Objective To explore mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on improvement of cognitive function and alleviation of hippocampal insulin resistance in APP/PS 1 transgenetic mice. Method 12 months old female APP/PS 1 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:model group(Tg), EGCG low dose group (Tg/EGCG-L), high dose group(Tg/EGCG-H). C 57 BL/6 J mice were utilized as control. learning and memory ability in 4 group mice were detected by morris water maze test(MWM). The hippocampal TNF-α/JNK signal and IRS-1 pSer 312 expression were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with NT mice, Tg mice showed a marked prolongation of the escape latency and swimming distance in the MWM test(P<0.05);Abnormal activation of TNF-α/JNK signaling and increased IRS-1 pSer 312 expression in the hippocampus of Tg mice(P<0.05). EGCG-treated Tg mice showed significantly improvement of all these abnormal changes(P<0.05). Conclusion EGCG treatment is able to alleviate hippocampal insulin resistance and improve cognitive function in the APP/PS 1 mice. which may be partly attributed to the reduction of TNF-α/JNK signaling activity in this AD mouse model.

Aim To explore the effect of camellia nitidissima polysaccharides (CNP) on acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its mechanism related to regulation of microglia polarization. Method Adult male C57 BIV6 mice were randomly divided into sham-oprated control group, ICH group and CNP group. CNP was intragastrically administered immediately after intracerebral hemorrhagefor a consecutive three days. Neural functional outcomes were evaluated by neurological deficiency score (NDS) , open field test, and adhesive removal test. Blood-brain barrier destruction and pathological injury were detected by Evans blue staining and brain water content. Inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. Microglia phenotypic status was evaluated and determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ( qPCR) analyses, and immunofluorescence labeling. Results CNP significantly reduced neurological deficit scores and ameliorated cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier injury three days after ICH. Also, CNP treatment improved signifi-cantly motor function three days after ICH. In addition, CNP decreased proinflammatory mediators and inhibited the activation of microglia. Furthermore, treatment of CNP decreased microglia Ml markers and increased M2 markers. Conclusion CNP attenuates acute intracerebral hemorrhage thrdugh skewing microglia toward a more anti-inflammatory property.

BACKGROUND:The bioceramics has the ideal pore size, high porosity and the through-hole rate, can provide the ideal physiological activity space for the bone cel repair, and can obviously improve bone conduction. OBJECTIVE:To explore the bone conduction and bone induction in the repair of bone defects in the stage of bone defect of bionic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone. METHODS:A total of 20 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into bioactive glass and biomimetic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone groups, and were used to construct the animal bone damage model. They were given the repair with bioactive glass and biomimetic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4 weeks after model establishment, scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that dense periosteal tissue was observed in the biomimetic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone group. At 8 weeks, dense combination was found, and no obvious fissure existed. At 12 weeks, complete bone demarcation blurred, showing a natural transition. Moreover, the binding site was very dense. There were a large number of new bone tissues, bone trabecula was regular and connected to a piece. The bone material has been largely degraded. Bone defects were repaired completely. The bone density was close to normal bone. At 8 weeks, in the bioactive glass group, the binding site presented obvious fissure. At 12 weeks, the fissure had been connected, but the binding was not tight as compared with the bionic biphasic ceramic biologic active bone group. The bone defect got preliminary repair. A smal number of new bone formed trabecular bone, but could not connect or traverse. There was no recanalization of the marrow cavity. A few continuous bone cal us traversed the broken end. These data demonstrate that bionic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone has good bone conduction, bone induction and biocompatibility in the repair of segmental bone defects.

Objective To investigate the effect of clemastine fumarate on lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits.Methods Fifty New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes,weighing 2.0-3.0 kg,were divided into 3 groups using a random number table:sham operation group (Sham group,n =10),I/R group (n =20) and clemastine fumarate group (Cle group,n =20).The model of lung I/R was established by clamping the left hilum of lung and decreasing the tidal volume followed by restoration of perfusion and ventilation 1 h later in I/R and Cle groups.At 3 h of ventilation in group Sham and 2 and 4 h of reperfusion in I/R and Cle groups,blood samples were collected for determination of serum tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The left lung was lavaged,and the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was colleted for determination of white blood cell count.Lung specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of the ultrastructure of lung tissues and for determination of wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio),expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction) and cell apoptosis (by TUNEL).The apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with Sham group,the W/D ratio,white blood cell count in BALF,serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-8 and apoptosis rate were significantly increased,and the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA was up-regulated in I/R and Cle groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with I/R group,the W/D ratio,white blood cell count in BALF,serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-8 and apoptosis rate were significantly decreased,and the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA was down-regulated in Cle group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly attenuated in Cle group than in I/R group.Conclusion Clemastine fumarate can attenuate lung I/R injury in rabbits.

Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; WAGR Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Wilms Tumor ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery

Detection of low-level somatic DNA mutations and minority alleles within a wild-type sample is crucial in fields of medicine,such as cancer,prenatal diagnosis and infectious diseases.Increasing enrichment methods have been developed to study this challenging area.They are typically segregate by their ability to enrich for,and detect,either known or unknown mutations,including COLD-PCR,ice-COLD-PCR,TT-PCR,PNA-mediated PCR,WTB-PCR and digital PCR.In this review,we discuss theoretical principles and relative advantages and disadvantages of these techniques,and put an emphasis on their applications in fields of diseases.

Objectives To construct two retroviral vectors, one containing human interleukin-1 recep-tor antagonist (hIL-1Ra) gene and the other containing human interleukin-10 (hIL-10) gene and to transfect rabbit synoviocytes in vitro and detect the expression level of target genes. Methods RNA from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were extracted and target genes were amplified by RT-PCR. The target genes were cloned into retroviral vector pLXSN, which was then transducted into GP2-293 cells to produce recombinant retrovirus. Rabbit synoviocytes were transfected and the expression of target genes was detected by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western-blot. Results The retroviral vector containing hIL-1Ra gene or hIL-10 gene was constructed successfully. The hIL-1Ra gene and hIL-10 gene were transduced respectively into rabbit synoviocytes in vitro. The mRNA level of both genes reached peak in 5 days. In positive cell clones, the protein level of hIL-1Ra reached peak within 30 days and maintained at least 60 days; the protein level of hIL-10 maintained at least 40 days. Conclusion The hIL-1Ra gene and hIL-10 gene can be transduced successfully into rabbit synoviocytes by recombinant retrovirus.

0.05) . Conclusion It is safe to use soda lime containing more than 6.08% of water during enflurane or desflurane anesthesia with low flow (FGF = 500 ml?min-1 ) in children.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of the morphological changes to deep fascia in distinguishing between benign and malignant soft-tissue tumors in lower limbs using 3.0 T MRI. Methods MR images of 40 consecutive patients with 41 pathologically proven soft-tissue tumors of the lower limbs were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists. Lesions were divided into four groups according to their predominant location with respect to the deep fascia: (1)Subcutaneous lesions superficial to the deep fascia (n=7). (2) Lesions located beneath the deep fascia (n=8). (3) Lesions in the interspaces of the deep fascia investment (n=10). (4) Intramuscular lesions (n=16). The relationship between tumors and the deep fascia and the morphology changes of deep fascia were analyzed. Lesions of groups (1) (2) were considered as superficial lesions, while lesions of group (3) (4) were considered as deeper lesions. The size differences between those had intact deep fascia and those had destructed deep fascia in superficial lesions and in deeper lesions were evaluated by using Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. P values < 0. 05 were considered statistically significant. Results The deep fascial structures were intact in all of the 16 pathologically proven benign lesions. In 23 of the 25 malignant lesions, there was destruction of the deep fascia with the signs of displacement/disruption of the deep fascia and penetrating growth in (1) (2), and displacement/distruption of intermuscular septum as well as involvement of interspaces of the deep fascial investment and loss of integrity of the fascial/muscular planes in (3) (4). Only 2 malignant lesions demonstrate intact deep fascia. In superficial lesions [(1) (2)] , the maximum size were (5.0±3.8) cm (Median ± Interquartile Range) in those had intact deep fascia, and (5.7±6.90) cm in those had destruction signs (T=47.5, P >0.05). In deeper lesions [(3) (4)] the maximum size were (4.6±1.9) cm of those had intact deep fascia, and (13.6±6.5) cm of those had destruction signs (T= 62.5, P <0.01). Distinguish malignant from benign lesions on the signs of destructed deep fascia, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 92.0% (23/25), 100% (16/16), and 95. 1% (39/,41), respectively. Conclusions Tumor involvements and disruption of the deep fascial structures visualized by 3.0 T MR imaging may be of utility in differentiating malignant from benign soft-tissue tumors.

Objective:To construct an immune inhibitor of new TNF-?,C-terminal sequence of new rhTNF-? was replaced with sequence of T-help cell of hen egg-white lysozyme(HEL).Methods:The rhTNF-? mutant was cloned 、expressed and purified.Results:The DNA sequencing analysis showed that the C-terminal sequence of new rhTNF-? mutant was correct.The mutant was inserted into pBV220 expression vector .After the recombinant bacteria was incubated at 42℃ for 4 h,a new band of the protein with relative molecular weight of 1.7 kD was shown on the gel.The band amounted to 30 % of total bacteria protein.Western blot showed that the mutant protein could associated with anti-TNF-? antibody.After the protein was purified by through a column of Q-Sepharose Fast Flow, the purity of the protein was above 90%.The biological activity of the protein was measured with L929 cells.The result showed that biological activity of the protein was totally lost.Conclusion:The experimental evidence demonstrated that the construction of new rhTNF-? mutant was successful.The mutant not only can be associated with anti-TNF-? antibody, but also lose the biological activity of original TNF-?. [