ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of recombinant thioredoxin (TRX)on apoptosis of myocardium cell in viral myocarditis of mice.MethodsTwenty-four Balb/c mice,weighting 12 - 14 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups:the control group,the virus group and the protective group,8 mice in each group.The virus group and the protective group were injected with 0.1 ml 100TCID50 Coxackie virus B3 (CVB3)intraperitoneally,and the control group was injected equal volume of saline.Therewithal the protective group was injected with TRX(2 mg/kg) by tail vein,and the virus group was injected saline the same way.After 14 days all mice were killed and hearts were taken.Changes of myocardial histopathology was observed with optical microscope,cell apoptosis was checked by TUNEL technique,and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2,caspase-3)in infiltrated cell of myocardium was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results(①)Lymphocyte infiltration and necrosis were observed in survivals of the virus group,sporadic coagulation necrosis and ballooning degeneration of cells were observed in the protective group,however no myocardial lesion was found in the control group.(②)TUNEL technique showed that the positive ratio of apoptosis in the virus group and the protective group[(90.23 ± 3.63)％,(20.02 ± 2.41)％] was significantly higher than that of the control group(0.00 ± 0.00,all P ＜ 0.05),the positive ratio of apoptosis in the protective group was significantly lower than that of the virus group (P ＜ 0.05 ).(③)Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of protein Bcl-2(+,++,+++) in the virus group and the protective group was significantly higher than that of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The expression of protein Bcl-2 in the protective group was significantly higher than that of the virus group(P ＜ 0.05).The expression of caspase-3 (+,++) was significantly higher in the virus group and the protective group than the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the virus group,the expression of caspase-3 in the protective group was significantly lower(P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionTRX could inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis in viral myocarditis mice and the inhibition is related to regulation of apoptosis-related protein expression.

Enhancing medical students' humane quality education is an urgent requirement for modem medical mode transformation for medical education.The pharmacology teachers of Chongqing Medical University follow the modem education concepts and fully search the human spirit materials hidden in pharmacology,then actively explore how to integrate the humanity spirit education into the pharmacology teaching to achieve the changes of from exam-oriented education to quality education.

As one of the primary prevention measures to reduce birth defects , the premarital healthcare service has played an important role in the prevention of communicable diseases , maintaining the harmonious and happy mar-riage, health and other aspects of protection of the next generation .Different countries and regions also design and implement the premarital medical examination system based on their actual situations .This article summarized the practices, characteristics and experiences of premarital healthcare services in some foreign countries and regions through several aspects including model , set projects content , financing and other aspects of the application of the premarital results.Finally, this paper put forwards suggestions on the premarital healthcare services in our country to help healthy the carrying out of the premarital work .

Objective To investigate the management and control of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) and its associated factors.Methods Data of 726in-patients with CKD and hypertension who hospitalized in our hospital from March 2009 to April 2010 were studied.Results 91.74％ of patients was treated with antihypertensive medications,and 21.21％, 22.59％, 19.56％, 28.37％ of patients received 1, 2, 3, ≥4 antihypertensive drugs,respectively.42.4％ of patients with CKD and hypertension could be controlled up to the standard,and the mean blood pressure was(137.86±20.75)/(76.30±11.35) mm Hg.There was significant difference among stage 1 plus 2, 3, 4 plus 5 (non-dialysis), 5 (dialysis) kidney diseases, with the hypertension control rate being 50.8％, 46.7％, 42.0％, 33.5％, respectively.The hypertension control rate of non-dialysis patients was significantly higher than that of dialysis (44.9％ vs 33.5％,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between blood dialysis group and peritoneal dialysis group(32.3％ vs 38.7％, P＞0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=1.787, 95％CI 1.045-3.056)and ACEI application (OR=4.378, 95％CI1.830-10.472) were positively associated with hypertension control.Whereas, diabetes (OR=0.415, 95％CI 0.188-0.919)and pulse pressure (OR =0.847, 95％ CI 0.811-0.885) were associated with inadequate blood pressure control.ConclusionsDespite almost universal hypertension treatment is used in patients with CKD and high blood pressure, the hypertension control rate is still suboptimal.Female and ACEI are positively associated with adequate hypertension control, whereas diabetes and pulse pressure are negatively associated with the standard.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate two commercial anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgM kits used for differential diagnosis of acute enteric viral hepatitis.

METHODSThe kit for IgM capture assay, was produced with a recombinant HEV structural protein protecting primates against experimental infection by different HEV genotypes, while the other kit for indirect ELISA was produced with recombinant structural proteins from different HEV genotypes. The serum specimens were taken from 241 cases with a confirmed or presumptive diagnosis of hepatitis A and 74 cases with a confirmed or presumptive diagnosis of hepatitis E.

RESULTSThe sensitivity and specificity of the IgM capture assay kit were 97% and 100%, respectively, and the corresponding values for the other kit were 70% and 78%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe IgM capture assay kit has higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing acute enteric viral hepatitis E.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Hepatitis E ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; immunology ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Purpose: This study compared the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of laser hemorrhoidoplasty (LH) vs. conventional hemorrhoidectomy (CH) in patients with grade II/III hemorrhoids. Methods: PubMed/Medline and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized and nonrandomized studies comparing LH against CH in grade II/III hemorrhoids. The primary outcomes included postoperative use of analgesia, postoperative morbidity (bleeding, urinary retention, pain, thrombosis), and time of return to work/daily activities. Results: Nine studies totaling 661 patients (LH, 336 and CH, 325) were included. The LH group had shorter operative time (P<0.001) and less intraoperative blood loss (P<0.001). Postoperative pain was lower in the LH group, with lower postoperative day 1 (mean difference [MD], –2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], –3.44 to –0.75; P=0.002) and postoperative day 7 (MD, –3.94; 95% CI, –6.36 to –1.52; P=0.001) visual analogue scores and use of analgesia (risk ratio [RR], 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42–0.81; P=0.001). The risk of postoperative bleeding was also lower in the LH group (RR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.12– 0.28; P<0.001), with a quicker return to work or daily activities (P=0.002). The 12-month risks of bleeding (P>0.999) and prolapse (P=0.240), and the likelihood of complete resolution at 12 months, were similar (P=0.240). Conclusion LH offers more favorable short-term clinical outcomes than CH, with reduced morbidity and pain and earlier return to work or daily activities. Medium-term symptom recurrence at 12 months was similar. Our results should be verified in future well-designed trials with larger samples.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the serological markers and biological marker in the diagnosis of hepatitis E infection in a rhesus monkey model.

METHODS86 rhesus monkeys had been infected with different doses of HEV. Hence, they were taken sequential blood samples at intervals up to 86 weeks for 4 hepatitis E virus (HEV) specific antibody assays (E2-IgM, E2-IgG, GL-IgG, and YES-IgG), and nucleic acid assay.

RESULTSAll the animals produced E2-IgG and all but one also produced E2-IgM and excreted the virus in stool, whereas positive rate of GL-IgG and YES IgG were low and correlated with virus level. Hepatitis occurred over a period of 4 weeks (between 3 an 7 weeks) after infection. Virological marker occurred mainly during incubation period and declined rapidly after onset of hepatitis. Seroconversion of E2-IgM occurred before onset of hepatitis in 70% monkeys and declined rapidly up to 50% of peak value after 4 weeks. E2-IgM seroconversion was closely paralleled by E2-IgG; however, E2-IgG persisted in all animals for the entire duration of experiment of up to 86 weeks. Production of GL-IgG and YES-IgG was delayed by one week after the E2 antibodies, these antibodies showed a transient occurrence and seroprevalence declined to 50% of the peak value over a period of 12 weeks.

CONCLUSIONE2-IgM might be used as a suitable acute hepatitis E marker, and E2-IgG as a suitable epidemiological marker. The seroconversion or titer elevation of GL-IgG and YES-IgG antibodies probably used to confirm the infection. The viral markers are optional for early diagnosis.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; Genotype ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis E ; diagnosis ; Hepatitis E virus ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Macaca mulatta

Introduction: Flooding has become a major natural disaster in Malaysia in recent decades. There may be a gender difference in many aspects related to flood response and practice. This study aimed to examine the gender gap in knowledge, attitudes, and practice of flood preparedness in Malaysia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending the primary care clinic at Universiti Sains Malaysia health campus, Kelantan. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: 328 subjects were recruited, 56.1% of them were females. The female respondents were younger than the males (36 vs. 41 years old). However, females have better knowledge, and practice on flood preparedness compared to male respondents. Among those, women were more aware of the local emergency plan than males (p=0.01). More female respondents kept their vaccination and personal medical records in a waterproof container or sealed plastic bag during past and future flood preparations (3-5 day supply of non-perishable food) than male respondents (p<0.05). In addition, with the practice of keeping a one-week supply of medication, and having their medical records in a waterproof container along with a first-aid kit (p=0.001). For future flood preparation, more women would filter the cloudy water through clean clothes for boiling (p=0.035). The determinants of good preparedness for future floods for female were older-age (p=0.001), blue-collar (p=0.043); whereas male were lower household income (p=0.014), being blue collar (0.014) and white collar (0.039) compared with student/retiree based on multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion: Our study reported that the determinants of good preparedness for future floods were older-age, blue-collar and having a lower-household income.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers have been in great fear due to the high risk of contracting COVID-19 infection at any time. This study aimed to determine the mediating role of resilience on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and burnout in primary care healthcare providers in Malaysia. Methods: This was an online cross-sectional study involving 1280 healthcare providers aged 18 years and older from 30 government primary care clinics in Malaysia. We used the COVID-19 Fear Scale, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory Scale, and the Short Brief Resilience Scale to collect data from the respondents. Smart-PLS was used to perform mediation analysis. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 36 years old and mean duration of working experience was 11 years. The majority of the respondents were female (82.4%) and Malays (82.3%). The study population consisted of nurses (47.4%), doctors (26%), medical assistants (11.9), healthcare assistant (7.1%), medical laboratory technicians (6.4%) and drivers(1.3).The results show that fear of COVID-19 positively predicts burnout. According to the results, resilience mediates the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and all the three burnout domains, namely personal burnout (β=0.175,p<0.001), work-related burnout (β=0.175,p<0.001) and client-related burnout (β=0.172,p<0.001). Additionally, resilience reduces the impact of COVID-19 fear on the three domains of burnout. Conclusion: Our study has reported a mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and burnout.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with psychological distress following the COVID-19 pandemic among medical students at one of the public universities in Malaysia. Method: From August to October 2020, a web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students at a public university. DASS-21, Brief Resilience Scale and WHOQOL-Bref questionnaires were used in this study. Results: The prevalence of depression was 40.5%, anxiety 46.0% and stress 30.9%. Based on multivariate logistic regression, a higher quality of life score is associated with a lower likelihood of depression (AOR=0.583, p<0.001), anxiety (AOR=0.726, p<0.001), and stress, (AOR=0.702, p<0.001) respectively. Likewise, a higher resilience score is less likely to be associated with depression (AOR=0.880, p=0.002), anxiety (AOR=0.880, p=0.002), and stress (AOR=0.850, p<0.001). Older age (OR=0.700, p=0.020) was associated with less stress and being on campus (OR=3.436, p=0.021) was at risk of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Our results suggest that medical students with higher quality of life and resilience scores had less depression, anxiety and stress. Older age was associated with less stress, and during the COVID-19 pandemic, being on campus was at risk of stress. Various stakeholders need to keep these findings in mind and identify those who are at risk for developing depression, anxiety, and stress in order to take further action to improve their quality of life and resilience