AIM:Present a new computer-adapted color vision test (NCACVT) and explain its reliability and value in practical application.METHODS:Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test (FM100HT) and Holmgren tests had been modified and adapted to computer application.Classic method of Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plate test (IPPT)was assumed to be a convenient screening tool for color blindness;therefore the subjects were dassified as color defective group(Group I)and control group(Group Ⅱ)according to the Ishihara test results.Group I Consisted of color defective 13 subjects(12M,1F)aged between 19-29(median 21)years old and Group Ⅱ consisted of non defected control group of 13 subjects(8M,5F)aged between 19-28(median 22)years old.In order to investigate color sensitivity in both of groups,all subjects were tested with both FM100HT and NCACVT.The findings from the classical IPPT,FM100HT,and NCACVT methods were statistically compared.The error scores of NCACVT and FM100HT in two groups were analyzed by using Mann-Whitney V Test.RESULTS:The differences in error scores were statistically significant respectively (V=169,P＜O.05;U=153 P＜O.05).The cut-off point for diagnosing color vision deficiency according to NCACT Was found 23 by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).According to cut-off error score of 23,NCACVT was found 100% sensitive and 100% specific in screening color vision deficiency.CONCLUSION:These features make this test a dependable,original ophthalmic practicaI screening test according to Harper & Reeves.

AIM: To investigate the validity of computer-adapted Ishihara test and the concordance with classic Ishihara test for the diagnosis of colour blindness. The sensitivity and the specificity of computer-adapted Ishihara test and potential usefulness of the test for detecting congenital colour blindness or colour vision deficiency were discussed.METHODS: Colour vision of 104 university students aged between 20 and 23 (median 21) years was evaluated by two methods. These methods are: 1) Individual test method based on computer-adapted Ishihara colour plates; 2) Individual test method based on classic method of exposing Ishihara colour printed plates. The capabilities of students perceiving colours were evaluated by these two different methods. The specificity, concordance and validity for the computer adapted Ishihara test method were investigated.RESULTS: There were 6 male and 1 female colour blind students. The pedigree of the female student proved to have a carrier mother and colour blind father. The incidence of colour blindness was 13.6 % (6/44) among males and 1.7%(1/60) for females. The incidence of colour blindness in whole population was 6.7 % (7/104). These students had not been aware that they have colour vision deficiency before our examination tests. Test results of students with normal colour vision and the students with colour blindness were compared as well as the two test methods in terms of concordance. The sensitivity and the specificity were both found to be 100 %and concordance was also found 100 %.CONCLUSION: Computer-adapted Ishihara test is digitally mastered, and remains true with respect to the basic concepts of color vision testing. It has obvious advantages over manual testing because its total test time and its error scores are standardized. It has been found 100% in agreement with the golden standard of classic Ishihara test. These features make this test original and dependable one.

AIM: To evaluate genetic characteristics and clinical findings in a family with high myopia and colour vision deficiency (CVD).METHOD: Eight affected subjects of 42 members in four generations of the same family underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. Classical and computer adapted Ishihara Plates and Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue (FM100H)tests were used for determining the red-green CVD and full-field electroretinography (ERG) was performed to evaluate retinal function.RESULTS: Eight affected subjects had subnormal visual acuity due to high myopia. The results of colour vision tests were consistent with red-green CVD in six of these affected subjects. Fundus examination showed degenerative myopic changes characterized with generalized chorioretinal atrophy.Abnormal cone and rod dark-adaptation and diminished cone response in ERG were found in two subjects. According to family pedigree, it has been suggested that red-green CVD has X-linked recessive inheritance.CONCLUSION: The concurrence of high myopia with CVD in the members of this family may show a possible evidence for an associate genetic basis on different disorders.