Objective To study the breast augmentantion by a large amount of auto fat granule injection. Methods The author selected the fat patients who wanted both breast augmentation and liposection. Large amount of auto fat granule, the fat suspended solution, was obtained from patient's abdomen or buttocks and thighs. The fat suspended solution had been washed by normal saline solution repeatedly, in order to get rid of blood, serum and liquefied fat. Then the auto fat granule solution was injected into breast glands and their underneath and behind pectoral majority muscle. The quantity of fat suspended solution injected was 150～305 ml in each side of breast. Total of 21 cases had been performed by auto fat granule solution injection in our department from Oct.1997 to April 2001. Results Breast augmentation by auto fat granule solution injection were successful and positive, without any complications. The results were satisfied both from patients and surgeons. It showed that the contouring of breast were improved and more chubbiness than that before operation. Conclusions The auto fat granule injection for the breast augmentation is an effective and practical method. It can also be used to inject into the other parts of the body to fill in soft tissue defects.

Objective To investigate the arterial injury in vitro porcine kidney to different size of nephrostomy tracts. Methods The technique of percutaneous nephrostomy was applied to establish 11 groups of different size of nephrostomy tracts from 12 F to 32 F,with 40 tracts in every group.The technique of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used to inspect and analyze arterial injury. Results In the range from 12 F to 32 F,the damage of arterial injury increased with the size of the tract diameter.In groups of 20 F and 32 F,the number of nephrostomy tracts with serious arterial injury was 18 (18/40) and 30 (30/40) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference between groups 18 F、20 F、and 22 F. Conclusions The damage of renal arterial injury increased with the size of the nephrostomy tract.Atract of 20 F reduees arterial injury compared with a tract of 32 F.

Objective:To understand the attitudes of obstetricians and midwives towards the development of nurse practitioner in China.Methods:The phenomenological method in qualitative research was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 24 medical staff in the third-A general hospitals and women and children's hospitals in Guangzhou and Dongguan City. The interview data were analyzed by Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method.Results:Four themes were extracted, namely, unanimous approval attitude, imperfect midwifery discipline and management system, insufficient independent practice capacity, low support and recognition in midwifery area.Conclusions:Obstetricians and midwives hold a positive attitude towards the development of midwifery nurse practitioner. At the same time,its development is restricted in many aspects. They can gradually develop midwife′s legislation, improve the management system, try some prescription rights, and increase the education and talents of midwifery subjects. Cultivation and promotion of social recognition will help gradually train midwifery nurse practitioner in China.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of exosomes derived from remote ischemic conditioning on neurological dysfunction after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat model of cardiac arrest and the relationship with glycocalyx protection.Methods:Exosomes were isolated from the blood of healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats using ultracentrifugation after undergoing remote ischemic conditioning for use as intervention drugs. Nanoparticle tracking analysis technology was used for exosome detection. Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups ( n=12 each) :Sham group, Control group and Exosome group. Cardiac arrest was induced by asphyxia for 7 min in the Control and Exosome groups. Placebo or exosomes (1×10 10 Particles) were infused intravenously at 5 min after the rats had returned of spontaneous circulation. Neuropsychological deficit score (NDS), open field test, Y maze and Morris water maze were used to assess neurological outcomes. The levels of plasma Hyaluronic acid (HA) and syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) were detected by Elisa. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9) in hippocampal CA1 region were detected by Western blot. Results:After undergoing remote ischemic conditioning, the plasma levels of exosomes were elevated in rats compared to normal rats. Compared with the control group, the behavioral experiment of rats in the exosomes group were significantly improved, as evidenced by an increase in horizontal locomotor distance (5.86±2.89 vs. 17.53±5.51, P< 0.05), an increase in the correct rate of spontaneous alternation (13.29±15.07 vs. 42.63±10.25, P< 0.05), and a shortening of avoidance latency (25.83±8.54 vs. 13.49±4.55, P< 0.05). Plasma HA and Sdc-1 levels were significantly lower 24 h after resuscitation (HA: 26.34±9.83 vs. 14.84±6.26, P< 0.05; Sdc-1: 0.05±0.03 vs. 0.02±0.02, P<0.05), along with significantly lower MMP-2/9 levels in hippocampal tissue. Conclusions:Exosomes extracted from the plasma of rats undergoing remote ischemic conditioning can improve neurological dysfunction after cardiac arrest in rats, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of metalloproteinases and the reduction of endothelial glycocalyx degradation.