Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have received great attention in the studies of therapeutic methods of cerebral ischemia in recent years. This article reviews its research Status Quo and some unsolved problems.

AIM: To evaluate the characteristic and explore the mechanism of MAE on Semen Cassiae by comparing MAE with commonly used extraction method. METHODS : The amount of anthraquinone was determined by spectrophotometer. The surface and cross section of Semen Cassiae were observed by microphotography. RESULTS : Among the four methods,the efficiency of MAE is 16 times that of ultrasonic extraction,3 times that of Sohlex extraction and 1.1 times of decocting by water,respectively. Micrographs taken after extraction differed markedly indicated that the degree of damage varied considerably. CONCLUSION : The MAE method is more advantageous than other traditional extraction methods (Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonic extraction) with regard to the extraction yield and the time and cost of the procedure.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristic and explore the mechanism of microwave extraction (MAE) in extracting Chinese medicines by comparing with conventional extractions on Radix et Rhizoma Rhei. Methods : The sum of anthraquinone was determined by spectrophotometry and aphrostase in paraffin section was observed by microphotography. Results : Among the four methods, the efficiency of MAE was significantly the highest, which was 3.5 times of supersonic extraction and 1.5 times of Sohlex extraction and 1.5 times of decocting by water, respectively. The time of MAE was the shortest. MAE could destroy the cell organization to pick up the speed of dissolving. Conclusion : MAE is efficient, saving energy and time in extracting Chinese medicines.

Object To explore the regularity of microwave extraction (ME) on Chinese medicines in different morphological structure and different polar compositions. Methods Anthraquinone in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (RRR), Semen Cassiae (SC), cholorogenic acid in Flos Lonicerae, baicalin in Radix Scutellariae were determined as index compositions by HPLC. The extraction rate was measured by orthogonal design. Results ME selectivity to different anthraquinone in RRR is not significant, while at the same temperature, the extraction rates of emodin, chrysophanol, physcion in RRR are higher than those in SC. Conclusion The ME selectivity to the different morphological structure of Chinese medicines is obvious, but to the different polar compositions is not distinct.

AIM　To explore the biotransformation of compound 7-(4-chlorbenzyl)-7,8,13,13a-tetrahydroberberine in the rabbit. METHODS　Analyze the rabbit bile sample with HPLC, LC/MS and LC/NMR. RESULTS　A metabolite and unchanged 7-(4-chlorbenzyl)-7,8,13,13a-tetrahydroberberine were found in the rabit bile, the metabolite was characterized and its structure was elucidated. CONCLUSION　Compound 7-(4-chlorbenzyl)-7,8,13,13a-tetrahydroberberine is metabolized by demethylation at 10-OCH3 position.

OBJECTIVETo study plasma protein binding rate of bufalin.

METHODHPLC was employed to determine the concentration of bufalin. Plasma protein binding rate studies were conducted by equilibrium dialysis method. The influence of drug concentration and plasma in different species on plasma protein binding rate were studied.

RESULTThere was no significant difference in the plasma protein binding rates at low, middle and high bufalin concentrations in dilution medium. The protein binding rate of bufalin in human plasma was higher than in the rat plasma.

CONCLUSIONBufalin has higher protein binding extent with both rat plasma and human plasma.

Animals ; Blood Proteins ; chemistry ; Bufanolides ; chemistry ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effect of Fasudil-modified macrophages on cell transferred experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE) in a mouse model.Methods Fe-male C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG35-55 to establish the model of EAE.The encephalomyelitic mononuclear cells ( MNCs) were isolated from spleen of mice with EAE on day 9 after immunization and treated with or without Fasudil for 72 h in vitro.Several assays including the flow cytometry analysis, Griess reaction and ELISA were performed to analyze the M1 and M2 phenotypes of macrophages, the production of NO and the levels of cytokines, respectively.The cultured MNCs (5×107 cells) were resuspended in 500μl of PBS and transferred into na?ve C57BL/6 recipients via intraperitoneal injection.Two groups including the PBS-MNCs group and the Fasudil-MNCs group were set up.The body weights and clinical scores of the mice in each group were recorded in every other days after the induction of EAE in the recipients.Results The Fasudil treated MNCs affected the induction of EAE in adoptive cell transferred mice.The expression of CD16/32, iNOS and IL-12 on F4/80-macrophages were decreased, while the expression of CD206, CD23 and IL-10 on F4/80-macrophages were increased upon the treatment of Fasudil, indicating that Fasudil im-proved the differentiation of macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotypes.Moreover, Fasudil inhibited the pro-duction of NO and enhanced the expression of Arginase-1.Conclusion Fasudil ameliorated the clinical se-verity of EAE in mice by promoting the transformation of macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype.

OBJECTIVETo prepare and evaluate brucine-loaded polylacticacid nanoparticles (Bru-PLA-NPs).

METHODThe Bru-PLA-NPs were prepared by solvent diffusion method. The physical, chemical properties and in vitro release behavior of the prepared Bru-PLA-NPs were evaluated, respectively.

RESULTThe mean particle size of the prepared Bru-PLA-NPs was 95 nm with polydispersity index of 0.362. The zeta potential was -15.68 mV. The mean loading and entrapment efficiency of Bru were 7% and 37%, respectively. Compared with Bru solution, an obvious sustained release behavior of Bru from Bru-PLA-NPs was observed in the in vitro release experiment.

CONCLUSIONThe Bru-PLA-NPs prepared by solvent diffusion method exhibit small particle size, high Bru-loading efficiency, and obvious sustained release in vitro

Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Strychnine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry

In recent years ,as a novel drug delivery system ,gold nanoparticles have attracted widespread attention .Be-cause of their special physicochemical properties ,such as quantum size effect ,unique optical phenomenon ,easily reacting with thiol compounds or disulfides and so on ,gold nanoparticles can delivery variety of types of drugs ,like proteins ,nucleic acid , small molecular drugs ,therefore they can be applied in tumor treatment and detection .In this paper the preparation of drug-loading gold nanoparticles ,their drug-loading ways and safety issues were reviewed .

OBJECTIVETo prepare vincristine sulphate loaded poly (butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (VCR-PBCA-NPs) and to investigate the in vitro release charactersitics.

METHODVCR-PBCA-NPs were prepared by emulsion polymerization method, and characterized for morphology, particle size, drug encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency. The formulation was optimized using central composite design and response surface methodology. In vitro release study of VCR-PBCA-NPs was performed by dialysis technique. Model fitting was used to determine the kinetics and to discuss the mechanism.

RESULTThe nanoparticles were spherical and uniform with a mean diameter of (98.9 +/- 3.05) nm. The drug encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency were (55.23 +/- 0.96)% and (7.87 +/- 0.11)%, respectively. In vitro release results showed that 63.66% of VCR was released from VCR-PBCA-NPs in 4 h, and the Weibull model fitted VCR release pattern best.

CONCLUSIONThe VCR-PBCA-NPs prepared in this study showed sustained release compared with VCR solution.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Cyanoacrylates ; analysis ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Emulsions ; Enbucrilate ; chemistry ; In Vitro Techniques ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Vincristine ; chemistry