The modest pressure promotes the graduate to keep continuous energy and focus on scientific research,but too much pressure will lead to mental problem and serious moral shortcoming.Reformation of scientific evaluating and promoting system,enhancement of scientific interest and reconstruction of mental training system should be the important ways to release the pressure of scientific research of the graduate.

Objective To study effect of racing training on 54 paraplegic ability of driving wheel-chair. Method 54 paraplegics paticipated in the wheel-chair racing training. Result The subjects drived wheel-chair more powerfully and faster than before, and pushed up step and ramp easily. Conclusion Wheel chair racing training is an effective method of improving the driving ability.

In recent years, damage control is well established as a potentially life-saving procedure in a few selected critically injured patients. The "damage control" concept also has been shown to increase overall survival and is likely to modify the management of critically ill patients suffering from gastrointestinal disease. In these patients the "lethal triad" of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy acts as a vicious cycle that often can not be interrupted and marks the limit of the patient's ability to cope with the physiological consequences of traditional and extensive surgical procedures. The principles of damage control are to control bleeding, obstruction, and/or infection until the physiologic derangement has been restored and the patient could undergo a prolonged operation for definitive repair. This approach is unfolded in three phases. During the initial operation, the surgeon carries out only the absolute minimum necessary to improve patient's condition and to control bleeding, obstruction, and/or infection. The second phase consists of secondary resuscitation in the intensive care unit, characterized by maximization of hemodynamics, correction of coagulopathy, rewarming, and complete ventilatory support. During the third phase, definitive operation is performed.
Acidosis ; therapy ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; therapy ; Critical Care ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; therapy ; Perioperative Care

Child ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Malignant pleural effusion is caused by the pleural invasion of malignant tumors such as lung cancer, or by primary pleural tumors. It is a troublesome and debilitating complication of advanced malignancies. If malignant pleural effusion is not treated in time, the average life span of these patients is only several months. An effective treatment can improve the quality of life and prolong the average life spans.

Matrix matalloprotenases-12(MMP-12) is a member of the matrix matalloprotenases family,and it is a main mediator to degradate the extracellular matrix. MMP-12 is composed of an propeptide domain, a catalytic domain and hemopexin-like domain. The function of MMP-12 include the genetic transcription and inhibitor regulation. Overexpress of MMP-12 causes pathological extracellular matrix protein breakdown and excessive airway remodeling,and MMP-12 is impotant in the pathogenesis of the acute and chronic lung injury,which has been implicated in a range of respiratory diseases, including asthma and emphysema.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) can induce intra-abdominal hypertension, which has an adverse effect on the function of urinary, circulatory, digestive and neurological system, and finally leads to abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) if patients were not timely treated. This article focuses on the close relationship between SAP and ACS, which included the definition, classification, pathogenesis of ACS and its pathophysiologic effects on other important organs. The different types and indications of surgical interventions of ACS were discussed in detail. For SAP patients complicated with ACS, urgent open abdomen is important to decrease the abdominal pressure and to prevent the incidence of multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. Complications after open abdomen, such as intestine fistula,abdominal sepsis, intestinal dysfunction and abdominal deficit,should be managed prudently.

This study tried to investigate the change in the glomerular filtration rate in initiation of a low-protein diet (LPD) in the elderly patients with diabetic nephropathy, and to elucidate whether this initial phenomenon is reversible or irreversible. 24 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with renal failure patients were randomized to LPDⅠgroup (0.6g *kg-1*24h-1), LPDⅡgroup (0.8g*kg-1*24h-1), and NPD group for four weeks (phaseⅠ). Between weeks 4 and 8, all patients received NPS (phaseⅡ). Dietary protein intake (g*kg-1*24h-1), SCr, Ccr, albuminuria excretion rate and arterial blood pressure were measured at baseline and after four- and eight-weeks of follow-up, respectively. During phaseⅠ, a significant decline in dietary protein intake, Ccr, Scr, and albuminuria excretion rate were observed in the LPDⅠgroup and LPDⅡgroup. There was not any change in the NPD group. Conversely, during phase Ⅱ, with a significant increase in dietary protein intake, Ccr, Scr and albuminuria excretion rate increased in LPDⅠ group and LPD Ⅱ group compared with the NPD group. It suggested that dietary protein restriction for four weeks induces a reversible decline in GFR, Scr and albuminuria excretion rate in noinsulin-dependent diabetic nephropathy patients with renal failure, whereas systemic blood pressure remains unchanged.

Allogeneic hematopoietie stem cell transplantation(alloHSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for patients with hematological malignant disease, autoimmune disease or hereditary disease.However, graftversus-host disease (GVHD), which is one of the most serious complications, influences the prognosis of alloHSCT. Mechanisms of GVHD is so complicated that there is still no perfect way to treat the patients at present. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) become new hotspots because of their immunomodulatory properties and potential to suppress alloreactive T cell responses.Animal experiments showed that MSC were effective during the prevention and treatment of GVHD. This paper is to summarize the acting mechanism of MSC' effect on the prevention and treatment of GVHD after alloHSCT.

HbA1C has been used clinically since 1980s as the index of glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus.Several significant clinical trials demonstrated that the intensive blood glucose control reduced the chronic complications in diabetes.In recent years,HbA1C has been recommended as one of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus.However,the standardization of HbA1C measurement still remains to be an important and arduous task in China.