There is controversy about the basic principle of medical ethics in academia field.The autonomy principle has been approved the most widespread.The autonomy principle respects individual autonomy and freedom.Its core is the respect human right,it includes some concrete rules such as informed consent,confidentiality,privacy.The autonomy principle originates from liberalism morals tradition emphasizing on personal freedom and choice.Although it is advocated by western medical ethics,Chinese ancient sage had put forward the colse and even the same viewpoint.

Objective To analyze the clinical results of the medical aural and encephalic(EC) glue to mend the traumatic liver break.Methods 34 patients of traumatic liver breaks were divided into the comparison and research groups randomly.The control group was cured by traditional remending operation and the experiment group was cured by EC remedy.Results The mortality of operation was 30% and the rate of postoperative bleeding was 40% in the control group.While no complication happened,it had significant difference(P

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of cefoperazone on the surgical haemostastic outcome so as to offer reference for preoperative anti-infection medication.METHODS:A total of 60 patients undergoing laparotomy were randomly divided into medication group(cefoperazone)or control group.The blood coagulation functional parameter changes of the 2 groups before and after operation were observed,and the intraoperative blood loss volume,blood infusion volume,and the haemostatic time were recorded.RESULTS:The thrombin time,the prothrombin time,partial prothrombin time were all longer,and the intraoperative blood loss volume and blood infusion volume and the haemostatic time were all more in cefoperazone-treated group than in control group(P

ASCT2 is a Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transporter in brush-border membrane of intestinal epithelial cells.The activity accounts for the majority of intestinal luminal neutral amino acid absorption,such as alanine,serine,cysteine,threonine,glutamine,asparagine and so on.The study about molecular and functional characteristics of ASCT2 will help to the understanding of bowel function,and offer the potential for developing new treatments for short bowel syndrome and other bowel dysfunction conditions.

Objective To evaluate cerebral autoregulation in cerebral vascular disease using transeranial Doppler(TCD)-CO_2 test and head-upright tilt test(HUTT).Methods Thirty-two patients with occlusive cerebral vascular disease (group A),28 cerebral infarction patients without stenosis (group B), and 26 controls were included.Cerebrovascular reactivity was calculated in terms of the breath-holding index (BHI) and vascular motor reactivity (VMR) by TCD-CO_2 test.Changes of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV),blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were detected during HUTT to assess the cerebral pressure-autoregulation.Results Compared with controls,VMR decreased in group A and B,being 0.18?0.02,0.26?0.04 respectively,and so did BHI,being 0.76?0.15,1.05?0.15 respectively with significance(P

Objective To investigate the status of occupational burnout among general practitioners (GPs) and explore the relationship between coping style and burnout. Methods 243 GPs were assessed by Chinese Maslach burnout inventory(CMBI) and simple coping style questionnaire. Results 36.6% of GPs experienced mild burnout, 26.8% moderate burnout, and 3.3% severe burnout; 11.5% of GPs got high scores on emotional exhaustion(EE), 44.9% subjects got high scores on depersonalization(Dp) and 43.6% subjects got high scores on reduced personal accomplishment (RPA). Male GPs experienced greater personal accomplishment than female. Among technical post, subjects with senior technical post scored higher on Dp. The condition of occupational burnout among subjects in north Jiangsu was more serious. GPs with seniority of 5 to 9 years seemed to be more prone to occupational burnout. The coping style of GPs had obvious correlation with occupational burnout. Conclusion The status of occupational burnout among GPs is serious. To prevent and cure occupational burnout, more attention should be paid to female, senior technical post GPs and'persons with seniority of 5 to 9 years. And taking positive coping style can reduce GPs' occupational burnout.

BACKGROUND: The autonomous neurogenic bladder(ANB) is one of the common problems and difficulty in rehabilitation of patients with spine injury. Having the advantages of safety, non-invasion and no side-effects,functional magnetic stimulation(FMS) has been applied in central nervous system(CNS) neurotransmission, recovery from nervous exhaustion, bone healing, treatment of neural disorders and research of brain function, and so on. But the studies on treatment of ANB after spine injury are not as profound and systematic as they were needed.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of FMS in patients with ANB caused by spine injury.DESIGN: A longitudinal observation based on patients.SETTING: Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.PARTICIPANTS: From May 2003 to May 2004, 12 patients with ANB hospitalized in the Rehabilitative Medicine Department of Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were selected, 9 were male and 3 were female.METHODS: By using MagLite FMS Devices(made by Dantec, Danmark),a FMS therapy was employed at the sacral 3(S3) nerve root region and the bladder region, twice a day, 5 days a week, and a duration of 4 - 8 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The pre-and post-treatment dynamics of urine flow variables(such as, residual urine volume, maximum urethral closure pressure(MUCP), the maximum bladder capacity, the bladder pressure, and the maximum urine flow rate), the frequency of urination, the average daily amount of urine, the maximum urine volume(V max), influence of urinary symptoms on the quality of life scale and the symptom score of lower urinary tract syndrome(LUTS) were selected as main outcomes measurements.RESULTS: Nearly all of the pre-and post-treatment dynamics of urine flow variables(such as, residual urine volume, MUCP, the maximum bladder capacity, the bladder pressure and the maximum urine flow rate) exhibited significant difference( P ＜ 0. 01 - 0. 001 ), except for the bladder pressure ( P ＞ 0.05); After FMS therapy, the frequency of urination decreased and the daily amount of urine and the V max increased significantly(P ＜ 0.01-0. 001); Also, the influence of urinary symptoms on the quality of life scale and the symptom score of LUTS changed significantly( P ＜ 0. 001 ).CONCLUSION: FMS therapy can greatly and partly ameliorate the bladder function of the patients with ANB after spine injury, and it can also improve their quality of life significantly.

Lymph node metastasis is one of the main methods of metastasis and it affects the the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. It is reported that the rate of tumor recurrence in patients with tumor-negative lymph nodes detected by routine pathology is approximately 25%, which is a factor that affects the survival. It is reported that the phenomenon associates with lymph nodes micrometastasis closely. The article will tou-ch the latest development on micrometsstasis.

Objective To introduce a method of using perforators flap adjacent to the defect to repair small sized skin defect.Methods From October 2009 to December 2013,a total of 23 cases of skin lesions were treated with perforators flap adjacent to the defect.The perforator artery was preoperatively detected with Portable Doppler in the region of relative slack skin.Skin defects with the area changed from 1.5 cm × 2.0 cm to 5.0 cm × 4.0 cm.Results All the flap survived smoothly,with pleased appearance and primary healing.Postoperative follow-up of 3 to 6 month showed no recurrence in tumor patients during the follow-up period.Conclusions Application of perforators flap adjacent to defect to repair small sized skin defect has the advantages of flexibility,reliable blood supply,which obtains good result.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the infection sources and transmission range of the first brucellosis outbreak in human in Bijie City in order to take specific control measures.Methods Fangzhu Town of Qixingguan District was selected as the investigation site where the first medical case was reported.① Basic conditions investigation:the population and the livestock conditions were investigated;②Specific investigation:remote specific investigation of the first case was made through telephone by using unified specific investigation form;③Epidemic situation in human:based on the rule of informed consent,serum samples of all sheep raising people were collected for examination;④Epidemic situation in livestock:sheep's serum samples were collected by agricultural sector.Rose-bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and standard agglutination test (SAT) were used to test the serum samples.Results There were 6 338 households with 28 682 residents in Fangzhu County totally,including 70 households feeding 2 184 herds of sheep.The fast case had attacked on May 10th,2014,who was transferred to the first people's hospital of Yuanan Province on July 17th,2014,and was diagnosed as brucellosis on July 25th,2014.There were 85 serum specimens from livestock feeders tested totally,17 specimens showed SAT positive,10 cases were confirmed,recessive infection were 7 cases,the infection rate was 20.00％ (17/85),the detection rate was 11.76％ (10/85),and the recessive infection rate was 8.24％ (7/85).A total of 339 sheep serum samples were tested,133 specimens showed RBPT positive.The positive rate was 39.23％ (133/ 339).Conclusion Brucellosis epidemic was exisited in Bijie City among human and animals,and the situations of infection is serious.The prevention and control of brucellosis should be publicity and education on the sheep flocks.