiricum fruits were as follows: petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and methanol as extracting solvent in turn in 33 mL extracting tube and the volume of solvent being 65 mL;6 g sample,9 MPa of extracting pressure,90 ℃of extracting temperature,5 min of extracting time,two cycles and one time for each extraction.The GC-MS conditions were as follows: 1 ?L extract was analysed by GC-MS(Shimadzu Model QP-2010) instrument fitted with a flame ionisation detector,separation was achieved on a DB-5ms,DB-17ms and DB-WAX column(J&W Scientific,30 m,0.25 ?m id film thickness,1.4 ?m,USA) respectively,the column temperature was maintained at 60 ℃for 3 min and increased to 250 ℃,the scanning range was from m/z 40 to m/z 700(scanning interval: 0.5 s),and the compounds were identified by searching NIST and Wiley registry of mass spectral data.Conclusion There are 61 compounds found in the petroleum ether extract and in which 48 are identified,22 in the ethyl acetate extract and 18 identified,as well as 34 in the methanol extract and 29 identified with the methods of optimized ASE combined with GC-MS.

Objective To study the synergistic action of Radix Angelicae Sinensis(RAS) and Flos Carthami(FC) on Clopidogrel Bisulfate(CB) counteracting platelet aggregation. Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomized into 6 groups:normal control group,CB group(1 mg? kg-1? d-1,qd),RAS group(0.7 g? kg-1? d-1,bid) and FC group(0.7 g? kg-1? d-1,bid),CB+ RAS group(CB 1 mg? kg-1? d-1,qd,and RAS 0.7 g? kg-1? d-1,bid),and CB+ FC group(CB 1 mg? kg-1? d-1,qd,and FC 0.7 g? kg-1? d-1,bid). The rats received gastric infusion of corresponding drugs for 5 continuous days. Blood sample of SD rats were collected by puncture of the abdominal artery for the observation of platelet aggregation in each group.Another fifty-four rats were used for the observation of inhibitory effect on thrombosis in arteriovenous shunt. Sixty NIH mice were applied for the observation of effect on bleeding time,clotting time and parameters of routine blood examination. Results Platelet aggregation and thombosis in arteriovenous shunt of rats were inhibited,and the bleeding time was prolonged in the medication group. The above effect was much better in the combination groups. The effect on clotting time and parameters of routine blood examination was not obvious. Conclusion Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Flos Carthami can enhance the effect of Clopidogrel Bisulfate on inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombosis,and on prolonging bleeding time.

Objective To determine the intestinal absorption characters of zingerone in rats.Methods The concentration of zingerone in the intestine perfusate was determined by HPLC.The absorption kinetics were obtained by the in-situ perfusion method in rats.Results The absorption rate constants(Ka) of zingerone were 0.0137,0.0135 and 0.0139 min-1 at the concentration of 25.0,50.0 and 100.0 ?g?mL-1,respectively;Ka of zingerone in the duodenum,jejunum,ileum and colon were 0.0070,0.0031,0.0032 and 0.0026 min-1,respectively.Conclusion Concentration of zingerone has no significant effect on its absorption kinetics.The best absorption segment of the intestine was duodenum,ileum,jejunum and colon by turns.The intestinal absorption of zingerone has the first-order kinetic characters with passive diffusion mechanism.