Aim To explore the effect of camellia nitidissima polysaccharides (CNP) on acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its mechanism related to regulation of microglia polarization. Method Adult male C57 BIV6 mice were randomly divided into sham-oprated control group, ICH group and CNP group. CNP was intragastrically administered immediately after intracerebral hemorrhagefor a consecutive three days. Neural functional outcomes were evaluated by neurological deficiency score (NDS) , open field test, and adhesive removal test. Blood-brain barrier destruction and pathological injury were detected by Evans blue staining and brain water content. Inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. Microglia phenotypic status was evaluated and determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ( qPCR) analyses, and immunofluorescence labeling. Results CNP significantly reduced neurological deficit scores and ameliorated cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier injury three days after ICH. Also, CNP treatment improved signifi-cantly motor function three days after ICH. In addition, CNP decreased proinflammatory mediators and inhibited the activation of microglia. Furthermore, treatment of CNP decreased microglia Ml markers and increased M2 markers. Conclusion CNP attenuates acute intracerebral hemorrhage thrdugh skewing microglia toward a more anti-inflammatory property.

Objective To explore mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on improvement of cognitive function and alleviation of hippocampal insulin resistance in APP/PS 1 transgenetic mice. Method 12 months old female APP/PS 1 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:model group(Tg), EGCG low dose group (Tg/EGCG-L), high dose group(Tg/EGCG-H). C 57 BL/6 J mice were utilized as control. learning and memory ability in 4 group mice were detected by morris water maze test(MWM). The hippocampal TNF-α/JNK signal and IRS-1 pSer 312 expression were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with NT mice, Tg mice showed a marked prolongation of the escape latency and swimming distance in the MWM test(P<0.05);Abnormal activation of TNF-α/JNK signaling and increased IRS-1 pSer 312 expression in the hippocampus of Tg mice(P<0.05). EGCG-treated Tg mice showed significantly improvement of all these abnormal changes(P<0.05). Conclusion EGCG treatment is able to alleviate hippocampal insulin resistance and improve cognitive function in the APP/PS 1 mice. which may be partly attributed to the reduction of TNF-α/JNK signaling activity in this AD mouse model.

Objective To investigate the effect of clemastine fumarate on lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits.Methods Fifty New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes,weighing 2.0-3.0 kg,were divided into 3 groups using a random number table:sham operation group (Sham group,n =10),I/R group (n =20) and clemastine fumarate group (Cle group,n =20).The model of lung I/R was established by clamping the left hilum of lung and decreasing the tidal volume followed by restoration of perfusion and ventilation 1 h later in I/R and Cle groups.At 3 h of ventilation in group Sham and 2 and 4 h of reperfusion in I/R and Cle groups,blood samples were collected for determination of serum tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The left lung was lavaged,and the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was colleted for determination of white blood cell count.Lung specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of the ultrastructure of lung tissues and for determination of wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio),expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction) and cell apoptosis (by TUNEL).The apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with Sham group,the W/D ratio,white blood cell count in BALF,serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-8 and apoptosis rate were significantly increased,and the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA was up-regulated in I/R and Cle groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with I/R group,the W/D ratio,white blood cell count in BALF,serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-8 and apoptosis rate were significantly decreased,and the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA was down-regulated in Cle group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly attenuated in Cle group than in I/R group.Conclusion Clemastine fumarate can attenuate lung I/R injury in rabbits.

BACKGROUND:The bioceramics has the ideal pore size, high porosity and the through-hole rate, can provide the ideal physiological activity space for the bone cel repair, and can obviously improve bone conduction. OBJECTIVE:To explore the bone conduction and bone induction in the repair of bone defects in the stage of bone defect of bionic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone. METHODS:A total of 20 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into bioactive glass and biomimetic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone groups, and were used to construct the animal bone damage model. They were given the repair with bioactive glass and biomimetic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4 weeks after model establishment, scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that dense periosteal tissue was observed in the biomimetic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone group. At 8 weeks, dense combination was found, and no obvious fissure existed. At 12 weeks, complete bone demarcation blurred, showing a natural transition. Moreover, the binding site was very dense. There were a large number of new bone tissues, bone trabecula was regular and connected to a piece. The bone material has been largely degraded. Bone defects were repaired completely. The bone density was close to normal bone. At 8 weeks, in the bioactive glass group, the binding site presented obvious fissure. At 12 weeks, the fissure had been connected, but the binding was not tight as compared with the bionic biphasic ceramic biologic active bone group. The bone defect got preliminary repair. A smal number of new bone formed trabecular bone, but could not connect or traverse. There was no recanalization of the marrow cavity. A few continuous bone cal us traversed the broken end. These data demonstrate that bionic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone has good bone conduction, bone induction and biocompatibility in the repair of segmental bone defects.

Detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most commonly used screening method for prostate cancer. However, many studies have found that the false positive rate and false negative rate of PSA detection for prostate cancer screening are very high, which easily leads to the overuse of PSA detection. Autoantibodies appear at the early stage of cancer, accompany the occurrence and development of prostate cancer. Autoantibodies have a long half-life and are easy to detect. Existing studies have found that autoantibodies can be used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, and correlated with some prognostic indicators such as Gleason grade and overall survival (OS) of prostate cancer patients. This paper summarized 8 studies on the role of single autoantibody in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Most of the reported single autoantibodies have better diagnostic performance than PSA, and combined application could improve the diagnostic performance. Some autoantibodies are related to a poor prognosis of prostate cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1 )in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).Methods Sixty-one PBC patients and 59 AIH patients,who were hos-pitalized or visited the outpatient department from June 2012 to September 2013,as well as 50 healthy controls,were included in the study. The PBC patients included 29 incipient cases,21 cases in remission,and 11 recurrent cases;the AIH patients included 26 incipient cases, 20 cases in remission,and 13 recurrent cases.Serum sICAM-1 level was measured by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay,and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)and total bilirubin (TBil)were determined by biochemical enzyme as-say.Comparison between groups was made by analysis of variance;Pearson correlation analysis was performed.Results Among PBC pa-tients,the incipient group and recurrent group had significantly higher serum sICAM-1 levels than the remission group and control group (P=0.000 for all);there was no significant difference in serum sICAM-1 level between the incipient group and recurrent group (P=0.484);the remission group had a significantly higher serum sICAM-1 level than the control group (P=0.000).Among AIH patients, the incipient group and recurrent group had significantly higher serum sICAM-1 levels than the remission group and control group (P=0.000 for all);there was no significant difference in serum sICAM-1 level between the incipient group and recurrent group (P=0.802);no significant difference in serum sICAM-1 level was seen between the remission group and control group (P=0.281).For patients with PBC and AIH,serum sICAM-1 level was positively correlated with serum levels of ALT (r=0.664,P=0.000;r=0.784,P=0.000) and TBil (r=0.715,P=0.000;r=0.580,P=0.000).Conclusion Serum sICAM-1 may be involved in the immunologic injury in PBC and AIH.In patients with PBC and AIH,the elevation of serum sICAM-1 level is closely correlated with the severity of liver damage. Clinical monitoring of serum sICAM-1 level may play an important role in severity assessment,prognostic evaluation,and therapy guidance among patients with autoimmune liver diseases.

Objective To investigate the value of CT signs in combination with clinical materials of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) to predict the central lymph node metastasis (CLNM).Methods This article reviewed the CT signs and clinical materials of 366 patients with surgically and pathologically verified PTC.The single factor and multi-factor logistic regression analyses were performed on the relation of tumor position,thyroid marginal contact,calcification,plain scan border,border after enhancement,diameter,age and sex with CLNM.Results Among the 366 patients with PTC,the number of patients with positive CLNM and negative CLNM was 155 and 211 respectively.The single factor and multi-factor logistic regression analysis indicated that the thyroid marginal contact,diameter,age and sex were related with CLNM,and the more common patients diagnosed with CLNM had the following features:thyroid marginal contact,a diameter ＞1.0 cm,age ＜45 years and males (P＜ 0.05).Among the single risk factors,the tumor position,calcification,plain scan border and border after enhancement were unrelated with CLNM (P＞0.05).Conclusion The thyroid margin contact,diameter＞l.0 cm,age＜45 years and males are independent risk factors in diagnosis of positive CLNM.

Objective To study the effect of oxigenated leukodepletion filter(OLF), in order to evaluate its potential value in battlefield trauma application.Methods 12 bags of whole blood were filtered by OLFs, while the other 12 by normal filters,some indexes including ,partial pressure of oxygen(PO 2),O 2 saturation of oxygen(SO 2),HbO 2 WBC,RBC counter and volume of RBC supernatant were measured before and after leukocyte filtration.Results PO 2,SO 2 and HbO 2 increased 57%,51% and 53% respectively after filtration by OLFs, the residual leukocyte count decreased to (3 37?0 54)?10 7 each bag,and the leukocyte clearance rate was (97 52?0 74)%.Conclusions OLF can improve the effect of blood transfusion and reduce some acute transfusion adverse reactions.Thereby,application of the OLF has binefits significantly to heal the wounded patients in battlefield trauma.

0.05) . Conclusion It is safe to use soda lime containing more than 6.08% of water during enflurane or desflurane anesthesia with low flow (FGF = 500 ml?min-1 ) in children.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane pretreatment on the expression of tight junction protein Occludin and ZO-1 in the lung following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Ninty-six adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 24 each): group Ⅰ sham operation (group S);group Ⅱ I/R; group Ⅲ sevoflurane (group Sevo) and group Ⅳ Sevo + I/R. The animals were anesthetized, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. Right femoral vein and left carotid artery were cannulated for BP monitoring, blood sampling and drug and fluid administration. Lung I/R was induced by clamping left pulmonary hilum for 45 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ. In group Ⅲ the animals inhaled 2.2 % sevoflurane for 30 min. In group Ⅳ the animals inhaled 2.2 % sevoflurane for 30 min before lung ischemia. Six animals were killed at the end of 45 min ischemia (T1), and 60 and 120 min of reperfusion (T2, T3 ). The lungs were immediately removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio and the expression of Occludin and ZO-1 protein (by Western blot). Tissues of lung were obtained for observation of histopathology with light microscope. Lung permeability index (LPI) was calculated. Another 6 animals were killed at 120 min of reperfusion for lung lavage. Results I/R significantly increased W/D ratio and LPI and significantly reduced Occludin and ZO-1 protein expression in the lung tissue as compared with group C and Sev. Sevoflurane pretreatment significantly attenuated the I/R-induced changes. The pathological damage to the lung tissue was significantly less in group SP than in I/R. Conclusion Sevoflurane pretreatment may protect the lungs from I/R injury by up-regulating the expression of Occludin and ZO-1.