The modest pressure promotes the graduate to keep continuous energy and focus on scientific research,but too much pressure will lead to mental problem and serious moral shortcoming.Reformation of scientific evaluating and promoting system,enhancement of scientific interest and reconstruction of mental training system should be the important ways to release the pressure of scientific research of the graduate.

Objective To investigate the effects of different flow volume of continuous 1:1 blood crystalloid cardioplegia on open heart surgery.Methods Retrospective randomized study was performed on 80 patients undergoing valve replacement and congenital heart disease with 1:1 blood crystalloid cardioplegia by minimum-flow continuous perfusion[0.5ml/(kg·min),group A,40 cases],high-flow continuous perfusion[(2.0 ml/(kg·min),group B,40 cases).The changes of creatine kinase(CK),isoenzyme of creatine kinase(CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme(LDH_1)were detected before operation and at 6,12,24,48,72 h after operation.Results The cardioplegia liquid was (41.72±7.98)ml/kg in group A,(142.09±9.65)ml/kg in group B,there was significant difference between two groups(P<0.05).During the first 72 h postoperative the value of CK,CK-MB,LDH and LDH1 in two groups were increased to different degree,serum enzymes levd increased significantly between 12,24 h after operation(P<0.05)and return to normal at 72h after operation in two groups.Butbetween two groups there was no significant difference(P＞0.05).ConclusionMinimum-flow continuous perfusion of 1:1 blood crystalloid cardioplegia appears to be superior in safety,decrease of myocardial enzymes integrity.

The chronic B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) pathway plays an important role in malignant proliferation of B-cell lymphoma.Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown impressive anti-tumor activity in relapsed and refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.This review discussed essential tyrosine kinases in BCR signaling pathway and present data from clinical usage of these related novel target agents.

Lung cancer-related papers published by authors of China were retrieved from PubMed and the high frequency subject headings and subheadings were extracted from them using the Bicomb system.The status quo and hot spots of lung cancer-related studies in China were analyzed .

Standardized nutritional support therapy can improve the nutrition status and surgical tolerance as well as reducing postoperative complications.The enteral nutritional support therapy is recommended as the first choice,while supplementary parenteral nutrition will be applied to the patients when enteral nutritional support therapy cannot achieve target supplement for more than 3 days.Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) focuses on the optimization of preoperative managements,which also greatly update the strategy of nutritional support therapy.Risk assessment of nutrition in patients with surgery and correction of preoperative malnutrition are becoming important parts of ERAS.Preoperative nutritional support therapy not only emphasizes the energy supplement,but also regulates pathophysiologic changes of patients with surgery.It has been regarded as a mandatory method to enhance postoperative recovery and optimize preoperative managements.

The Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals:A lONgitudinal(REACTION) Study is the largest prospective study of diabetes in China to date.It aims to investigate associations between type 2 diabetes and risks of cancer as well as cardiovascular diseases.The Study also examined the association between insulin resistance and β-cell function in diabetic patients and individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.It has provided data on the current prevalences and related risk factors of osteoporosis,chronic kidney diseases,and thyroid nodules in Chinese adults with abnormal glucose metabolism.This large cohort constitutes an important platform and a rich resource for investigators from different fields to answer important research questions concerning risk factors,mechanisms,early detection,and management of metabolic diseases.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common and serious complication in the intensive care unit.The mortality of AKI is still as high as 60％ in critically ill children because of lack sensitive and special early predictive biomarker.Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is one of the most promising early diagnose and predict biomarkers for AKI,produced and secreted by kidney tubule cells at low levels,but increasing dramatically in the urine and serum after ischemic, sepsis, or nephrotoxic injury of the kidneys.This review is to summarize the role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as an early biomarker of AKI with different clinical settings in children.

Sepsis is a complicated pathophysiological disorder arising from a systemic inflammatory response to infection.Because of high morbidity,high mortality and high cost of treatment, sepsis has caused global attention and become a hot spot in pediatric intensive medical research.Increasing number of studies have shown a close correlation between the occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis.A major feature in sepsis is dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.This review discusses the dysfunction of mitochondrial respiratory chain in sepsis.

Objective To explore the effect of ipratropium bromide on serum interleukin-13 (IL-13), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in children with asthma.Methods Eighty-six children with asthma in pediatrics department of Hanggang Hospital from January 2014 to June 2014 were selected and divided into two groups according to different therapy, 43 cases in each group.Control group received aminophylline of intravenous drip infusion and salbutamol and ketotifen orally.Experimental group received ipratropium bromide of aerosol inhalation on the basis of control group, twice daily and treated for two courses, 7 days of one course.The clinical efficacy , serum IL-13, TGF-β1, VEGF and lung function post-treatment were compared between two groups.Results The total curative effect of experimental group was 90.69%, which was significantly higher than 72.09% of control group(χ2 =4.91,P<0.05).The serum levels of IL-13, TGF-β1 and VEGF after 3, 7 and 14 days’ treatment in two groups were lower than those pre-treatment(P<0.05).The above indicators of experimental group were lower than those of control group at the same time point(P<0.05).The FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% after 7, 14 days’ treatment in control group and the above indicators after 3, 7, 14 days’ treatment in experimental group were significantly higher than those pre-treatment (P<0.05).The above indicators of experimental group were higher than those of control group at the same time point (P<0.05).Conclusion Ipratropium bromide could affect serum IL-13, TGF-β1 and VEGF levels in children with asthma, improve lung function and clinical curative effect.

Objective To study transureteroscopic holmium laser technology in urethral stricture.Methods 68 patients with urethral stricture were randomly divided into the two groups,the observation group (n =34 cases) and the control group (n =34 cases).The patients in the observation group were operated through transureteroscopic holmium laser technology,while the patients in the control group were operated through cold knife urethrotomy technology.The operation time,blood loss,hospital stay,maximum urinary flow rate,urinary extravasation,secondary bleeding,rectal injury,recurrence and reoperation were observaed.Results The operative time was longer in the control group [(31.24 ± 9.71) min vs (22.37 ± 9.22) min] (t =3.914,P ＜ 0.05).The blood loss,hospital stay in the observation group were less than these in the control group[(13.28 ± 5.24)mL,(4.06 ± 1.16)d vs (28.31 ± 7.19) mL,(5.92 ± 1.71) d)] (t =4.091,2.776,all P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,patients have a significantly increased maximum urinary flow rate (t =5.163,9.772,P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01),and compared with the control group after treatment,the observation group was significantly more improved Qmax (t =4.291,P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative control group of 12 patients developed complications,the incidence was 35.3％.The observation group had complications occurred in 2 patients,the rate was 5.9％.The incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly less than the control group (x2 =7.240,P ＜ 0.05).Patients were followed up for 1 year,and the recurrence rate in the control group(16％,11％) were significantly higher than those in the observation group (4％,1％) (x2 =11.290,13.860,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Transureteroscopic holmium laser technology had a significant effect,fewer complications,a low incidence of recurrence and surgery in patients with urethral stricture.