Toll signaling pathway may play a curcial role in induction of inflammation-associated gene activation. Originally, the Toll/spaetzle/Cactus-Dorsal signaling pathway is established in the Drosophila embryonic development. Recently, the Toll signaling pathway in adult Drosophila has been established in the induction of antimicrobial peptide expression. Five human Toll-like receptor genes (h Tlr l-5 ) and one mouse Toll-like receptor gene (m Tlr-4 ) have been isolated. Toll and Toll-like receptor genes encoded molecules are transmembrane proteins with an extracellular leucine repeat domain and a cytoplasmic domain homologous to IL-1 receptors. The intracellular signaling cascade involves Tube, Pelle, and Cactus-Dorsal complex in Drosophila, and MyD88, IRAK, TRAF 6, NIK, ??-I ?B kinase, and I ?B -NF?B complex in mammals. Dorsal and NF?B are transcription factors, while Cactus and I?B are their inhibitors. When the inhibitors phosphorylated, the nuclear factors are released and move into nucleus, leading to immune gene activation. It has been shown from in vitro system that Tlr -4 mediated LPS signaling in human monocytes for expression of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and costimulator B7-1 which provides second signal for T cell response. Tlr -2 can also mediate LPS signaling in human monocytes, leading to the production of proinflammatory mediators. Microbial lipoproteins are potent stimulators of IL-12 production through Tlr -2 signaling by human macrophages, and can stimulate Tlr 2-dependent transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase and the production of nitric oxide, a powerful microbicidal pathway. Findings of a point mutation of Tlr-4 in LPS tolerant C3H/HeJ mouse strain and a deletion of Tlr-4 in LPS resistant C57BL/10ScCr mice provide an in vivo evidence strongly supporting the crucial role of Tlrs in LPS mediated inflammation. It is proposed that targeting Tlrs would develop new remedies for treatment of inflammatory disorders and for immunotherapy of mucosal infections and cancer, etc.

Objective To explore the clinical features of thoracolumbar disc herniations and to improve the quality of the diagnostic procedure.Methods Clinical data of 65 patients with thoracolumbar disc herniations confirmed by X-ray examinations,CT,MRI,and operations from September 1995 to January 2004 were retrospectively reviewed.The 65 patients were divided into three groups: lower thoracic disc herniations(T_(10-11)~T_(12)L_1) in 43 patients,upper lumbar disc herniations(L_(1-2)~L_(2-3)) in 16 patients,and multiple levels of herniations in 6 patients.Results Paresthesia and lower extremity weakness were the most frequent symptoms,with their occurrence proportions being 89.2%(58/65) and 83.1%(54/65),respectively.Among the 65 patients,9.2%(6/65) showed the presentation of upper motoneuron involvement,47.7%(31/65) manifested symptoms of lower motoneuron impairment,and 43.1%(28/65) presented as mixed motoneuron disorders.Neurological deficits were usually extensive and the cauda equino syndrome was commonly seen,while isolated radicular impairment was noticed only in 3 patients.Back pain(44.6%,29/65) and lower extremity weakness(40.0%,26/65) were the most common initial complaints.Lower thoracic disc herniations were characterized by mixed motoneuron disorders at the occurrence proportion of 58.1%(25/43),with a tendency leading to ambulatory dysfunction,drop foot,increased lower extremity muscle tension,and positive pathologic reflexes.By contrast,most upper lumbar disc herniations were manifested as lower motoneuron disorders at the occurrence proportion of 93.8%(15/16),with back pain,lower extremity pain,and the cauda equino syndrome frequently encountered.Conclusions The clinical presentation of thoracolumbar disc herniations is complicated with the large-scale distribution and diversity of the symptoms and the complexity of clinical signs.We put forward four circumstances under which a high suspicion of thoracolumbar disc herniation was recommended: ①if there is a sensory disturbance at the anterior and lateral aspect of the thigh or at the groin area;②if there is a lower extremity weakness,especially in the quadriceps and the tibialis anterior muscle(drop foot);③if an extensive and irregular range of sensory and motion disturbances exists,with a lack of typical radicular distribution;or ④if there are mixed motoneuron disorders,or lower motoneuron disorders unexplained by lumbar disc herniations.

Aged ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Vascular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Audiometry, Speech ; Humans ; Language

BACKGROUND:How to avoid denervated muscular atrophy is a key factor to improve the therapeutic efficacy on peripheral nerve injuries. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels against denervated muscle atrophy. METHODS: bFGF genes were transfected into rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels using viral transfection method, and then MTT, immunohistochemical staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, RT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA methods were used to detect the transfection efficiency and product expression. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were selected to make animal models of sciatic nerve injury, and subjected to multi-point intramuscular injection of bFGF-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels (experimental group) or cel culture fluid (control group). At 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after transfection, the gastrocnemius muscle tissues were harvested to detect action potential, residual wet weight, and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The bFGF gene was successfuly transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels using the viral transfection method. The residual wet weight, cross-sectional area and residual action potential of the gastrocnemius muscle were significantly better in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that bFGF gene-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels transplanted into the denervated muscle can retard the development of muscle atrophy. Cite this article:Yu N, Wang YS, Qi CP.Application of basic fibroblast growth factor gene-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels in denervated muscle atrophy. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2016;20(1):89-94.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Electroacupuncture ; Fatty Liver ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

With the development of clinical education,Urology Department in Xiangya Hospital has identified teaching object and scheme,and improved the condition and modality of teaching and the level and development of clinical teaching.

Objective To probe the changes of CT values in liver parenchyma in order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of acute pancreatitis.Methods 104 patients with acute pancreatitis which were diagnosed and treated by department of gastroenterology.Ac-cording to pathological results,the patients were divided into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP)group and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)one.The CT values of liver parenchyma were measured before and after treatment,and the correlations between CT values changes and the amylase in blood and urine were analyzed.Results The CT values of liver parenchyma showed a negative correlation with the pathological severity of acute pancreatitis (r=-0.089,P <0.05).The accuracy using the changes of CT values to evaluate the therapeutic effect was significantly different between the MAP and the SAP group with different sensitivity of 92.2% and 85.7%and specificity of 33.3% and 94.1% respectively.In addition,the changed trend of CT values in liver parenchyma showed negative correlations with triglycerides and blood amylase.Conclusion CT scan is a useful imaging method in evaluating the liver damage and the therapeutic effect in patients with acute pancreatitis in emergency.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis and to provide evidence for its use in clinical practice. Methods: Eight databases were extensively searched up to March 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of acupuncture with sham acupuncture or no acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis were included. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were independently conducted by two reviewers. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used for assessing the risk of bias. Results: A total of 18 RCTs were included, involving a total of 3522 participants. The results showed that acupuncture was superior to sham acupuncture in relieving pain (SMD=-0.34, 95％CI:-0.57 to -0.11, I2=85％, P=0.003) and improving physical function (SMD=-0.34, 95％CI: -0.57 to -0.11, I2=85％, P=0.003). In comparison to the no-acupuncture group, the acupuncture group also showed significant advantages in relieving pain (SMD=-0.79, 95％CI: -1.15 to -0.43, I2=87％, P<0.0001) and improving physical function (SMD=-0.75, 95％CI:-1.19 to -0.31, I2=91％, P=0.0008). Sensitivity analyses suggested that the results were robust, and Egger's test found no potential publication bias. Conclusion: In the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, the acupuncture group had significant advantages over sham acupuncture or no-acupuncture groups in relieving pain and improving physical function.

ObjectiveTo investigate the platelet inhibition ratio by thromboelastography (TEG) and its clinical impact in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods118 PCI patients were divided into ischemic events group (22 cases) and nonischemic events group (96 cases) according to their clinical follow-up of 6 months. Platelet inhibition ratio was measured by TEG. ResultsADP-induced platelet inhibition ratio of ischemic events group decreased significantly compared with nonischemic events group (P<0.01). And there were no significant differences in AA-induced platelet inhibition ratio between two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionThere may be some relationship between the ischemic events of PCI patients and their drug resistance to clopidogrel.