The modest pressure promotes the graduate to keep continuous energy and focus on scientific research,but too much pressure will lead to mental problem and serious moral shortcoming.Reformation of scientific evaluating and promoting system,enhancement of scientific interest and reconstruction of mental training system should be the important ways to release the pressure of scientific research of the graduate.

In recent years, damage control is well established as a potentially life-saving procedure in a few selected critically injured patients. The "damage control" concept also has been shown to increase overall survival and is likely to modify the management of critically ill patients suffering from gastrointestinal disease. In these patients the "lethal triad" of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy acts as a vicious cycle that often can not be interrupted and marks the limit of the patient's ability to cope with the physiological consequences of traditional and extensive surgical procedures. The principles of damage control are to control bleeding, obstruction, and/or infection until the physiologic derangement has been restored and the patient could undergo a prolonged operation for definitive repair. This approach is unfolded in three phases. During the initial operation, the surgeon carries out only the absolute minimum necessary to improve patient's condition and to control bleeding, obstruction, and/or infection. The second phase consists of secondary resuscitation in the intensive care unit, characterized by maximization of hemodynamics, correction of coagulopathy, rewarming, and complete ventilatory support. During the third phase, definitive operation is performed.
Acidosis ; therapy ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; therapy ; Critical Care ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; therapy ; Perioperative Care

This review addresses the association of "Chinese Journal of Biotechnology" and the development of biotechnology in China in the past 30 years. Topics include relevant awards and industrialization, development of the biotechnology discipline, and well know scientists in biotechnology, as well as perspectives on the journal.
Biotechnology ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Periodicals as Topic ; history

Non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency(21OHD)is one of the most frequent autosomal recessive hereditary disease.Non-classical 21OHD is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed in patients with hyperandrogenemic symptoms(such as hirsutism,acne),menstrual disorder and infertility because of its moderate symptoms and hormonal abnormalities.However,the long-term healthy risks of non-classical 21OHD,such-as insulin resistance,dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases are clearly elevated.Basal and ACTH-stimulated 17- hydroxyprogesterone levels are quite helpful as a screening approach in diagnosis of non-classical 21OHD. Furthermore,non-classical 21OHD can be effectively treated with low-cost,therefore we should pay great attention to the diagnosis and treatment of non-classical 21OHD.

0.05).But there were significant differences in the change in mandibular M3 space among three groups(P

[Objective]Two high-risk complications following artificial joint replacement were investigated in an attempt to improve medical quality and ensure medical safety.[Method]By searching relative reference database,the author investigated the incidence of two high risk complications following artificial hip or knee joint replacement in China during the past 3 years.Preventive measures were discussed.[Result]A total of 840 cases of artificial hip or knee joint replacement were reported in 6 key orthopedic periodicals from 2005 to 2007.One hundred cases of deep vein thrombosis(DVT) were found with an incidence of 11.9%.in all 6 periodicals,the lowest incidence was 8.06% and the highest one was 20%.Six cases of pulmonary embolism(PE) were reported by 3 periodicals,of which 3 had a successful emergency rescue and 3 died.In the same period,10 orthopedic periodicals reported 171 cases(172 joints) of prosthesis infection after artificial hip or knee joint replacement.[Conclusion]With rapid development of urban/rural construction and transportation,and the increase of elderly people,severe osteoarticular injury cases have increased relatively.Artificial joint replacement has been wider performed in the clinical practice.Although the success rate has been greatly improved benefited from the upgrades of prosthesis technique and surgical instrument,the complications such as PVT,PE and infection are still risk factors.Relevant preventive measures should be taken to keep safety and advance of artificial replacement technique.

In this study, we studied the relationship between beads forming percentage and sodium alginate purity or viscosity, and found for the first time that strength of microencapsules depended mainly on M/G ratio of sodium alginate.The results indicate that if guloronic acid content in sodium alginate was high, strength of microencapsules is good, and vice versa.This conclusion is helpful to obtain better microencapsules, and to develop capsule engineering.

Objective:To analyze the factors which affect mandibular third molar angulation changes during treatment of adult orthodontic patients.Methods:80 post-treatment adult patients including 154 mandibular third molars(M3) were selected.The gender,age,clinical classification and treatment methods of the patients were recorded.The pretreatment and post-treatment panoramic radiographs were analyzed.The angulation and the eruption space of mandibular M3 were measured.The root development stages of the mandibular M3 before treatment were evaluated.The factors affecting mandiular M3 angulation changes were analysed by covariance analysis.Results:The results of multi-factors analysis illustrated that the sagittal skeletal classifications,the root development stages of the pre-treatment mandibular M3,the pre-treatment mandibular M3 angulations,the width/space ratios before and after treatment affected the mandibular M3 angulation changes during the orthodontic treatment.Mandibular M3 showed more improvement in angulation in groups of Class I sagittal skeletal classification,the root development stages of the pre-treatment mandibular M3 where the root was fully formed but the foramen apices wasn't closed or the stages where the root less 1/3 was formed,the pre-treatment mandibular M3 angulations 60?,and the more M3 space before and after treatment,the more improvement in M3 angulation.Conclusion:In adult orthodontic patients,the mandibular M3 angulation changes during the treatment can be influenced by many factors,but orthodontic treatment is not the direct factor.

Hepatic fibrosis is a damage and repair response model in chronic liver damage process.Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a determinant role as the main cells to produce liver extracellular matrix in the process of liver fibrosis,the activation and proliferation of HSC is the key link in liver fibrosis.Cholestasis is refers to the disorder in generation,secretion and flow of bile at the hepatocyte or bile duct level.The proteins exist in membranes of the liver cells and bile duct cells are important transporters to produce and secrete bile.In recent years,much progress have been made in signal transduction pathways of liver fibrosis,and the relevant research of cholestatic liver fibrosis is increasingly improvement,with the in-depth understanding of these transporters,complex signal network system of bile salt's synthesis and transport,this paper mainly through TGF-β/Smad,MAPK,JAK/STAT,NF-κ B and Wnt signal pathways to investigate the progress of signal transduction mechanism of cholestatic hepatic fibrosis.

Objective To explore the effects of dietary fat on lipid peroxidation in female F344 rats. Methods The rats were fed diets containing various levels of corn oil ( 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% ) for 2, 10, 20 weeks and to detect the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in cerebellum, kidney and liver tissues by HPLC method. Results It was observed that rats consuming 3% and 5% corn oil diets yielded significantly higher levels of MDA compared with those fed with higher fat diets. It was also observed that the MDA levels at group of 20 weeks of feeding were significantly lower than groups of 2 weeks and/or 10 weeks of feeding. The three organs studied showed different MDA levels. MDA level in cerebellum was obviously higher than that in liver and kidney. Conclusion The lipid peroxidation linking with dietary fat seems to have tissue specific and time specific. The cerebellum tissues seem easy to be attacked by lipid peroxidation linking with dietary fat. The peaks of MDA concentrations emerge were at 2 week time point in cerebellum and at 10 week time point in liver and kidney respectively.