ObjectiveTo investigate changes of the cellular immune function in the elderly patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after chemotherapy.Methods T-lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cell were detected in 29 elderly patients with NSCLC,20 adults with NSCLC and 22 healthy elderly,and their levels were compared between pre-chemotherapy and at the end of 2 cycles of chemotherapy in the elderly patients with NSCLC.ResultsThe levels of CD3,CD4,CD8,CD4/CD8andNK cell were (58.9±15.8),(32.3±12.7),(22.0±9.8),(1.3±0.7),(21.6± 7.7),respectively in the elderly patients with NSCLC,(65.9 ± 7.2),(38.5 ± 7.6),(23.1 ± 9.2),(1.5±0.7),(16.8±6.2),respectively in adults with NSCLC and (67.3±9.0),(39.0±7.8),(23.9±9.3),(2.0±1.6),(22.5±5.8),respectively in healthy elderly.The levels of CD3 and CD4 were decreased (t=2.109,2.159,P＜0.05) and NK cell was increased (t=2.273,P＜0.05) while CD8 and CD4/CD8 had no difference(t = 0.406,0.736,P＞ 0.05 ) in the elderly patients with NSCLC as compared with adults with NSCLC.The levels of CD3,CD4,and CD4/CD8 were lower (t = 2.234,2.200,2.016,all P＜ 0.05) in elderly patients with NSCLC than in healthy elderly,with no significant change in the levels of CD8 and NK cell(t= 0.700,0.474,P＞0.05) between the two groups.The levels of CD3 (51.6 ±10.3)was reduced(t=2.067,P＜0.05) and CD4 (31.7 ± 11.7),CD8(21.6 ± 6.5),CD4/CD8 (1.3 ± 0.7),NK cell (26.0 ±12.7)had no remarkable difference (t =0.186,0.180,0.289,1.570,all P＞ 0.05)after chemotherapy in elderly patients with NSCLC.ConclusionsThe cellular immune function in the elderly patients with NSCLC is lower than in adults with NSCLC and healthy elderly,and further decreases after chemotherapy.

The effects on frozen-thawed sperm survival rate of 16 different cryoprotective media containing different ratio of glycerol (0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7%) and sucrose (0,25,50 and 100 mmol/L) were compared. The results showed that glycerol-sucrose cryoprotective media had better effect on cryoprotection of spermatozoa than that of traditional glycerol protective medium, and appropriately increasing the concentration of sucrose and decreasing the concentration of glycerol could improve sperm motility, and especially benefit to preserve sperm linear motility at 12h postthawed. Using 5% glycerol combined with 50 mmol/L sucrose as cryoprotective medium, the sperm survival rate at 0, 6, 12h postthawed was 85.38%, 51.22%, 33.38%, respectively, the linear moving sperm survival rate was 83.74%, 33.33%, 18.38% respectively.

Objective To demonstrate the pharmacokinetic characters of cisplatin in isolated prefusion of dog pelvic.Methods Pelvic isolated perfusion with the balloon occlusion was performed in 11 dogs.Blood samples of perfusion and non-perfusion regions were assayed for platinum using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Pharmacokinetic characters of cisplatin were analized. Results C_(pel max) 30.3 ?g/ml,and C_(sys max) 4.8 ?g/ml,and AUC_(pel 0～25min) 330 ?g/ml?min were observed in perfusion area.AUC_(sys 0～25min) in non-perfusion area was 56 ?g/ml?min. Conclusions Balloon catheter-mediated pelvic I-P has favorable pharmacokinetic characters for chemotherapeutics and therefore should be an alternative method to treat pelvic neoplasma.

Objective To investigate the cellular immune function changes and the effect of thymosin alpha-1 on the changes in elderly patients with severe pneumonia. Methods T cell subset and natural killer (NK) cell were detected in 66 elderly patients with severe pneumonia and 34 elderly patients with common pneumonia. The severe pneumonia patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: the treatment groups (34 cases) and the control group (32 cases). All patients received conventional therapy of pneumonia. The treatment group received 1.6 mg of thymosin alpha-1 through subcutaneous injection once a day for a week and twice a week later. Results The levels of CD3, CD4, CD8 and NK cell were lower in elderly patients with severe pneumonia than in patients with common pneumonia [(43.54%±18.97%) vs. (45.46%±10.43%), (25.43%±12.72%) vs. (38.47%±8.20%), (16.68%±9.30%) vs. (22.36%±8.06%), (13.52%±4.66%) vs. (17.87%±7.11%), t=-6.779、-5.85、-3.161、-3.285 respectively all P＜0.05]. The levels of CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8 and NK cell increased significantly after treatment in treatment group [(64.22%±5.53%) vs. (61.53%±13.41%), (31.70%±4.38%) vs. (26.07%±4.31%), (1.27%±0.91%) vs. (0.97%±0.22%), (17.67%±4.56%) vs. (15.44%±3.82%), F=5.591,11.526,8.934,4.564 respectively, all P＜0.05]. The duration of antibiotic injection and length of stay were lower in treatment group than in control group [(14.17±2.51) d vs. (14.42±2.79) d, (12.69±2.80) d vs. (15.04±3.58) d, t=-3.152、-2.690 respectively, all P＜0.05]. Conclusions The immune function of the elderly patients with severe pneumonia is lower. Thymosin alpha-1 can improve the immune function of the elder patients with severe pneumonia and is helpful for controlling an infection.

ObjectiveTo determine the reference range of liver stiffness in healthy population, and to investigate the influence of age and sex on liver stiffness. MethodsA total of 1794 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination in China National Petroleum Corporation Central Hospital from October 1, 2012 to October 31, 2014 were enrolled, and FibroScan was used to perform liver stiffness measurement (LSM). Since LSM value was not normally distributed, the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare LSM value between male and female patients, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare LSM value between different age groups, and the Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between LSM value and age. The one-sided percentile method was used to determine the range of normal reference values in male and female subjects or in different age groups. ResultsLSM was successfully performed in 1590 patients, and the rate of successful measurement was 88.63%. A total of 107 patients were excluded due to abnormal liver enzymes. The analysis showed that LSM value showed a significant difference between male and female subjects (Z=-4.980, P＜0.001), as well as between different age groups (χ2=16.983, P=0.001). Age was positively correlated with LSM value (r=0.087, P=0.001). The reference range was estimated to be ≤7.1 kPa in adults, ≤7.0 kPa in females, and ≤7.2 kPa in males. From the perspective of age, the reference range was estimated to be ≤6.8 kPa in persons aged 20-29 years, ≤6.7 kPa in persons aged 30-44 years, ≤7.8 kPa in persons aged 45-59 years, and ≤8.8 kPa in persons aged 60-74 years. ConclusionLiver stiffness value is influenced by sex and age. Sex and age should be taken into account while performing liver stiffness measurement in healthy subjects.

Objective:To measure liver and spleen stiffness in patients with BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms and analyze their clinical significance.Methods:Fifteen healthy volunteers and 27 patients with BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms underwent liver and spleen thickness measurements using FibroScan 502 Touch medical device between June 2018 and June 2020 in Hebei Petro China Central Hospital and they were included in this study. Liver and spleen stiffness was correlated with clinical laboraty indicators.Results:Liver stiffness, spleen stiffness, and the difference between spleen stiffness and liver stiffness in patients with BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms were significantly greater than those in healthy controls [(6.34 ± 2.22) kPa vs. (5.07 ± 1.27) kPa; (26.00 ± 10.66) kPa vs. (13.61 ± 5.64) kPa; (19.65 ± 10.37) kPa vs. (8.54 ± 5.33) kPa, t = -2.01, -4.30, -4.06, all P < 0.05]. Platelet count was negatively correlated with liver and spleen stiffness ( r = -0.39, -0.42). White blood cell count was negatively correlated with the difference between spleen stiffness and liver stiffness ( r = -0.40, P < 0.05). The uric acid level was negatively correlated with liver stiffness ( r = -0.54, P < 0.05), but it was positively correlated with spleen thickness ( r = 0.41, P < 0.05). The percentage of B lymphocytes among lymphocytes was negatively correlated with spleen stiffness and the difference between spleen stiffness and liver stiffness ( r= -0.56, -0.56, both P < 0.05). The percentage of diseased megakaryocytes was positively correlated with spleen stiffness ( r = 0.40, P < 0.05). The percentage of sideroblasts was negatively correlated with liver stiffness ( r = -0.44, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Spleen stiffness and liver stiffness are closely related to clinical indicators in patients with BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, including white blood cell count, platelet count, uric acid level, percentage of B lymphocytes, diseased megakaryocytes and sideroblasts. Dynamic monitoring of liver and spleen stiffnesses or in combination with bone marrow examination in future can help evaluate the condition of patients with BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms.

To effectively urge students to preview lessons before class, carry out efficient precise interactive teaching in class and make an accurate analysis on the teaching effect after class, Rain Classroom was utilized to construct a high-efficient interactive precision before-class-in-class-after-class teaching mode for physiology teaching. A questionnaire survey was conducted for the students, and the results show that the students are very fond of the teaching mode supported by Rain Classroom. The mode effectively promotes the students' daily study and the interaction between teachers and students, makes teachers accurately grasp the students' situation and perform scientific and precise teaching, enhances the teaching efficiency and improves the teaching effect.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes and correction effects of kyphosis between Zero-profile device (Zero-p) and plate/cage structures (PCC) in treating cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients with cervical kyphosis.Methods:From August 2016 to July 2018, a total of 54 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients with cervical kyphosis were analyzed retrospectively, including 26 cases treated with Zero-p and 28 cases treated with PCC system. There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and operative segment. The operation duration and the blood loss were recorded. The clinical outcomes of the patients were measured by visual analogue score (VAS) for neck pain and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score for neurological function. Moreover, JOA recovery rate was obtained to assess the surgical results. The cervical lordosis (C 2-C 7 Cobb angle), the Cobb angle of the operation segment, the C 2-C 7 vertical axis (C 2 SVA) and the cervical range of motion (ROM) were measured on the lateral and dynamic radiographs of the cervical spine, respectively. Results:In the Zero-p group, the operation duration was 83.0±14.9 (range 60-120) min, intraoperative blood loss was 70.5±27.3 (range 30-150) ml. In PCC group, the operation duration was 100.0±23.9 (range 65-145) min, intraoperative blood loss was 104.2±38.8 (range 30-250) ml. There were significant difference in above parameters between two groups ( t=3.40, 2.06; P=0.00, 0.04). The follow-up duration in Zero-p group was 30.4±5.8 (range 24-36) months and 31.2±4.9 (range 24-36) months in PCC group without significant difference ( t=1.061, P=0.291). The VAS/JOA score of the Zero-p group was improved from (5.9±1.0)/(9.2±1.7) preoperatively to (2.1±0.8)/(14.9±1.0) at 1 month postoperatively, and to (3.4±1.0)/(15.1±0.9) at the last follow-up. The difference between them was statistically significant ( F=130.96, 221.40, P=0.00). The VAS/JOA score of the PCC group was improved from (5.9±1.1)/(8.7±1.6) preoperatively to (2.3±0.9)/(14.9±1.0) at 1 month after surgery, and to (2.6±0.9)/(15.6±1.1) at the last follow-up. The difference between them was statistically significant ( F=303.35, 126.64, P=0.00). However, the VAS score of neck pain in the Zero-p group at the last follow-up was significantly deteriorated, which was significantly higher than that in PCC group ( P<0.05). The cervical lordosis/operative segment Cobb angle in the Zero-p group was improved from preoperative (-6.7°±2.7°)/(-6.5°±3.2°) preoperatively to (14.2°±4.9°)/(12.9°±4.9°) at 1 month postoperatively, and to (5.9°±4.7°)/(5.0°±4.0°) at the last follow-up with statistical significance ( F=196.98, 179.97, P=0.00). The cervical lordosis/operative segment Cobb angle in the PCC group was improved from (-5.7°±3.5°)/(-6.1°±4.0°) preoperatively to (13.9°±6.9°)/(13.0°±6.4°) 1 month after surgery, and to (11.0°±5.5°)/(10.4°±5.6°) at the last follow-up with statistical significance ( F=127.27, 119.98, P=0.00). However, the cervical lordosis and operative segment Cobb angle at the last follow-up in the Zero-p group were significantly lost compared with those at 1 month after surgery, which were significantly smaller than those in the PCC group ( P<0.05). The incidence of dysphagia after operation was 7.7% (2/26) in the Zero-p group and 28.6% (8/28) in the PCC group (χ 2=5.11, P=0.02). Conclusion:For CSM patients with cervical kyphosis, PCC could achieve much better mid-term kyphotic correction and clinical outcomes. However, Zero-p should be avoided as much as possible.

Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) sensing protein that can recognize the dsDNA released during cell disturbance and pathogen invasion and trigger the activation of inflammasome cascade. Activation of inflammasomes leads to the maturation and release of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and interleukin-18), induces pyroptosis, and initiate innate immune response. Among these inflammasomes, AIM2 and its mechanism of action and clinical significance in liver diseases has become a research hotspot at present. This article summarizes and discusses the importance of AIM2 in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis B virus infection, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, so as to provide new ideas and a reference for clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE To assess the correlation between the steady-state minimal concentration （cmin） and 24 h area under the drug concentration-time curve （AUC24）/minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） ratio （AUC24/MIC） of vancomycin in pediatric patients， and analyze independent risk factors for treatment failure. METHODS Data of hospitalized children treated with vancomycin and receiving therapeutic drug monitoring in our hospital from January 2021 to July 2024 were retrospectively collected and divided into success group and failure group according to whether the treatment was successful or not. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between cmin and AUC24/MIC of vancomycin， and one-way and multifactorial Logistic regression analyses were used to screen the independent risk factors for vancomycin treatment failure. RESULTS A total of 59 children were included， with 41 in the success group and 18 in the failure group. Compared with the failure group， AUC24/MIC of vancomycin was significantly higher in the success group （P＝0.038）， but there was no statistically significant difference in the cmin of the two groups （P＞0.05）； cmin of vancomycin was significantly positively correlated with AUC24/MIC （r＝0.499， P＜0.001）， but it has a certain efficacy in predicting the achievement of the AUC24/MIC standard （≥400） （area under the receiver operator characteristic curve＝0.696）， with an optimal cutoff value of 6.05 mg/L determined by the Youden index. The efficacy of AUC24/ MIC in predicting treatment failure was superior to cmin （areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve were 0.671 vs. 0.523， P were 0.038 vs. 0.684）， with higher sensitivity （83.3% vs. 66.7%）. Hypoproteinemia and AUC24/MIC≤369.1 were independent risk factors for vancomycin treatment failure （P＜0.05）. The incidence of nephrotoxicity was 3.4%. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant positive correlation between cmin and AUC24/MIC of vancomycin in pediatric patients； hypoproteinemia and AUC24/MIC≤369.1 are independent risk factors for vancomycin treatment failure in children.