Objective To evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen post-conditioning on the expression of P2X4 receptors in the spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus of rats with neuropathic pain (NP).Methods Seventytwo male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 300-350 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),NP group and hyperbaric oxygen postconditioning group (group H).NP was induced by chronic constrictive injury.The rats in group H underwent hyperbaric oxygen treatment once a day for 7 consecutive days starting from 1 day after NP was successfully induced.After the rats were placed in the hyperbaric oxygen chamber,the pressure was increased at a rate of 10 kPa/min until the hyperbaric oxygen was at 2.0 atmosphere absolute,and maintained at this level for 60 min,and then the pressure was decreased at a rate of 10 kPa/min until the normal pressure was reached.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before NP was induced and 1,3,7 and 14 days after NP was induced.After the end of measurement,6 rats were randomly chosen from each group and then sacrificed and the L4-6 segments of the spinal cord and hippocampal tissues were removed for determination of the expression of P2X4 receptors (by immunohistochemistry).Results Compared with group S,the MWT was significantly decreased,TWL was shortened,and P2X4 receptor expression in the spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus was up-regulated in NP and H groups.Compared with group NP,the MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged,and P2X4 receptor expression in the spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus was down-regulated in group H.Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen post-conditioning mitigates NP by down-regulating the expression of P2X4 receptors in the spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus of rats.

Objective To investigate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for differentiating multiple myeloma from bone metastases with undetermined origin.Methods A retrospective study was performed on patients with multiple bone destructions and without extraosseous primary malignant tumor in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging.A total of 26 patients (12 males,average age 55.4 years) with multiple myeloma and 20 patients (9 males,average age 50.2 years) with multiple bone metastases confirmed by biopsy or histopathology from January 2011 to December 2013 were included into this study.The characteristics of 18F-FDG PET/CT and urine Bence-Jones protein were used to establish the diagnostic criteria.Myeloma was diagnosed if two or more of the following conditions could be satisfied:more than 10 bone lesions,osteolytic or mixed bone destruction,SUVmax＜4.0,and positive urine Bence-Jones protein.Two-sample t test and x2 test were used.Results The average number of bone lesions in multiple myeloma patients was 15.8,which was more than that (7.8) in patients with bone metastases.About 71.8％ (296/412) of bone lesions in multiple myeloma and 28.8％ (45/156) of bone metastases were osteolytic.The percentage of osteolytic lesions was significantly higher in multiple myeloma (x2=87.2,P＜0.05).The SUVmax of bone lesions of multiple myeloma and bone metastases were 3.81 ±2.17 and 5.82± 3.44 (t =8.29,P＜0.05) respectively.According to the diagnostic criteria,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the differentiation of myeloma from bone metastases were 88.5％ (23/26),85.0％ (17/20) and 87.0％ (40/46).Its diagnostic efficiency was higher than urine Bence-Jones protein (sensitivity:65.4％ (17/26);x2=3.90) and original 18 F-FDG PET/CT evaluation (specificity:10/18,accuracy:64.1％ (25/39);x2 =3.99,6.12) respectively (all P＜0.05).Conclusion Combining the evaluation of structural properties and metabolism on 18F-FDG PET/CT with urine Bence-Jones protein level may provide additional value for the differentiation of multiple myeloma from bone metastases with undetermined origin.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of localized peritoneal mesothelioma by the retrospective analysis of the clinical data and its relationship with asbestos exposure.Methods A total of 22 cases with localized peritoneal mesothelioma confirmed by pathological test and they were selected as our subjects in the Central Hospital of Cangzhou from Jan.2007 to Dec.2012.The information of all cases was collected.The incidence,asbestos exposure history,clinical manifestations,imaging studies,pathological type,immunohistochemistry and tumor markers of peritoneal mesotheliom patients were recorded or measured.Results Of 22 cases,female accounted for 68.18％.The periods from onset symptoms to treatment time was from 2 days to 1 year with an average of 83 days.Clinical symptoms were verified including localized abdominal pain (11 cases,50.00％),abdominal mass (8 cases,36.36％),abdominal distension (6 cases,27.27％),ascites (10 cases,45.45％).Patient was with increased platelet and carcinoma antigen 125.Abdominal computerized tomography showed that local mass was seen and 12 cases were with asbestos spot.Ultrasound-guided peritoneal biopsy was confirmed as the main diagnostic method followed by Laparotomy.Epithelial type was the main pathological type (19 cases,86.36％),following the fleshy tumor type and mixed type.Eighteen cases had asbestos exposure history.Conclusion Localized peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare disease.However,the incidence is high in the current region due to asbestos exposure.Abdominal pain and local mass are the main clinical symptoms,and the main pathology is epithelial typeas well as surgery is the main therapy.

AIM: To decide the effect that selected siRNA degrades mRNA of IL-1? specifically and suppression of its expression after connected with target site with homology complementary sequence. METHODS: Synthesized DNA expression box aimed directly at target site through PCR reaction in vivo was purified, and transfected into lymphocytes stimulated by LPS. siRNA was transcribed by cellular endogenous RNA polymerase Ⅲ and then evoke the degradation of target mRNA. After 48 hours of transfection, the cell culture supernatant was collected and the concentration of IL-1? was assayed using ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with blank-control and negative-control, selected sequence decreased the expression of IL-1?. Rate of the suppression was about 15%. CONCLUSION: RNAi technology produces specific interference effect in mouse spleen lymphocytes in original culture and inhibits the excretion of IL-1?.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of adult abdominal migraine (AM), and improve the understanding and the accuracy of diagnosis of this disease.Methods:A case of adult AM diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in October 2019 was reported, and patients diagnosed with AM in the medical literature from January 2004 to May 2020 were searched and summarized.Results:A total of 634 articles were retrieved, among which 14 articles reported 17 adult AM patients,totally 18 adult AM patients (11 females),including the case diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Only two cases were diagnosed within one year after the onset, and the other cases were diagnosed several years later, of which the longest diagnostic delay was 37 years. The location and nature of abdominal pain were diverse. The median frequency of episodes was 2.5 times per month. Sixteen patients had a duration of 2-72 hours per attack, and the longest one lasted for four days. Fourteen patients had nausea, 13 had vomiting, and seven had headache. Fifteen patients had a personal or family history of migraine. Sixteen patients′ episodes were separated by weeks to months. Because nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were not beneficial to adults with AM, abortive triptan therapy was recommended and anesthetics were considered when necessary. All patients responded to prophylactic migraine therapies.Conclusions:Adult AM is a rare disease. Patients with unexplained, recurrent and moderate to severe abdominal pain, combined with headache, a personal or family history of migraine, are highly suspected of having AM. Early diagnosis and prophylactic migraine therapies could contribute to good prognosis.

Objective To investigate the antibacterial properties and curative effects of a nanosilver-epidermal growth factor (NanoAg-EGF) sustained-release carrier.Methods First,in accordance with former method,sustained-release carrier of NanoAgEGF was prepared,with the design of the NanoAg-EGF group,NanoAg-alone group,EGF-alone group,control groups of normal saline-alone,and benzylpenicillin sodium.Contrasting detection on antibacterial properties of five kinds of common microbes (staphylococcus aureus,escherichia coli,pseudomonas aeruginosa,candida albicans,and streptococcus pneumonia) in each group was used to confirm their antibacterial properties.Then,wound models of diabetic rats were randomly divided into five groups,with the wound treatments by sustained-release cartier of NanoAg-EGF,combined application of NanoAg + EGF,EGF-alone,NanoAg-alone,and normal saline-alone control group,respectively.The observation on the healing situation of each group in different times was used to ensure the curative effect.Results In the antibacterial experiments,it was found that the NanoAg-EGF and NanoAg had strong antibacterial properties.Their antibacterial properties had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The control group,penicillin sodium only had relatively weak antibacterial properties on staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae,with obviously weaker function compared to the NanoAg-EGF and NanoAg groups (P ＜ 0.05).The control groups,EGF-alone and normal saline-alone had no inhibitor function on each kind of pathogenic microorganisms.In the wound healing experiments on diabetic rats,it was found that NanoAgEGF shortened significantly the wound healing time of diabetic rats (P ＜ 0.05).On the 3rd day,the healing rate of each group had no difference (P ＞ 0.05).On the 7th day and 13th day,the healing rates of NanoAg-EGF [(61.71 ± 8.78)％ and (100 ± 2.60) ％] were significantly higher than the other four groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions NanoAg-EGF not only has good antibacterial properties but also can promote rapidly the wound healing of diabetes.

Objective To analyze the short-term results of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR)for patients with acute type B aortic dissection and chronic renal insufficiency (CRI ).Methods Between February 2009 and December 2012,EVAR was performed in 30 patients with acute type B aortic dissection and CRI (CRI group).Consecutive 30 patients with acute type B aortic dissection whose renal function was normal during the same period was chosen as the control group (non-CRI group).All patients were within 14 days after onset,in which Marfan syndrome was excluded and diagnosis made by computed tomographic angiography (CTA) before the procedure.In 57 patients,EVAR was performed under looal anesthesia and associated procedures included insertion of a chimney stent in the left subclavian artery in 2 case and a bare metal stent in the renl artery in 2,In 3 patients,EVAR was done following right axillary artery-to-left axillary and left subclavian artery bypass with a Y-shaped graft under general anesthesia.Follow-up regimen included renal function and CTA at I month and 1 year postoperatively.Results Compared to the non-CRI group,patients in the CRI grup was significantly younger [ (44.7±13.2) years versus (53.7±16.2)years,P ＜0.05)and had a higher rate of perioperative complications (cerebrospinal ischemia,deterioration of renal dysfunction,and gastroenteral dysfunction) (16.7％ versus 3.3％,P ＜0.05 ),all of which resolved after surgical or medical treatment.One patient in CRI group was readmitted at 6 months for a redo EVAR to treat a new tear distal to the stent.At 1 month and I year postoperatively,no patients suffered from deterioration ofthe renal function,and their CTAs detected no apparent device deformation,alteration and endoleak,with remsrkable improvement in the blood supply of the aortic trie lumen and branches.Conchusion Satisfactory short-term results can be achieved with EVAR for patients with acute type B aortic dissection and CRI.At I month and 1 year postoperatively,no mortality or morbidity occumed such as endoleak,aortic rupture,neurologic and abdominal ischermia.

Objective To summarized the experience of simultaneous aortic operation and coroanry artery bypass graft (CABG).Methods Ninety seven patients who underwent combined aortic operation and CABG were reviewed from January 2009 to December 2011.All patients are divided into four groups according to etiology,63 aortic aneurysm,other 25 aortic dissection,7 coarctation of aorta or occlusion of main branch,and the other two aortic ulcer.Mean age of all patients is(57.6 ±9.5) years.The rate of preoperational diagnosis of coronary disease (CAD) were respectively 93.7％ (59/63),40.0％(10/25),100.0％,100.0％.The patients made the preoperative diagnosis of CAD were performed selective simultaneous CABG with aortic procedures.The others without diagnosis of CAD had to receive urgent CABG during the aortic procedures.Results The aortic procedures with simultaneous urgent CABG had signilicant higher mortality than with selective CABG,16.7％,3.8％,Fisher's exact test P =0.078.Conclusion Selective simultaneous CABG with aortic procedures is safely.In aortic surgery,patients with risk factors of CAD should undergo preoperative coronary artery angiography or spiral computed tomography.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of nerve injury in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and explore the diagnostic value of current perception threshold (CPT) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) for DPN.Methods:One hundred and thirty-six DPN patients admitted to Beijing Puren Hospital from June 2017 to December 2019 were selected, and 130 diabetic non-DPN patients admitted during the same period were used as controls. All the subjects were tested by CPT and NCV. Among them, the detection of NCV included sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) and motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV). Statistical analysis was performed on the relevant indicators of the two groups of subjects.Results:The CPT values of the upper limb median nerve and ulnar nerve at 2 000 Hz, 250 Hz, and 5 Hz, the superficial peroneal nerves at 250 Hz, and 5 Hz, and the CPT values of the sural nerve at 2 000 Hz and 250 Hz were higher than those of non-DPN patients, DPN injury mainly occurred in myelinated nerve fibers in the lower extremities [60.29%(82/136)], and the difference were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The SCV and MCV of the median nerve, ulnar nerve, and common peroneal nerve in the DPN group were lower than those in the non-DPN group, the SCV abnormal rate was higher than the MCV: 55.88%(76/136) vs. 37.50%(51/136); 58.82%(80/136) vs. 41.18% (56/136); 67.65%(92/136) vs. 50.00%(68/136), and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The area under the predictive value curve (AUC) of CPT for DPN was 0.815 (95% CI 0.735 ~ 0.895). The AUC of NCV for DPN was 0.875 (95% CI 0.813 ~ 0.944). The AUC of CPT and NCV for DPN was 0.923 (95% CI 0.876 ~ 0.970). Conclusions:DPT patients have abnormal CPT and NCV, and nerve damage occurs mostly in myelinated nerve fibers and SCV. Diagnosing DPN by combining CPT and NCV is helpful to improve the detection rate of DPN.

Desensitization and acute tolerance are terms used to describe the attenuation of receptor responsiveness by prolonged or intermittent exposure to an agonist. Unlike desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which is commonly explained by steric hindrance caused by the β-arrestins that are translocated to the activated receptors, molecular mechanisms involved in the acute tolerance of GPCRs remain unclear. Our studies with several GPCRs and related mutants showed that the acute tolerance of GPCRs could occur independently of agonist-induced β-arrestin translocation. A series of co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed a correlation between receptor tolerance and interactions among receptors, β-arrestin2, and Gβγ. Gβγ displayed a stable interaction with receptors and β-arrestin2 in cells expressing GPCRs that were prone to undergo tolerance compared to the GPCRs that were resistant to acute tolerance. Strengthening the interaction between Gβγ and β-arrestin rendered the GPCRs to acquire the tendency of acute tolerance. Overall, stable interaction between the receptor and Gβγ complex is required for the formation of a complex with β-arrestin, and determines the potential of a particular GPCR to undergo acute tolerance. Rather than turning off the signal, β-arrestins seem to contribute on continuous signaling when they are in the context of complex with receptor and Gβγ.
Immunoprecipitation ; Receptors, Dopamine D3