Objective To explore the effects of hyperglycemia and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on the differentiation of macrophage derived THP-1 monocytes. Methods THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cell line was cultured in vitro, and the differentiation of THP-1 cells into macrophages was induced by phorbol esters. The macrophages were then incubated with the absence of D-glucose and ox-LDL (control group), 30 mmol/L D-glucose (hyperglycemia group), 100 μg/mL ox-LDL (ox-LDL group) or 30 mmol/L D-glucose and 100 μg/mL ox-LDL(G-ox-LDL group) for 24 h. High performance liquid chromatography was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of intracellular cholesterol and cholesteryl esters. Both light microscope with red oil O staining technique and transmission electron microscope were employed to observe the morphology of treated and control THP-1 cells. Results A large number of intracellular red oil O stained granules and lipid vacuoles were observed in ox-LDL group and G-ox-LDL group, the contents of total cholesterol and cholesteryl esters were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05), and the contents of cholesteryl esters were higher than 50% of total cholesterol in both groups. However, only a few intracellular red oil O stained granules and lipid vacuoles were observed in control group and hyperglycemia group, there was no significant difference in the contents of total cholesterol and choleateryl esters between control group and hyperglycemia group (P>0.05), and the contents of cholesteryl esters were less than 50% of total cholesterol in both groups. Conclusion Foam cells form when THP-1 cells are incubated with ox-LDL, while hyperglycemia alone can not convert THP-1 cells to foam cells, indicating that ox-LDL is necessary for the macrophages derived THP-1 monocytes to turn into foam cells.

In an attempt to overcome the limitations of titanium in dental and orthopaedic clinical applications, a new method has been developed to prepare calcium carbonate coatings on sandblasted and acid-etched (SA) titanium implants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of calcium carbonate-SA (CC-SA) implants on osseointegration in vivo. The surfaces of SA and CC-SA implants were characterised for surface morphology and surface chemistry. Subsequently, these two kinds of implants were implanted in the femoral condyles of rabbits. The implants were retrieved and prepared for histological and histomorphometric evaluation 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after implantation. Significantly higher values of bone-to-implant contact of the entire implant except the gap area (BIC_ALL) and the bone-to-implant contact of the gap area (BIC_GAP) were found in animals with the CC-SA implants than in those with the SA implants at 4 weeks. Higher values of total gap bone were found in those with the CC-SA implants than in those with the SA implants at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. In conclusion, the current findings demonstrate that the calcium carbonate coating can improve and accelerate the early ingrowth of bone and osseointegration at the early healing phase. This may reduce clinical healing times and thus improve implant success rates.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between impaired fasting glucose and the extent and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease( CAD ) in patients who underwent coronary angiography.Methods A total of 630 consecutivc patients who underwent coronary angiography were selected in the stndy.The extent and severity of angiographic CAD were diagnosed based on the followings:whether or not with CAD diagnosis by angiography,the number of diseased vessels,the CAD Gensini cumulative index.According to fasting plasma glucose ( FPG),all patients were divided into three group,group 1 ( FPG ＜5.6 mmol/L),group 2 ( 5.6 mmol/L ≤ FPC ＜ 6.1 mmol/L) and group 3 ( 6.1 mmol/L ≤ FPG ＜ 7.0mmol/L).The CHD risk factors and the lesion degree of coronary arteries were compared among three groups.The relation of FPG and CAD were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses.Results The incidence of CH and,the CAD Gensini cumulative index and the incidence of mult-vessel lesions were significantly different among the three subgroups ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).After adjusting other inffluencing factors,there were significantly positive correlation between the number of diseased vessels and the CAD Gensini cumulative index and FPG( P ＜0.05).The FPG had significant correlation with the diagnosis or not of CAD by angiography( OR =3.042,95％ CI:2.589 -6.275,P ＜0.01).Conclusions In prediabetic period,the extent and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease have significant correlations with the impaired fasting glucose,and the extent and severity can increase along with the increasing FPG.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of pulmonary rehabilitation therapy including respiratory exercise and vibration expectoration on patients with pulmonary infection after abdominal surgery.Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted.Seventy-six patients with pulmonary infection after abdominal surgery admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University from September 2015 to September 2016 were enrolled.According to whether accept the pulmonary rehabilitation therapy or not,the patients were divided into two groups.In the control group (n =35),the convemional expectoration method was adopted.The patients in pulmonary rehabilitation group (n =41) received both methods of the control group and pulmonary rehabilitation treatment,including respiratory exercise (effective cough,lip reduction breathing),respiratory exercise device (respiratory exerciser tri-ball),and vibrated expectoration.The 24-hour sputum volume,degree of comfort,inflammatory and pulmonary function parameters,and recovery situation were recorded in the two groups.Results ① There were no significant differences in the parameters of inflammation and pulmonary function before treatment between the two groups.After treatment,the white blood cell (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in both groups were significantly decreased,and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) were significantly increased.The above changes in pulmonary rehabilitation group were more significant than those of the control group [WBC (× 109/L):11.12 ± 2.88 vs.13.42 ± 2.62 at 3 days,8.22 ± 1.48 vs.9.27 ± 1.92 at 5 days;CRP (mg/L):13.47 ± 4.77vs.16.03±4.94 at 3 days,9.69±1.56 vs.11.77±1.41 at 5 days;FEV1 (L):2.48±0.14 vs.2.29±0.16 at 3 days,FEV1/FVC:0.78±0.04 vs.0.75±0.04 at 3 days;all P ＜ 0.05].② The 24-hour sputum volume within 3 days of pulmonary rehabilitation group were significantly higher than that of the control group (mL:30.51 ± 4.15 vs.18.30 ± 3.64at 1 day,31.08±3.22 vs.20.37±3.20 at 2 days,29.03±2.55 vs.19.03±2.51 at 3 days,all P ＜ 0.01].③ In the pulmonary rehabilitation group,the recovery time of pulmonary infection symptoms (days:5.44 ± 1.45 vs.6.20 ± 1.55),the days of antibiotic use (days:12.61 ± 3.15 vs.15.03 ± 3.78),the time of getting out of the bed (days:4.05 ± 0.74vs.4.51±0.89),and the hospital days (days:19.95±3.90 vs.22.00±4.42) were significantly shorter than those of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05),and the degree of comfort was significantly better than that of the control group (comfort score:2.71 ±0.90 vs.2.14±0.91,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The application of pulmonary rehabilitation including respiratory exercise and vibration expectoration in abdominal surgery patients with pulmonary infection can promote recovery,and it has a good clinical and practical application value.

The contents of two lignans, namely 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin and podophyllotoxin in cultivated and wild Sinopodophyllum hexandrum plants were extracted by ultrasonicaction and determined by HPLC. According to the result showed, the order of parts of cultivated plants containing 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin from high to low is as follows: stem > root, no 4'-demethypodophyllotoxin was detected in leaves of cultivated plants; The order of parts of wild plants 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin from high to low is as follows: lateral root > petiole > rhizome > leaf, no 4'-demethypodophyllotoxin was detected in fruit. The order of parts of cultivated and wild S. hexandrum containing podophyllotoxin from high to low is as follows: root > petiole > leaf ( > fruit). Both of the lignan contents in different parts of cultivated plant varied in a " W" curve with the changes in seasons, with the highest content in July.
Berberidaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Lignans ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Seasons

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of prevention and treatment of post-PTCA restenosis with Xinmaitong (XMT).

METHODSRabbit carotid endothelial injury model was established using Fishman air drying method. Effect of XMT on model rabbits wild-type p53 gene expression was observed by tissue in situ hybridization.

RESULTSp53 gene expression appeared on the 3 days after operation, enhanced on the 7 days, reached the peak on the 14th day, weakened on the 21th, and still showed on the 28th day. The strongest expression was shown in rabbits treated by XMT, second in those treated by Warfarin, and the weakest in the operated control group.

CONCLUSIONXMT could promote the high expression of wild-type p53 gene expression in rabbit with carotid endothelial injury, which is possibly one of the important mechanism of XMT in preventing and treating arterial restenosis.

Animals ; Carotid Arteries ; pathology ; Coronary Restenosis ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phytotherapy ; Rabbits ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the effect and mechanism of methyl protodioscin (MPD), an active ingredients of yamogenin, in protecting cardiomyocytes (CMC) against anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury.

METHODSCultured CMCs of neonatal SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, cells in Group A were untreated normal cells, cells in Group B and C were made to injury CMC model by A/R, and only those in Group C were treated with MPD. Levels of ATPase activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cell membrane of CMCs were determined. Besides, the mRNA expression of sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) in MPD treated CMCs was detected.

RESULTSAs compared with Group B, the degree of CMC injury was significantly milder and the activities of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase were higher in Group C after cells were treated with MPD in concentration of 10 microg/mL and 50 microg/mL. The mRNA expression of NCX in CMCs was down-regulated after MPD treatment (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMPD could maintain the low calcium internal environment in CMCs by way of protecting the membranous function of Na+ -pump and Ca2+ -pump, and influencing the Ca2+ transmembrane transportation in CMCs.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Diosgenin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo compare therapeutic effects of locking plates for the treatment of Neer 3-and 4-part proximal humerus fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to June 2011, 64 patients with Neer 3-and 4-part proximal humerus fractures were treated with locked plate fixation. There were 39 patients in the 3-part group including 16 males and 23 females, with an average age of (55.12 +/- 12.52) years old; and 25 patients in the 4-part fractures group including 9 males and 16 females,with an average age of (57.92 +/- 13.14) years old. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (ASES), visual analogue scale (VAS) and complications were documented for analysis before and after treatment.

RESULTSAll the patients had incision healing at the first stage. All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 30 months, with a mean of 16.5 months. Comparably better shoulder function recovery was achieved in the 3-part fractures group with regard to the ASES (76.14 +/- 14.10 in the 3-part fractures group vs. 65.93 +/- 11.82 in the 4-part fractures group, P < 0.05). Moreover,a statistical difference (P < 0.05) was observed regarding the VAS pain score (2.12 +/- 1.63 in the 3-part fractures group vs. 3.90 +/- 2.21 in the 4-part fractures group). For the complications rate,no statistical difference was noted between 3-part fractures group and 4-part fractures group (20.51% vs. 36.00%).

CONCLUSIONThe clinical outcomes of the 3-part proximal humerus fractures is better than the 4-part fractures proximal humerus fractures treated with locking plate. Complex proximal humeral fractures treated with locking plates can be achieved a satisfactory outcome when attention is paid to anatomic reduction, stable fixation, proper screws and plate placement, and reasonable functional exercise postoperative.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Shoulder Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Aristolochic Acids ; adverse effects ; Child ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrosis ; chemically induced

Animals ; Carcinogens ; toxicity ; Female ; Lung Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urethane ; toxicity