The gastroduodenal ulceration is a common disease in which rate of duodenal ulceration was higher 4 times than gastric ulceration. The causes of ulceration were excessive acid, impairment of factors for mucosal protection and presence of H. pylori. 100 patients with duodenal ulceration diagnosed by histology and endoscopy with diameter of ulceration more than 0.5 cm were divided into 2 groups; group 1: patients used lanzor + amoxycilline + dimixen and group 2: patient used losec + amoxycilline + dimixen. After 1 month of the treatment, patients in two groups were well tolerated. The rate of pain relief, scar healing in the group 2 was better than these in the group 2. The side effects in the two groups were little. The rate of side effects in the group 2 was lower than this in the group 1.
duodenal ulcer ; Duodenal Diseases ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Theophylline is one of drugs, which have the confined concentration of treatment (10-20mcrg/ml). Uptake, release depend significantly on individuals, thus the control of concentration is the obligatory affair to guarantee effective and safe. Many studies have been demonstrated that the concentration of theophylline in saliva and plasma have been had closely interrelated rate and quite stable. This rate about 0.5-0.6. Therefore, the suggestion use of concentration of theophylline in saliva to evaluate on comparing bioavalbility of manufactured products, which is necessary affair with high practicability
Theophylline ; Saliva ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

At Hospital No175 from 1998 to 2001, the study was conducted on 152 subjects (78 female, 74 male), no statistically significant difference of age, divided into various groups: group of due to stone (40 subjects), group of AIGB combining with stenosis of MBD (42 subjects). Two control group comprise of IGB due to stone (36 subjects), group of stenosis of MBD due to stone (34 subjects). In AIGB the dimention of gall bladder (+B) was not enlarged. The variation of this dimention relates to the severity of stenosis of MBD or the shrinkage of the GB. Murphy sign varies according to the severity of stenosis. The signs in internal wall of GB is the main symptoms reflecting the variation of the wall and the condition in GB. Acute damage of the wall of GB does not change sigificantly the ultrasonic sign of chronic inflammation in the wall of GB. For strenthening the accurary of the diagnosis it must not any sign note solitarily but it has to combine 2-3 signs
Gallbladder ; Cholecystitis ; Gallstones

Naturenz, a mixture of plant oxydase, protease, natural anti-oxydants, aminoacids and vitamins has been used for treating dioxin exposed patients. This preparation can improve the patients status. An icrease of SH-group, of total hem content and of anilin hydroxylase acitivty in blood, a decreasing of urine urobilinogen was notified on patients after administration
Dioxins ; Chemistry ; Poisons

Previous papers have reported that polyphenols from green tea (Camelia sinensis L.) were useful for controlling dental caries. This study examined the effects of the ethanol total polyphenol extract (CX) of green tea leaves on dental caries causing Streptococcus mutans. CX showed to inhibit the glycolysis, biofilm formation and respiration of S. mutans. At the concentration of 0.05%, CX suppressed 30% oxygen consumption in glucose excessive medium, totally inhibited NADH oxidase activity and killed the bacteria with D value of about 13 minutes. The combination of 0.025% CX and 0.25 mM NaF blocked pH drop during glycolysis. Polyphenols from green tea leaves inhibited therefore the adherence of S. mutans in vitro and proved to be effective against dental caries.
Tea ; Plants ; Biochemistry ; Dental Caries ; Streptococcus mutans

AIM To observe the effect of APS on bone marrow and spleen progenitor cells in MMC induced myelosuppression in mice. MEHTODS MMC 7 mg?kg -1 was injected ip on day 0, APS 100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 was given sc in 3 regimens ① on day 0～4, ② on day 0～11,③ 12 doses in 3 weeks. RESULT APS increased the number of bone marrow progenitor cells(CFU C) of MMC treated mice 3 fold, from 1 870 ?40 per femur to 6 240 ?110 per femur on day 3.APS treatment resulted in a higher level of bone marrow CFU C at all time points from day 3 to day 18, in comparison with the control group. APS also significantly stimulated the proliferation of spleen progenitor cells on day 14 (3 fold of control) and day 18(2 fold of control) after MMC treatment, however APS had no effect on spleen progenitor cells before day 14. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that APS enhances the proliferation and maturation of the progenitors of peripheral blood cells in MMC treated mice.

Background: In Vietnam, the proportion infertile couples was about 7-10% of reproductive couples. Assisted reproductive technologies appeared and expanded rapidly. In 1970, sperm preparation techniques were found out, artificial insemination became widespread. Sperm preparation stage is very important in assisted reproductive techniques and increasingly improved. Objectives: To compare the efficiency of two sperm preparation techniques: swim \ufffd?up and discontinuous density gradient. Subjects and method: This was a cross-sectional described study included 30 normal semen samples were chosen based on WHO 1999 criteria. We examined sperm vitality, concentration, motility, morphology before and after applied these techniques. Results: Both procedures resulted in a significant higher percentage of vitality, motility, morphology compared with the original semen sample (p<0.01), but the concentration reduced approximately 5 times from whole semen to sediment when swim \ufffd?up was used and 3 times with density gradient, the difference was statically significant (p< 0.01). Conclusion: Normal semen should be prepared by these method. But in oligozoospermic man, to obtain a higher concentration of sperm, semen should be prepared by density gradient method.
Spermatozoa ; Centrifugation ; Density Gradient ;

Introduction: Smoking amongst medical students is rather common practice. According to a WHO report in 1989, the rate of smoking among the students of Hanoi Medical University was 38.3%. However, there has not been any investigation aimed at reevaluating the smoking situation among students of this university.\r\n', u'Objectives: To understand the smoking situation and factors that influences the students of Hanoi Medical University. \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: A questionnaire on tobacco use among youths, which was documented by the Institute of Global Tobacco Control, is used to collect the data. \r\n', u'Results: The smoking rate is 23.6%, (43.4% in men versus 1.3% in women). Average age of first use is about 19 years of age. Smoking trend increases across the age groups and academic years, while the intention of quitting cigarette decreases across age cohorts. 4 factors affecting smoking are belief, attitude to cigarette control, exposure to family and friends that smoke. The relationship between knowledge and smoking is not statistically significant. \r\n', u"Conclusion: Smoking among medical students in Hanoi Medical University is relatively prevalent. Early impaction is necessary to promote quitting cigarettes. Impact on knowledge is not enough; it also needs to focus on the surrounding environment of students through their family members and friends. Like direct interventions on the students' family and friends as both receivers and providers of intervention. Consolidating beliefs and attitudes to tobacco control also plays a critical part. \r\n", u'
Students ; medical students ; Hanoi Medical University ; Cigarette ; smoking cigarettes

Background: Smoking is a well-known cause of many diseases. The rate of smoking in Vietnam was 38.8%. Smoking among medical students is also common, although they have to set an example for ordinary people. Objectives: To describe the smoking situation among the students of Hue Medical University (HMU) and determine some of the factors relating to their smoking behaviour. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to October 2004 on 1470 medical students of HMU in the academic year 2003-2004, using a questionnaire of the Institute of Global Tobaco Control on tobaco use among youth. Results: Overall smoking rate was quite high (35%), predominantly in men (58.4% in men vs. 13.4% in women). The mean age of first use was nearly 19 years old. The trend and extent of smoking increased with age groups and academic years. Older students tended to display a higher intension rate of quitting cigarette. The 5 factors related to smoking behaviours were as followed: knowledge of socioeconomic hazards of smoking; attitudes when a cigarette offered by close friends; attitudes when exposed to a smoking person; having close relatives smoking; and having close friends smoking. Conclusion: Smoking among Hue medical students was prevalent. It is necessary to have early interventional impacts on the environment around them through their friends and relatives, and to encourage the positive attitude of medical students in the cigarette prevention and control. It is also needed to conduct a longitudinal study to assess the trend of smoking and quitting over the time of these students.
Smoking ; medical student

Background: There is an increase in HIV/AIDS among rehabilitation practitioners in Centers of social labor education. Objective: (1) to evaluate prevalence of HIV and morbidity model of rehabilitation practitioners with HIV(+). (2) To describe knowledge of HIV-infection and health of rehabilitation practitioners with HIV(+). (3) To determine need of counseling related to test, treatment and care of rehabilitation practitioners with HIV (+). Subjects and methods: 297 rehabilitation practitioners in Centers of Social Labor Education No.1 surveyed using structured questionnaire, group discussion, in-depth interview. Results: There were 103 rehabilitation practitioner with HIV(+) accounting for 36%. Morbidity patterns among HIV(+) carriers: 36.2% had combined diseases; HCV 74%; co-infected with HBV (18%); recurrence of one disease 11.%; still good immunology response (74.3% hadTCD4>500 cells/mm3). \r\n', u'49.5% perceived AIDS conversion time, about 30% understood on preventing HIV transmission. Common practice was self-treatment (46%) or checking in local general hospitals (38.5%). There was a great need of drug users in Centers of Social Labor Education No.1 for counseling, testing, providing information, ARV treatment and referral system, connecting them to their relatives. Conclusion: HIV-CTR (counseling, testing and referrals services) model should be soon developed in the Center)\r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Counseling ; Animal Testing Alternatives ; Therapeutics ;