Malignant pleural effusion is caused by the pleural invasion of malignant tumors such as lung cancer, or by primary pleural tumors. It is a troublesome and debilitating complication of advanced malignancies. If malignant pleural effusion is not treated in time, the average life span of these patients is only several months. An effective treatment can improve the quality of life and prolong the average life spans.

Matrix matalloprotenases-12(MMP-12) is a member of the matrix matalloprotenases family,and it is a main mediator to degradate the extracellular matrix. MMP-12 is composed of an propeptide domain, a catalytic domain and hemopexin-like domain. The function of MMP-12 include the genetic transcription and inhibitor regulation. Overexpress of MMP-12 causes pathological extracellular matrix protein breakdown and excessive airway remodeling,and MMP-12 is impotant in the pathogenesis of the acute and chronic lung injury,which has been implicated in a range of respiratory diseases, including asthma and emphysema.

Phospholipase C(PLC) is a kind of hydrolase for phosphoinositide(PI),which plays a vital role in life activity as a second messenger.It can prohibit hematoblast from aggregating.PLC indwells the prokaryote and eukaryote,especially those existing in bacteria draw great attention since it can simulate the action in eukaryote.In this article,we describe the basic mechanism of cloning,refolding,expressing of PLC,and the purification of recombinant PLC. At the same time,we report our study briefly,and we wish the recombinant PLC will be developed into a new medicine of anti-aggregation to platelet.

BACKGROUND:Unicompartment knee replacement is more popular for smal trauma, rapid recovery, low complication and almost normal knee mechanics, and has been more and more used in clinic to repair single compartment knee disease. At present, there is no report about the influence of the angle of the single condyle prosthesis on the survival rate. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of unicompartmental knee replacement for medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee in 4-6 years of fol ow-up. METHODS:Thirty patients with medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee were treated by unicompartmental knee replacement with Oxford system. Complication occurrence was observed. Curative effects were evaluated with Hospital for Special Surgery score before and 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. On anteroposterior view, the varus/valgus alignments of the tibial components were measured relative to the long axis of the tibia. On lateral view, flexion/extension of the femoral component was measured relative to the posterior femoral cortex. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Primary healing of incision was obtained in al patients, and no infection or lower limb deep venous thrombosis occurred. (2) Al of the patients were fol owed up for 48-72 months. There was no prosthetic loosening, dislocation or revision for contralateral compartment and patel ofemoral joint symptoms. (3) Hospital for Special Surgery score was significantly increased to (90.47±4.05) (P=0.00). (4) Tibial placement angle of single condyle prosthesis:The axis of the prosthesis was perpendicular to the axis of the tibia in 21 cases. Varus placement:2° in 1 case, 4° in 3 cases, 5° in 2 cases, 6° in 2 cases, and 10° in 1 case. No valgus occurred in the tibial side. (5) Femoral prosthesis placement angle:The axis of the femoral prosthesis was paral el to the posterior edge of the femoral cortex in 22 cases, on the flexed position:4° in 2 cases, 5° in 1 case, 6° in 1 case and 7° in 1 case;in the extension position:3° in 1 case, 4° in 1 case and 5° in 1 case. (6) Results suggested that the unilateral condylar replacement for the repair of medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee has a good initial effect. The middle-term and long-term efficacy needs longer fol ow-up study.

The current drug non-clinical safety evalua-tion has been highly systematized and standardized, but the standard toxicology model is still some inade-quacies, need to consider other animal models of safety evaluation. This paper will expound the need of animal disease models using in safety evaluation from the as-pect of scientific theories, data requirements and the need of clinical. Then recognizing on the perspective of drug regulatory agencies to explore the feasibility of u-sing animal disease models for safety evaluation and the deficiencies, in order to predict as accurately as possi-ble of the adverse drug reactions in clinical, applied to reduce the risk of clinical patients ( patients benefit ) , and reduce the risk of drug development failures ( pharmaceutical companies benefit ) . All in all we should attach great importance to the applications of animal disease models in non-clinical safety evalua-tion.

Objective To analyze CT images and clinical manifestation of cerebral infarction and discuss diagnostic value to improve early diagnosis. Methods 124 cerebral infarction cases which have suffered in our hospital were researched. Results The shapes of ischemic infarct were round, oval and streak, but the shapes of temporal lobe focus were mostly lamellar irregular, low density and little occupying-effect. Hemorrhagic infarcts of forehead and parietal lobe were fanlike or irregular and low density area with mottling high density. Conclusion Cerebral arterial thrombosis was relative closely to hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The cerebral infarctions almost occur in basal ganglia. Lobe of brain, cerebellum and brainstem is key part so that explains basal ganglia of penetrating branch cerebral arteries were high site of ischemic cerebral artery disease Mutilation rate and mortality may be reduced by CT examine in time and linked to clinical thrombolysis and intervention treatment.

Objective To investigate the changes in BIS values induced by TCI of sufentanil at different target concentrations (Cr) during propofol anesthesia. Methods Fifty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-57 yr undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10 each) based on CTof sufentanil: 0.07, 0.10, 0.14, 0.20 and 0.28 ng/ml. BIS, ECG, HR, MAP, SpO2, PET CO2 were continuously monitored. Anesthesia was induced with propofol TCI. The initial target plasma concentration (Cp) was set at 3.0 μg/ml. If the patient remained conscious 5 rain after the equilibrium between Cp and target effect-site concentration (Ce) was achieved, the Cp of propofol was increasing in increments of 0.3 μg/ml until consciousness was lost (LOC). Propofoi TCI was maintained at this level and Cp and Ce were recorded. TCI of safentanil was then started at the different Cp set in the 5 groups. When the equilibrium between Cp and Ce of safentanil was achieved, tracheal intubation was facilitated with succinyl choline 1.5 mg/kg and the patients were mechanically ventilated (VT= 8-10 mi/kg, RR = 8-12 bpm, PETCO2 = 30-35 mm Hg). BIS value, HR, MAP, SP and DP were recorded before induction of anesthesia at LOC (T0) and 1,2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 min after sufentanil TCI was started. Results There was no significant difference in Cp and Ce of propofol at LOC (T0) among the 5 groups. BIS value was decreasing after the beginning of TCI of sufentanil and was significantly lower than the BIS value at T0. The changes in BIS value was negatively correlated with the Cp and Ce of sufentanil. Conclusion TCI of sufentanil can decrease BIS value further during propofol anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the coagulation and fibrinolytie system changes in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients with and without portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Method Twenty-six cases of LC with PVT (PVT group) and 61 eases of LC without PVT (control group) were chosen. Platelet(Pt), prothrpmbin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrin (Fib), D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-l) were determined. SPSS 11.5software was used for statistic analysis. Results In PVT group, the average level of D-dimer was (0.97±0.53 ) mg/L,signifieantly higher than that in control group (0.61±0.40) mg/L. No significant difference was found between the two groups in Pt PT, APTT, Fib, t-PA and PAI-1. PT and APTT were progressively prolonged from Child-Pugh grade A to B and then to C. Fib was progressively decreased from Child-Pugh grade A to B and then to C. Decreased Pt and increased t-PA, PAI-1 were found in LC patients, but had no sighifieant difference. Conclusions The changes determined of coagulation and fibrinolytie system in patients with LC are abnormal. The average level of D-dimer is higher in LC patients with PVT than that in LC patients without PVT. D-dimer may be a helpful tool to rule out the presence of an underlying PVT in LC patients.

0.05),and the costs were 441.28,436.63,543.55 and 437.89 yuan respectively,showing no significant difference compared among Group A,B and D,but the cost in Group C was 20% higher than in other groups.CONCLUSION: Scheme C is recommended only when scheme A,B and D are invalid(such as the patients are allergic to Amoxicillin or Furazolidone or resistant to Metronidazole).

OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for the development of training mode for pharmaceutical monitoring personnel in China.METHODS:The training mode of Office of Regulatory Affair University(ORA U) was introduced to analyze the difference of training mode for pharmaceutical monitoring personnel between China and America.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:America has established a systematic,continuous and uniform pharmaceutical monitoring personnel training system,which is more flexible and advanced than that in China.Our country could draw experiences from the training mode of FDA personnel to develop uniform and diversified training system with suitable budget mechanism.