BACKGROUND: There are reports that exogenous pulmonary surfactant (PS)participating in acute asthma attacks in rats with asthma and has correlation with epidermal growth factor(EGF) and expression of EGFmRNA.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of PS on EGF and EGFmRNA in asthmatic rats.DESIGN: Controlled experimental study on experimental animals.SETTING: Respiratory departmentof a military medical university affiliated hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in Laboratory 2 of Experiment Animal Center; Immunohistochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pathology of Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from April 2004 to July 2004. Sixty male SD rats weighting 100 - 120 g were provided by the Experiment Animal Center of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups, that is normal control group, asthma control group(asthma group) and PS treatment group (treatment group) with 20 rats in each group.METHODS: The models of asthmatic rats were established. 1mL of immunogen stock suspension and 1 mL trachitis vaccine were injected intraperitoneally into the rats in the asthma group and treatment group respectively, and the normal control group were treated with the same volume of saline. Two weeks after being allergic, 10 g/L oval bumin were given to the asthma group and treatment group. The normal control group was given saline ultrasonic nebulization for 20 minutes; the treatment group was performed atomizing inhalation PS 100 mg/kg driving by oxygen before each provocation. The expression of EGF was detected with immunohistochemistry and the expression of EGF mRNA was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The onset condition of the rats in each group and the comparison of the level of EGF and the expression of EGFmRNA in lung tissue of the bronchus.RUSULTS: There were 20 rats entered the result analysis in each group. Onset rate of asthma in asthma group [90% (18/20) ] was higher than that in the treatment group[5% ( 1/20) ] (x2 = 28.97, P ＜ 0.01 ). The image analysis of the EGF expression showed that the absorbance in the asthma group(9. 652 ± 1. 086) was higher than that in the normal control group (3. 267 ± 0. 986) ( t = 18. 552, P ＜ 0.01 ). The absorbance in the treatment group(4. 132 ± 1. 012) was similar to that in the control group( P ＞ 0.05);The electrophoresis bands of mRNA amplified products in each group showed that in the normal control group the expression was weak and it was strong in the asthma group. The expression in the treatment group was obviously weaker than that in the control group.CONCLUSION: Exogenous PS can reduce the onset of asthma and its mechanism might be related with inhibiting the synthesis and release of EGF.

Based on the review of development course of interventional radiology in China during the period of more than twenty years, to analyse emphatically the main problems impeding the continuous development of interventional radiology, included the branch position of "Interventional Radiology" not be defined clearly in the medicines, the professional association not to do its best in the management and guidance, the professional quality of the personnel not to be properly trained, as well as the insufficiencies of foundation and experimental studies, etc. And in this paper, the corresponding countermeasures of solving those problems have been primarily explored by the authors, and pointed out as follows: to improve perfectly the branch construction of the "Interventional Radiology" and the training system of special personnel; to raise the grade and function of the professional association and periodical; to lay stress on the foundation and experimental studies; to further deepen the clinical study and correctly deal with the relation between this branch and the other clinical departments, etc.

Objective To establish an infection model using Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans)-extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (XDRKP)system.Methods Clinically isolated XDRKP strains were used to infect C.elegans in the liquid killing assay,the nematode survival and the number of bacteria in C.elegans digestive tract was observed.Results C.elegans was significantly retarded after being infected by XDRKP,different concentra-tions of XDRKP led to different patterns of the worm death.Log-rank test showed that survival curves of C. elegans infected with 1 .5×106 CFU/mL of XDRKP and E.coli OP50 (control)were not significantly different (χ2 =0.08,P >0.05);survival curves of C.elegans infected with 1 .5 ×107 CFU/mL,1 .5 ×108 CFU/mL of XDRKP and E.coli OP50 were significantly different(χ2 =229.37,275.98,respectively,both P <0.001).The survival rates of 1 .5×108 and 1 .5 ×107 CFU/mL XDRKP groups were both lower than that of the control group.Supernatant suspension obtained from test was performed bacterial culture,identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, XDRKP was determined.After being infected with XDRKP 4,6,12,and 24 hours,the total number of bacteria in C.elegans were(0.28±0.02)×105 CFU/mL,(0.50 ±0.38)×105 CFU/mL,(1 .73 ±0.56)×105 CFU/mL,and (2.62±0.53)×105 CFU/mL,respectively,the number of bacteria in C.elegans digestive tract was significantly different at different time points (F =1 363.39,P <0.001).Conclusion The infection model of C.elegans-XDRKP is established successfully.

Abstract: Objective　To explore the diagnostic value and advantage of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of Strongyloidiasis co-infected with other pathogens. Methods　According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the clinical data of 5 patients diagnosed with Strongyloides stercoralis in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from November 2020 to October 2022 were retrospectively collected. The clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed, and the positive rates of Strongyloides stercoralis in 6 samples from 5 patients were compared by using mNGS and liquid-based cytology microscopy, and the detection rates of Strongyloides stercoralis eggs in the feces of 5 patients were compared by using the fecal direct smear method. The consistency between mNGS and bacterial and fungal culture results of the 6 samples was analyzed and compared. Results　Three of the 5 patients were farmers. All 5 patients had underlying diseases, with fever and cough as the main clinical manifestations, and the imaging features were mostly glass shadow and density shadow. Blood routine examination showed an increase in the percentage of neutrophils in 4 of the 5 patients, and none of the 5 patients had an increase in eosinophils. Procalcitonin levels were elevated in all five patients. Among the 6 samples from the 5 patients, the detection rate of Strongyloides stercoralis detection by mNGS was 100%, and the detection rate of liquid-based cytology was 50%. The detection rate of Strongyloides stercoralis eggs using the direct fecal smear method was 20% in 5 patients. Among the 6 samples, Human betaherpesvirus 5 was detected by mNGS, and Pneumocystis jirovecii was detected in 3 samples, Aspergillus fumigates was detected in 3 samples, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 2 samples. Except for Strongyloides stercoralis and viruses detected by mNGS, the results of routine culture were completely consistent with those of bacteria and fungi detected by mNGS in 1 sample, inconsistent in 2 samples, and partially consistent in 3 samples. Conclusions　The detection rate of Strongyloides stercoralis by mNGS may be higher than that by fecal direct smear and liquid-based cytology. Compared to conventional bacterial and fungal cultures, mNGS has a wide detection range and may be more suitable for the detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection co-infected with other pathogens. It presents significant diagnostic advantages for mixed infections and may be used as an early diagnosis method for Strongyloides stercoralis infection.

The expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT(2)R) in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) of the adrenal gland was detected, and their relationship with clinical indexes of APA was analyzed. The mRNA expression of AT(1)R and AT(2)R in 50 cases of APA and tissues adjacent to tumors and 12 cases of normal adrenal tissues was detected by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of AT(1)R and AT(2)R proteins in paraffin-embedded slices of tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of AT(1)R in adenoma, tissues adjacent to tumor, and normal tissues of the adrenal gland showed no significant differences. The expression of AT(2)R in APA tissue was lower than that in normal adrenal gland tissues (P<0.05). Correlation analysis of the mRNA expression level of AT(2)R and clinical data from patients demonstrated that AT(2)R expression was negatively related to plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) (r=-0.467, P<0.05), but positively related with plasma renin activity (PRA) (r=0.604, P<0.05). It is concluded that down-regulation of the AT(2)R expression is possibly related with the tumorigenesis of APA.

Objective:To investigate the effect of attention and interpretation therapy on posttraumatic stress disorder and perceived stress of parents with children having developmental dislocation of the hip.Methods:Totally 96 parents with children having developmental dislocation of the hip from women and children hospital of Hubei province were divided into experimental group ( n=46) and control group ( n=46) according to the random number table method. The control group received routine postoperative DDH care. On the basis of this, the experimental group was given attention and interpretation therapy for 8 weeks. Before intervention and at the end of intervention, the effects were assessed by Posttraumatic Stress Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS). Results:After intervention, the scores of arousal symptoms, avoidance/numbing, re-experiencing symptoms and total PCL-C scores were 8.47±2.30, 10.67±2.67, 7.49±2.63, 26.62±4.10, in addition, the scores of sense of tension, sense of out of control and total scores of CPSS were 11.71±2.21, 11.27±2.95, 22.98±3.77, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (9.45±2.33, 12.39±2.43, 8.93±2.79, 30.77±5.30, 12.86±3.05, 13.09±3.46, 25.95±4.52), the difference was statistically significant ( t value was 2.013-4.135, P<0.05). Conclusion:Attention and interpretation therapy can effectively relieve posttraumatic stress disorder symptom and alleviate perceived stress level of parents with children having developmental dislocation of the hip.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical pathology of cavernous venous malformations of the body surface.

METHODSTissue samples of cavernous venous malformations from 42 cases were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe the pathologic structure. The clinical manifestations and case history were summarized accordingly.

RESULTSThere was no distribution difference of the malformation in sex and body sides, but with obvious difference in anatomic sites. The malformation occurred most frequently at the head and neck, more frequently at extremities and least frequently at the trunk. According to pathologic structure, cavernous venous malformations of the body surface can be divided into three types: the cellular, the canaliform and the mixed.

CONCLUSIONThe cause of distribution difference in anatomic sites remains unclear. Internal hemorrhage and infection may account for the increased growth and ache of the lesion. The different pathologic structure of the malformation may cause different clinical manifestations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; complications ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infection ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; etiology ; Sex Factors ; Skin ; blood supply ; pathology ; Veins ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and significance of structural proteins, VEGF and Ang-1 in cavernous venous malformations of the body surface.

METHODSTissue samples came from 25 cases of cavernous venous malformations, 12 cases of normal moderate veins and 12 cases of normal small veins. Envision immunohistochemical stain was used to investigate the expression of IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin, VEGF and Ang-1. The results were analyzed semi-quantitatively.

RESULTSThe distribution of structural proteins in cavernous venous malformations is similar to moderate and small veins, but the expression in venous malformations is less obviously. VEGF expression in cavernous venous malformations and small veins is stronger obviously than moderate veins. Ang-1 expression in small veins is stronger remarkably than cavernous venous malformations and moderate veins.

CONCLUSIONThe abnormal expression of structural proteins may be an important factor in etiopathology and progress of cavernous venous malformations. There is disturbance of blood vessel remodelling in the sinusoid of cavernous venous malformations, with which the less expression of Ang-1 may be related.

Angiopoietin-1 ; metabolism ; Collagen Type IV ; metabolism ; Fibronectins ; analysis ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; metabolism ; Humans ; Laminin ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Veins ; abnormalities ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of Fas/FasL in infantile hemangiomas and discuss the role of Fas/FasL in the pathologic evolution of infantile hemangioma.

METHODThe EnVision immunohistochemical stain and RT-PCR technique was used to examine the expression of Fas/FasL protein and mRNA in the infantile hemangiomas.

RESULTS(1) In the early and middle proliferating stage, a number of infantile hemangioma cells expressed Fas. In the late proliferating stage, the number of positive cells increased obviously and the expression of Fas mRNA was reaching the strongest level. In the early regressing stage the Fas still existed in some cells and after that the expression decreased quickly. (2) Up to the middle proliferating stage, there were a few of FasL(+) cells foound. In the late proliferating stage, the number of FasL(+) cells increased significantly. From the early regressing stage, the number of FasL(+) cells decreased rapidly and disappeared.

CONCLUSIONThere may exist significant correlation between the expression of Fas/FasL and the development of the infantile hemangioma cells. The apoptosis of the infantile hemangioma cells mediated by Fas/ FasL may be the major reason of the spontaneous involution of infantile hemangioma.

Apoptosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Fas Ligand Protein ; metabolism ; Hemangioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Infant ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

This study aimed to determine whether aldosterone could induce vascular cell apoptosis in vivo. Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: vehicle (control), aldosterone, aldosterone plus eplerenone or hydralazine. They were then implanted with an osmotic mini-pump that infused either aldosterone or the vehicle. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly by the tail-cuff method. After 8 weeks, plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and renin activity (PRA) were determined by radioimmunoassay. Aortic apoptosis was examined by TUNEL assay. The levels of cytochrome c and caspase-3 were determined by Western blotting and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by immnuohistochemistry and Western blotting. The results showed that as compared with control group, aldosterone-infused rats exhibited: (1) an increase in SBP; (2) significantly elevated PAC with depressed PRA; (3) elevated aortic vascular cell apoptosis accompanied with higher levels of cytochrome c and activated caspase-3; and (4) significantly up-regulated Bax protein with down-regulated Bcl-2. These effects of aldosterone were significantly inhibited after co-administration with eplerenone but not with hydralazine. It was concluded that aldosterone induced vascular cell apoptosis by its direct effect on the aorta via mineralocorticoid receptors and independently of blood pressure, which may contribute to aldosterone-mediated vascular injury.