Objective To explore mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on improvement of cognitive function and alleviation of hippocampal insulin resistance in APP/PS 1 transgenetic mice. Method 12 months old female APP/PS 1 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:model group(Tg), EGCG low dose group (Tg/EGCG-L), high dose group(Tg/EGCG-H). C 57 BL/6 J mice were utilized as control. learning and memory ability in 4 group mice were detected by morris water maze test(MWM). The hippocampal TNF-α/JNK signal and IRS-1 pSer 312 expression were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with NT mice, Tg mice showed a marked prolongation of the escape latency and swimming distance in the MWM test(P<0.05);Abnormal activation of TNF-α/JNK signaling and increased IRS-1 pSer 312 expression in the hippocampus of Tg mice(P<0.05). EGCG-treated Tg mice showed significantly improvement of all these abnormal changes(P<0.05). Conclusion EGCG treatment is able to alleviate hippocampal insulin resistance and improve cognitive function in the APP/PS 1 mice. which may be partly attributed to the reduction of TNF-α/JNK signaling activity in this AD mouse model.

Aim To explore the effect of camellia nitidissima polysaccharides (CNP) on acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its mechanism related to regulation of microglia polarization. Method Adult male C57 BIV6 mice were randomly divided into sham-oprated control group, ICH group and CNP group. CNP was intragastrically administered immediately after intracerebral hemorrhagefor a consecutive three days. Neural functional outcomes were evaluated by neurological deficiency score (NDS) , open field test, and adhesive removal test. Blood-brain barrier destruction and pathological injury were detected by Evans blue staining and brain water content. Inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. Microglia phenotypic status was evaluated and determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ( qPCR) analyses, and immunofluorescence labeling. Results CNP significantly reduced neurological deficit scores and ameliorated cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier injury three days after ICH. Also, CNP treatment improved signifi-cantly motor function three days after ICH. In addition, CNP decreased proinflammatory mediators and inhibited the activation of microglia. Furthermore, treatment of CNP decreased microglia Ml markers and increased M2 markers. Conclusion CNP attenuates acute intracerebral hemorrhage thrdugh skewing microglia toward a more anti-inflammatory property.

Objective To investigate the effect of clemastine fumarate on lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits.Methods Fifty New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes,weighing 2.0-3.0 kg,were divided into 3 groups using a random number table:sham operation group (Sham group,n =10),I/R group (n =20) and clemastine fumarate group (Cle group,n =20).The model of lung I/R was established by clamping the left hilum of lung and decreasing the tidal volume followed by restoration of perfusion and ventilation 1 h later in I/R and Cle groups.At 3 h of ventilation in group Sham and 2 and 4 h of reperfusion in I/R and Cle groups,blood samples were collected for determination of serum tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The left lung was lavaged,and the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was colleted for determination of white blood cell count.Lung specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of the ultrastructure of lung tissues and for determination of wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio),expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction) and cell apoptosis (by TUNEL).The apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with Sham group,the W/D ratio,white blood cell count in BALF,serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-8 and apoptosis rate were significantly increased,and the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA was up-regulated in I/R and Cle groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with I/R group,the W/D ratio,white blood cell count in BALF,serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-8 and apoptosis rate were significantly decreased,and the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA was down-regulated in Cle group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly attenuated in Cle group than in I/R group.Conclusion Clemastine fumarate can attenuate lung I/R injury in rabbits.

BACKGROUND:The bioceramics has the ideal pore size, high porosity and the through-hole rate, can provide the ideal physiological activity space for the bone cel repair, and can obviously improve bone conduction. OBJECTIVE:To explore the bone conduction and bone induction in the repair of bone defects in the stage of bone defect of bionic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone. METHODS:A total of 20 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into bioactive glass and biomimetic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone groups, and were used to construct the animal bone damage model. They were given the repair with bioactive glass and biomimetic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4 weeks after model establishment, scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that dense periosteal tissue was observed in the biomimetic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone group. At 8 weeks, dense combination was found, and no obvious fissure existed. At 12 weeks, complete bone demarcation blurred, showing a natural transition. Moreover, the binding site was very dense. There were a large number of new bone tissues, bone trabecula was regular and connected to a piece. The bone material has been largely degraded. Bone defects were repaired completely. The bone density was close to normal bone. At 8 weeks, in the bioactive glass group, the binding site presented obvious fissure. At 12 weeks, the fissure had been connected, but the binding was not tight as compared with the bionic biphasic ceramic biologic active bone group. The bone defect got preliminary repair. A smal number of new bone formed trabecular bone, but could not connect or traverse. There was no recanalization of the marrow cavity. A few continuous bone cal us traversed the broken end. These data demonstrate that bionic biphasic ceramic bioactive bone has good bone conduction, bone induction and biocompatibility in the repair of segmental bone defects.

Objective To investigate the value of CT signs in combination with clinical materials of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) to predict the central lymph node metastasis (CLNM).Methods This article reviewed the CT signs and clinical materials of 366 patients with surgically and pathologically verified PTC.The single factor and multi-factor logistic regression analyses were performed on the relation of tumor position,thyroid marginal contact,calcification,plain scan border,border after enhancement,diameter,age and sex with CLNM.Results Among the 366 patients with PTC,the number of patients with positive CLNM and negative CLNM was 155 and 211 respectively.The single factor and multi-factor logistic regression analysis indicated that the thyroid marginal contact,diameter,age and sex were related with CLNM,and the more common patients diagnosed with CLNM had the following features:thyroid marginal contact,a diameter ＞1.0 cm,age ＜45 years and males (P＜ 0.05).Among the single risk factors,the tumor position,calcification,plain scan border and border after enhancement were unrelated with CLNM (P＞0.05).Conclusion The thyroid margin contact,diameter＞l.0 cm,age＜45 years and males are independent risk factors in diagnosis of positive CLNM.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1 )in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).Methods Sixty-one PBC patients and 59 AIH patients,who were hos-pitalized or visited the outpatient department from June 2012 to September 2013,as well as 50 healthy controls,were included in the study. The PBC patients included 29 incipient cases,21 cases in remission,and 11 recurrent cases;the AIH patients included 26 incipient cases, 20 cases in remission,and 13 recurrent cases.Serum sICAM-1 level was measured by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay,and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)and total bilirubin (TBil)were determined by biochemical enzyme as-say.Comparison between groups was made by analysis of variance;Pearson correlation analysis was performed.Results Among PBC pa-tients,the incipient group and recurrent group had significantly higher serum sICAM-1 levels than the remission group and control group (P=0.000 for all);there was no significant difference in serum sICAM-1 level between the incipient group and recurrent group (P=0.484);the remission group had a significantly higher serum sICAM-1 level than the control group (P=0.000).Among AIH patients, the incipient group and recurrent group had significantly higher serum sICAM-1 levels than the remission group and control group (P=0.000 for all);there was no significant difference in serum sICAM-1 level between the incipient group and recurrent group (P=0.802);no significant difference in serum sICAM-1 level was seen between the remission group and control group (P=0.281).For patients with PBC and AIH,serum sICAM-1 level was positively correlated with serum levels of ALT (r=0.664,P=0.000;r=0.784,P=0.000) and TBil (r=0.715,P=0.000;r=0.580,P=0.000).Conclusion Serum sICAM-1 may be involved in the immunologic injury in PBC and AIH.In patients with PBC and AIH,the elevation of serum sICAM-1 level is closely correlated with the severity of liver damage. Clinical monitoring of serum sICAM-1 level may play an important role in severity assessment,prognostic evaluation,and therapy guidance among patients with autoimmune liver diseases.

To screen and identify the mimotopes for lipopolysaccharide(LPS) epitope, a rand om phage displayed dodecapeptide library was screened with a monoclonal antibody 2B4 spe ci fically against LPS conservative epitope. The positive clones were identified by phage ELISA and competitive inhibition assay by either S.typhi T 8-61 LPS or E.coli O111:B4 LPS. After three rounds of biopanning,the clones binding with 2B4 antibody were well enriched with positive rate of 80%. The bindings between 12 of positive phage clones and screening antibody were competitively inhibited by the two kinds of LPS,indicating that the positive clones have similar epitope with LPS. The positive peptide sequences were deduced from the corresponding DNA sequences. There were identical sequences among them. The seq uences were GPPQWFFSQPQL （5/12，41.7%），LPQYFWNTATTA （3/12，25%），FPQNHWNVP WAT（2/12，16.6%），HSQSFWNAPLAM and AHPWTHGYFPPL （1/12，8.3%） respectively . The results demonstrate that the peptides screened with 2B4 antibody are mimot opes for LPS conservative epitope.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of the morphological changes to deep fascia in distinguishing between benign and malignant soft-tissue tumors in lower limbs using 3.0 T MRI. Methods MR images of 40 consecutive patients with 41 pathologically proven soft-tissue tumors of the lower limbs were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists. Lesions were divided into four groups according to their predominant location with respect to the deep fascia: (1)Subcutaneous lesions superficial to the deep fascia (n=7). (2) Lesions located beneath the deep fascia (n=8). (3) Lesions in the interspaces of the deep fascia investment (n=10). (4) Intramuscular lesions (n=16). The relationship between tumors and the deep fascia and the morphology changes of deep fascia were analyzed. Lesions of groups (1) (2) were considered as superficial lesions, while lesions of group (3) (4) were considered as deeper lesions. The size differences between those had intact deep fascia and those had destructed deep fascia in superficial lesions and in deeper lesions were evaluated by using Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. P values < 0. 05 were considered statistically significant. Results The deep fascial structures were intact in all of the 16 pathologically proven benign lesions. In 23 of the 25 malignant lesions, there was destruction of the deep fascia with the signs of displacement/disruption of the deep fascia and penetrating growth in (1) (2), and displacement/distruption of intermuscular septum as well as involvement of interspaces of the deep fascial investment and loss of integrity of the fascial/muscular planes in (3) (4). Only 2 malignant lesions demonstrate intact deep fascia. In superficial lesions [(1) (2)] , the maximum size were (5.0±3.8) cm (Median ± Interquartile Range) in those had intact deep fascia, and (5.7±6.90) cm in those had destruction signs (T=47.5, P >0.05). In deeper lesions [(3) (4)] the maximum size were (4.6±1.9) cm of those had intact deep fascia, and (13.6±6.5) cm of those had destruction signs (T= 62.5, P <0.01). Distinguish malignant from benign lesions on the signs of destructed deep fascia, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 92.0% (23/25), 100% (16/16), and 95. 1% (39/,41), respectively. Conclusions Tumor involvements and disruption of the deep fascial structures visualized by 3.0 T MR imaging may be of utility in differentiating malignant from benign soft-tissue tumors.

0.05) . Conclusion It is safe to use soda lime containing more than 6.08% of water during enflurane or desflurane anesthesia with low flow (FGF = 500 ml?min-1 ) in children.

Objective:To construct an immune inhibitor of new TNF-?,C-terminal sequence of new rhTNF-? was replaced with sequence of T-help cell of hen egg-white lysozyme(HEL).Methods:The rhTNF-? mutant was cloned 、expressed and purified.Results:The DNA sequencing analysis showed that the C-terminal sequence of new rhTNF-? mutant was correct.The mutant was inserted into pBV220 expression vector .After the recombinant bacteria was incubated at 42℃ for 4 h,a new band of the protein with relative molecular weight of 1.7 kD was shown on the gel.The band amounted to 30 % of total bacteria protein.Western blot showed that the mutant protein could associated with anti-TNF-? antibody.After the protein was purified by through a column of Q-Sepharose Fast Flow, the purity of the protein was above 90%.The biological activity of the protein was measured with L929 cells.The result showed that biological activity of the protein was totally lost.Conclusion:The experimental evidence demonstrated that the construction of new rhTNF-? mutant was successful.The mutant not only can be associated with anti-TNF-? antibody, but also lose the biological activity of original TNF-?. [