Objective To investigate the efficacy of low-dose retention enema for treating ulcerative colitis.Methods Eighty patients diagnosed with chronic recurrent ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into control group and observation group with equal number.The retention enema was used in the control group and the improved retention enema was used in the observation group. Enema was done once every night,10 days as a course of treatment in both groups.The two groups were compared in terms of liquid retention time,curative effect after two courses and patients’satisfaction degree with enema.Results The liquid retention time in the intestinal lumen in the observation group was significantly longer than that of the control group.The efficacy was significantly better than the control group.Patients satisfaction with enema in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions The improved low-dose liquid enema is effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis for its liquid retention time in the intestines.It is effective,comfortable,convenient,and likely to be accepted by patients.

Acclimatization ; Dizziness ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Humans ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve ; physiology

Objective To evaluate the prognosis of surgery in multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC). Methods The characteristics of prognosis of surgery in 22 MCRCC cases out of 482 cases of renal cell carcinoma were reviewed.The MCRCC cases accounted for 4.56% of the renal cell carcinoma cases with a male-to-female ratio of 2.67∶1 in the same period.The mean age of the 22 patients was 47 years (age range,32-74 years). Results Of the 22 cases,18 underwent radical nephrectomy and 4 partial nephrectomy.The diameter of the tumors ranged 1.8-11.0 cm (mean 4.8 cm).Histological examination showed that 21 cases were of clear cell carcinoma and 1 of clear cell carcinoma mixed with granular cell carcinoma.Pathological staging showed pT 1N 0M 0 in 19 cases (86.4%),pT 2N 0M 0 in 2(9.1%) and pT 3bN 0M 0 in 1(4.5%).The classification by tumor nuclear grading system showed 5 cases (23%) of G 1 and 17 (77%) of G 2.Twenty patients were followed up for 9-56 months (mean,27.6 months) and 2 were lost of follow-up.Of the 20 patients,19 survived with no evidence of cancer and 1 died of intercurrent disease (upper gastrointestinal massive hemorrhage due to hepatocirrhosis). Conclusions MCRCC represents a distinct subtype of renal cell carcinoma.It is usually with low grade,low stage and is found incidentally.Our results indicate that MCRCC can be cured by surgery.Regardless of tumor size,the prognosis of MCRCC is favorable.

Surfactants are employed widely in household and industryial products wordwide.Everyday millions pounds surfactants and their products are dispersed into soil, water, food and human body that posing a threat to human health. The paper expatiated on the topic that the threats of surfactants on food safety with arguments as: acute toxicity, genetic toxicity, estrogenic effects, bioconcentrate and so on. At last, the article emphasized it is essential to have comprehensive study on the surfactants toxicity and influence on food safety.

Objective: Intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH),commonly seen in various critical surgical cases,may lead to body ischemia and reperfusion damage and result in serious inflammatory response.Previous studies were concentrated mostly on the risk of IAH,but less on IAH-induced reperfusion damage.The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of IAH on the intestine.Methods: A total of 120 Sprague-Daley rats were divided into an abdominal compartment syndrome(ACS) group,with intra-abdominal pressure(IAP) increased to 20 mmHg,an ACS/decompression(ACS/DE) group,with increased IAP followed by decompression,and two control groups,with IAP unchanged.Malondialdehyde(MDA),myeloperoxidase(MPO),glutathione(GSH) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) enzyme of the intestine were measured.Additionally,ileal tissues were taken for histopathological examinations and apoptosis detection;the liver,spleen,and mesenteric lymph nodes were obtained for microbiological analysis.Results: In the presence of IAH,MDA and MPO were increased,while GSH and GSH-Px were decreased.Microbiological analysis suggested bacterial translocation across the gut.Morphological examinations indicated that Chiu's score and apoptotic index in the ACS/DE group were the highest in the four groups.Conclusion: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the intestinal damage and bacterial translocation in abdominal compartment syndrome.Additionally,the influence of oxygen free radicals occurs mainly during the reperfusion rather than the IAH period.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of percutaneous intraductal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treating biliary stent stenosis. Methods A total of 43 cases with biliary obstruction caused by biliary stent stenosis were enrolled in this study. Through percutaneous transhepatic pucturing of biliary duct, an EndoHPB catheter was placed in the stenotic site of the biliary stent, which was followed by RFA treatment. After RFA, biliary drainage catheter was reserved. The drainage catheter was removed when angiography confirmed that the stent was patent. Results Cholangiography showed that the biliary stent became patency after RFA in all patients. No procedure-related complications occurred. After RFA, the median patency time of the stenotic biliary stent in survival patients was 107 days (12-180 days). Conclusion The results of this preliminary clinical study indicate that percutaneous intraductal radiofrequency ablation has excellent effect and safety for the treatment of biliary stent stenosis, although more reliable and randomized controlled trials are needed before its effect and safety can be further proved.

Cancer metastasis is the most dangerous stage of tumorigenesis and evolution, the primary cause of death in cancer patients. Clinically, more than 60% of cancer patients have found metastasis at the time of examination. Modern medicine has made significant progress on the mechanisms of cancer metastasis in recent years, from the simple "anatomy and machinery" theory forward to the "seed and soil" theory, then to the "microenvironmental" theory and the "cancer stem cell" theory. The emerging "cancer stem cell" theory successfully explains phenomenon such as tumor genetic heterogeneity, anoikis resistance, tumor dormancy, providing more new targets and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer metastasis.
Animals ; Humans ; Medicine ; methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology

AIM: To observe the protective effect of heat stress preconditioning on endothelial cells under anoxia and explore its mechanism. METHODS: The endothelial cells were divided into 4 groups: (1) anoxia; (2) heat stress; (3) heat stress preconditioning + hypoxia; (4) control. LDH activity was measrued by using Automatic Biochemistry Analysis-Meter. Cell death rate was determined by trypan blue, NO production was tested by measuring NO - 2/NO - 3 content in cellular culture medium by using Griess assay. RESULTS: LDH release and cell death rate of the anoxia endothelial cells significantly increased compared with control; 39℃ heat stress preconditioning reduced those increment by 29、47%, 33.67% respectively. 41℃ heat stress preconditioning has no protection against the anoxia-induced injury in endothelial cells. The NO production in anoxic endothelial cells decreased markedly. 39℃ heat stress preconditioning induced the increase in NO production in endothelial cells, but 41℃ heat stress preconditioning made the NOS activity decrease. The NO production was correlated negatively with LDH release and cell death rate in anoxic endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: The heat stress preconditioning within the limits can protect the endothelial cells from anoxia injury. The increase in NO in endothelial cells may play an important role in the mechanism of the protective effect.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Peitu Shengjin Recipe (PSR) on nutritional states and immune functions of stable phase chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.

METHODSTotally 62 stable phase COPD patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group (30 cases) and the control group (32 cases). All patients inhaled Seretide (50/500 µg), twice per day. Besides, patients in the treatment group additionally received PSR, one dose per day. After three months of treatment, the COPD assessment test (CAT) score, the index of nutritional states [including body mass index (BMI) , thickness of skin fold (TSF), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), serum albumin, serum prealbumin], and immune functions (including IgA, IgM, and IgG) were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSBy the end of the treatment, the CAT score decreased more obviously in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The improvement of BMI, TSF, MAMC, serum albumin, and serum prealbumin was better in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). IgM and IgG also increased more in the treatment group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in IgA between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAdditionally use of PSR could improve nutritional states and immune functions of stable phase COPD patients to some extent. Meanwhile, it also could improve their health related quality of life.

Body Mass Index ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Nutritional Status ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Quality of Life ; Serum Albumin

Objective:To study the effect of exendin-4 on weight reduction in normal rats after long-term subcutaneous injection.Methods:40 Wistar rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups and were injected subcutaneously with 0,1,5,25 ?g/kg exendin-4 for 26 weeks.Body weight,food intake,cholesterol,triglyceride,kidney fat pad weight and diameter of adipocytes were measured.Results:Body weight,kidney fat pad weight and serum tricyleride in 25?g/kg group were significantly lower than that in control group(P