Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most significant microvascular complications of diabetes,and its incidence increases with the prolongation of DM;meanwhile,it can lead to severe vision loss.Recently,the pathogenesis of DR has been one of the focuses both at home and abroad,but the basic mechanisms are not fully elucidated.More and more scholars believe that DR may be a chronic and low degree of inflammatory response.Moreover,it is well established that microglia is a monocyte-macrophage,with antigen-presenting function.Especially in the retina,as microglia is activated,followed by the release of a large number of inflammatory factors,microglia involves in DR inflammatory response.Understanding the activation mechanism of microglia can provide a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of DR.Therefore,recent advances in activation of microglia in diabetic retinopathy and its intervention mechanism will be reviewed in the article.

Aged ; Humans ; Kallikreins ; analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; analysis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Proteomics ; methods

Humans ; Liver Diseases

Objective To analyze the factors related to glare occurred after the phakic intraocular lens (P-IOL) implantation,and to raise the standard for the P-IOL selection.Design Retrospective case series.Participants 104 patients with high myopia underwent P-IOL implantation in Beijing Tongren Hospital.Methods In 104 cases,22 cases (22 eyes) were implanted angle supported Phakic6 designed accord with corneal symmetry,54 cases (54 eyes) were implanted iris fixed Verisyse,and 28 cases (28 eyes) were implanted posterior chamber PRL.Selection of the diameter of P-IOL optics depended on P-IOL diopters.The pupil diameter,the P-IOL optic center position,the pupil and corneal center position were measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).The contrast sensitivity (CS) under different condition (day,day and glare,night,night and glare) and in different space frequency (1.5,3,6, 12,18c/d)were examined with Optec6500 system.Main Outcome Measures Glare incidence,CS,and the influence of pupil diameter and P-IOL location to glare.Results None of the 104 P-IOL eyes occurred glare in day time.59 eyes (56.73%) complained of glare in dime condition.The glare incidence was 63.18% (14/22) in Phakic6 eyes,55.56% (30/54) in Verisyse eyes,and 53.27% (15/28) in PRL eyes (P=0.691).CS of all surgical eyes were improved in day time with or without glare luminous environment (P=0.000).And the CS of halo-complaining eyes was lower than of no halo eyes in night time with or without glare luminous environment (P=0.000).Glare oc- curred more frequently in eyes with the pupil diameter larger than P-IOL diameter in clime condition after surgery (10 in Phakic6 eyes, 20 in Verisyse eyes,12 in PRL eyes,all P

Objective To observe and measure the facial nerve canal(FNC) in curved planar reformation by multislice spiral CT.Methods High resolution computed tomography (HRCT)of temporal bone was performed in 40 cases (80 ears) by multislice spiral CT. Curved planar reformation of FNC was performed separately in axial, coronal and sagittal plane of multiplanar reconstruction. The morphology and measurement of FNC were studied.Results The mean length of FNC was (29.73?1.07)mm. The mean length of the labyrinthine, tympanic and mastoid segment was (5.6?0.74)mm, (10.66?0.79)mm and (13.47?1.01)mm respectively. The mean diameter of the l-abyrinthine, geniculate fossa, tympanic and mastoid segment was (0.76?0.16)mm, (2.37?0.63)mm, (1.03?0.16)mm and (1.57?0.31)mm respectively. The mean angle of first and second genu was 67.04??9.41? and 114.25??8.44? respectively. The distance between the tympanic segment and ampulla of the lateral semicircular canal was (0.57?0.19)mm. The distance between the tympanic segment and arch of the lateral semicircular canal was (1.59?0.61)mm. The mean angle between the tympanic segment of the facial nerve canal and the lateral semicircular canal was 10.63??3.60?. The tympanic course of the facial nerve canal formed an angle of 34.65??5.39? with the sagittal plane. Dehiscences was found in 89% FNC, 73.7% of them only located in the tympanic portion and 26.3% both in the mastoid and tympanic portions. Conclusion Curved planar reformation of FNC by multislice spiral CT is the good method to study the anatomy of FNC,and in combination with HRCT axial scan and multiplanar reconstrution can obtain more valuable information.

0.05).The values and ages were positive correlation before age 25(r=0.71～0.91,?0.05).Four main patterns of marrow distribution were identified in the proximal femur.Our data implied that there was progressive marrow fat distribution with age.The diaphyseal red marrow began to convert to yellow marrow after 5 years old and the conversion completed at age of 10.Foci of longer T 1 signals were found in the diaphysis in some of the subjects and the percentage increased with age.The femoral head and the greater trochanter showed yellow marrow signals after ossification.Conclusion Measurement of MRI signal intensity values could be used in evaluating the conversion of red to yellow marrow of the femur.Red and yellow marrow of femur may be distinguished by MRI.We should notice the different MRI feafure in different ages.

Objective To study the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on acute lung injury (ALI) in murine sepsis induced by intra abdominal infection. Methods Wistar rats were subjected to sepsis caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and animals were randomly divided into normal controls ( n =6), sepsis group ( n =18), and PTX treated group ( n =18). Pulmonary biopterin, nitric oxide (NO) levels, and pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were measured, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase Ⅰ (GTP CHI), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF ?) mRNA expression were determined.Results Early treatment with PTX significantly decreased pulmonary MPO activities and TNF ?mRNA expression at 2 hours after CLP. Meanwhile, pulmonary biopterin, NO, GTP CHI, and iNOS mRNA expression levels were much lower in the treatment group than those in the non treatment group ( P

Objective This paper addresses the standardization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) nomenclature translation and put forward suggestions through a comparative study on English translations of TCM terms for liver and gallbladder diseases.Method With the principle of standardization, the principle of correspondence, the principle of readability and the principle of nationalism as the possible criteria, translations of 8 TCM terms available in 7 publications at home and abroad are compared and analyzed.Results 5 of the 8 terms have at least two English versions. The principle of standardization and the principle of readability are violated more frequently than the other two.Conclusion The standardization of TCM nomenclature is progressing steadily.However, efforts are still necessary for translators to improve English language proficiency. The principle of standardization and the principle of readability need to be further enhanced.

Standardization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)term translation is the focus of TCM translation studies. Based on the Skopos theory and our interviews to 6 internationals, this paper aims to explore the purposes and principles of TCM term translation from the perspective of the client, the translator and the addressee. Finally, four fundamental principles of TCM term translation are summarized in order to provide references for the standardization of TCM term translation.