1. Free and liposome form of gallic acid improves calvarial bone wound healing in Wistar rats
Ahmet ALTAN ; Sefa ÇOLAK ; Nihat AKBULUT ; Hatice YUCE ; Őzkan KARATAŞ ; Mehmet TAŞKAN ; Fikret GEVREK
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2020;10(4):156-163
Objective: To evaluate the effect of free and liposome form of gallic acid on bone regeneration in critical defects in Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-two female Wistar rats were divided into four study groups: group 1, negative control; group 2, positive control; group 3, gallic acid powder; group 4, gallic acid liposome. A critical-sized defect was created in all rats. Groups 2 to 4 had xenograft, autograft and membrane placement while negative control rats did not receive any treatment. The defect area was sutured and rats were kept alive for 30 d. At the end of the study, a bone specimen including the defect area was removed from calvaría. All specimens were evaluated under the stereomicroscope, then underwent histological analysis. Inflammatory cell counts, osteoblast, osteoclast counts, receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and alkaline phosphatase were determined. Results: The biggest unhealed defect area was observed in the negative control group and the smallest was observed in the gallic acid liposome group. There were no differences between the positive control group vs. the gallic acid powder group and the gallic acid powder group vs. the gallic acid liposome group. The severity of inflammation was the highest in the negative control group and the lowest in the gallic acid liposome group with significant differences between the groups. All groups had similar osteoblast counts while osteoclast counts were the highest in the positive control group. Gallic acid groups had a lower number of osteoclasts compared with the positive control group. Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase levels were similar in the groups while OPG and BMP-2 levels exhibited a significant increase compared with the negative control group and the positive control group. RANKL was similar in the negative control group, the positive control group, and the gallic acid powder groups but decreased in the gallic acid liposome group. Conclusions: Gallic acid powder and liposome significantly improve bone regeneration in Wistar rats with calvarial defects. The improvement in healing is evident with decreased inflammation and RANKL expressions and increased OPG and BMP-2 expressions. Altan Ahmet 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat Yuce Hatice 2 Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat Karataş Őzkan 3 Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat Taşkan Mehmet 4 Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat Gevrek Fikret 5 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat Çolak Sefa 6 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat Akbulut Nihat 7 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat Al Anouti F, Taha Z, Shamim S, Khalaf K, Al Kaabi L, Alsafar H. An insight into the paradigms of osteoporosis: From genetics to biomechanics. Bone Rep 2019; 11:100216. Doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100216. Croes M, van der Wal BC, Vogely HC. 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2.Histopathologic Changes in Dental Follicle Associated with Radiographically Normal Impacted Lower Third Molars
Ahmet Altan ; Sefa Ç ; olak ; Elif Akç ; ay ; Nihat Akbulut
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2023;18(no.1):19-26
Impacted third molar extractions are one of the most common oral surgical procedures. In cases
where a pathological condition is observed, it is relatively easy to decide on surgery. However, cystic
changes can be observed in follicular tissues even in cases where pathological changes are not observed on radiography. The present study aimed to evaluate the histopathologic changes in dental follicles associated with radiographically normal impacted lower third molar. One hundred and one dental follicles were obtained after third molar surgeries. The patients with follicular width of less than 2.5 mm in the panoramic radiographs were included in the study. The relationships between pathological changes in follicular tissues and angular position of impacted teeth, age and gender were statistically examined. Cystic changes were observed in 65 (64.3%) of 101 follicles examined. The relationship between cystic changes and the angular position of impacted lower third molars was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Cystic changes were observed in 13 (43.3%) of 30 mesioangular teeth, 24 (80%) of 30 vertical teeth, 19 (65.5%) of 29 horizontal teeth, and 9 (75%) of 12 distoangular teeth. About 60% of cystic changes and 64.06% of inflammation occurred in patients between the ages of 20 and 30. Cystic changes can be observed in the follicular tissues of impacted lower third molars that are radiographically normal. There is a probability of histopathological changes, especially in patients over the age of 20 years and in the impacted lower third molars in the vertical position.