The recent report "The Consensus Coding Sequences of Human Breast and Colorectal Cancers"published in Science represents the first unbiased systematic mutational analysis of human genome at any disease states after the completion of The Human Genome Project. It was tentatively discussed how to take advantage of the candidate cancer genes found in this study in discovery of novel targets of therapeutic drugs. In addition, the penitential values of the candidate cancer genes in identification of patients at high risk of cancer, and in renewing classification of tumors based on underlying molecular mechanisms are introduced.

Objective To analyze CT images and clinical manifestation of cerebral infarction and discuss diagnostic value to improve early diagnosis. Methods 124 cerebral infarction cases which have suffered in our hospital were researched. Results The shapes of ischemic infarct were round, oval and streak, but the shapes of temporal lobe focus were mostly lamellar irregular, low density and little occupying-effect. Hemorrhagic infarcts of forehead and parietal lobe were fanlike or irregular and low density area with mottling high density. Conclusion Cerebral arterial thrombosis was relative closely to hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The cerebral infarctions almost occur in basal ganglia. Lobe of brain, cerebellum and brainstem is key part so that explains basal ganglia of penetrating branch cerebral arteries were high site of ischemic cerebral artery disease Mutilation rate and mortality may be reduced by CT examine in time and linked to clinical thrombolysis and intervention treatment.

Readiness for hospital discharge is an important measure to ensure the safety of patient discharge. Evaluating the readiness for hospital discharge can help medical staff to avoid premature discharge of patients and to reduce the incidence of complications and readmission rate. This paper reviews the concept, content and tools of assessment, and the research interests and fields of discharge readiness, so as to provide help and support for further research.

Objective To investigate the effects of estrogen on extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2(ERK1/2) phosphorylation levels in hippocampal CA4 region of ovariectomized rats. Methods Experimental female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: intact (INT) group, ovariectomized (OVX) group, and OVX+estrogen (1 mg/kg, weekly) group. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to measure the estrogen content in plasma, and the levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation were measured with immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the control animals, the plasma estrogen level was significantly lower in OVX group (P＜0.001). However, the plasma estrogen level was higher in the OVX+estrogen group than that of the OVX group (P＜0.001). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) substances were present in the nucleus and cytosol of neurons. Compared with the control group, immunostaining positive cells markedly decreased in OVX group, with light nucleus and cytosol staining in the hippocampal CA4 region (P＜0.001). The phospho-ERK1/2 positive neurons increased more obviously in OVX+estrogen group than in the OVX group (P＜0.001). Conclusion Estrogen can increase ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels in hippocampi of aging female rats, which suggests that the ERK signal transduction pathway may be regulated by estrogen during the process of aging.

Objective: To discuss the clinical effect of the treatment of metaphyseal cancellous bone fracture with fragment fixation system implants(FFS).Methods:Thirty patients treated with FFS were reviewed.Results:The patients were followed up for 7～　24 months (8.7 months in average).The fractures in all cases were healed in 6 months and the function recovered or nearly reeovered. Conclusion:By traction with FFS to treat this kind of fracture,the fractures and joint function recovered.The operation is simple and trauma is little.

It is very frequent that patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty ( TKA) suffer a severe pain from the bone cutting and soft tissue balance procedures postoperatively .In addition , pain control is the key point of the rehabilitation after surgery . Therefore, establishing an effective method to decrease the pain should be considered as a priority .Femoral nerve block (FNB), as a common and effective peripheral nerve block after TKA , affects the strength of quadriceps femoris and the postoperative recovery . Adductor canal block (ACB), targeting at the saphenous nerve , is proved to be as effective as FNB in pain control , and has less influence on the quadriceps strength .However , considering about the short time following up , the expansion of local anesthesia drug and few reports in China , the application of ACB in TKA needs further study .

WHO has issued three editions of pathologic classification of bladder urothelial carcinoma in 1973,1999 and 2004.The 1973 version classification had been widely and the longest applied.However,WHO 2004 classification had been prevalent in past years.There were two issues in the applications of WHO 2004 classification.On one hand,there were some difficulties in quick grading in a given case.On the other hand,there were some misunderstandings in the conversion of different WHO classification.In this article,the changes of different pathologic classification of bladder urothelial carcinoma were reviewed and the outline of different pathologic classification was generalized.The criterion of all the systems was cell anaplasia.In WHO 1973 version classification,the definition of the various grades was vague.It was relatively precise in WHO 1999 classification.However,the grading of Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ in WHO 1999 classification still remained confusions.The major changes in WHO 2004 classification was that this system divided urothelial carcinoma into low-and high-grade,which may solve the heterogenesis of grade Ⅱ in the other two classifications.

Adult ; Coal Mining ; Cognition Disorders ; etiology ; Explosions ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Survivors ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the relationship between C-reactive protein and clinical significance of Tokyo Guidelines for acute cholangitis.Methods Analyzed 739 cases with acute cholecystitis in Xianyang Central Hospital of Shaanxi province.Records of patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis were screened between September 2013 and October 2015.The criteria of Tokyo guidelines were used in grading the severity of acute cholecystitis.Patients were divided into 3 groups,Group Ⅰ (n =450),Group Ⅱ (n =260) and Group Ⅲ (n =29).C-reactive protein values at the time of admission were analyzed and compared among the groups.Results Mean C-reactive protein levels of groups were found to be significantly different,18.74 mg/L in Group Ⅰ,133.67 mg/L in Group Ⅱ,and 257.43 mg/L in Group Ⅲ.C-reactive protein values among the groups were found to be highly and significantly correlated with the disease grade (P ＜ 0.01).After evaluating C-reactive protein levels according to the grade of the disease,Group Ⅱ was distinguished from Group Ⅰ with a cutoff C-reactive protein level of 72.54 mg/L,and from Group Ⅲ with a value of 195.85 mg/L.Those results were found to be statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion C-reactive protein can be accepted as a strong predictor in classifying different grades of the disease,and treatment can be reliably planned according to this classification.

During the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan,traumatic brain injury (TBI)has become the most prev-alent military injury that is described as the signature injuryof the current military operations.It usually causes no or mild external injury but results in serious long-lasting neuropsychiatric abnormalities,which have far-reaching impact on veterans,their families and the American society.Here we describeol the investment in TBI from the US government and the development in the diagnosis and treatment of mild TBI on the battlefield before putting forward some proposals for the Chinese army.