Study on 229 newborn babies transferred from lower-level hospital into Neonatology Department of Tu Du Hospital. The results showed that: The main causes were respiratory distress, neonatal infection and asphyxia in premature infants, asphyxia and respiratory distress in the term infants. The more premature the newborn infants were, the earlier they were hospitalized. 157/229 infants were transferred into the hospital by rudimentary vehicles, the others were transferred by ambulance in which only 9.6% had oxygen supply. 163/229 patients (71.18%) were admitted in very serious status that required active intensive care and had high mortality rate
Infant, Newborn

Introduction: T-piece resuscitator (TPR) has many advantages compared to self-inflating bag (SIB). Early Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) during newborn resuscitation (NR) with TPR at delivery can reduce intubation rate. Methods: We speculated that the intubation rate at delivery room was high because SIB had always been used during NR and this can be improved with TPR. Intubation rate of newborn <24 hours of life was deemed high if >50%. An audit was carried out in June 2010 to verify this problem using a check sheet. Results: 25 neonates without major congenital anomalies who required NR with SIB at delivery were included. Intubation rate of babies <24 hours of life when SIB was used was 68%. Post-intervention audit (August to November 2010) on 25 newborns showed that the intubation rate within 24 hours dropped to 8% when TPR was used. Proportion of intubated babies reduced from 48.3% (2008-2009) to 35.1% (2011-2012), odds ratio 0.58 (95% CI 0.49-0.68). Proportion of neonates on CPAP increased from 63.5% (2008-2009) to 81.0% (2011-2012), odds ratio 2.44 (95% CI 2.03-2.93). Mean ventilation days fell to below 4 days after 2010. Since then, all delivery standbys were accompanied by TPR and it was used for all NR regardless of settings. There was decline in intubation rate secondary to early provision of CPAP with TPR during NR. Mean ventilation days, mortality and length of NICU stay were reduced. Conclusion: This practice should be adopted by all hospitals in the country to achieve Millennium Development Goal 4 (2/3 decline of under 5 mortality rate) by 2015.
Infant, Newborn

Objective: The universal newborn hearing screening program has been implemented in the Philippines for the past ten years. However, screening rates in the country are still low. The current study aimed to describe the universal newborn hearing screening program (UNHSP) delivery system in Rizal, Philippines, and Northern California. Methods: The study utilized a case study research design using data triangulation of FGD, KII, and document review to characterize and compare the implementation of the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Program in Rizal Province and Northern California. Results: Several differences were found in the protocols for newborn hearing screening in Rizal, Philippines, and Northern California, including centralization of the program, availability of surveillance data, screening protocols, and tracking system. Conclusion There is an immense need to disseminate universal newborn hearing screening among healthcare practitioners and create a system to monitor and evaluate real-time data.
Infant, Newborn

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn

No abstract available.
Electroencephalography* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

PURPOSE: Nosocomial infection with Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin resistant S. aureus, has become a serious concern in the neonatal intensive care unit. The aim of this study is to investigate the virulence factors, and the relationship between the antibiotic resistance and the associated genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal cavity of neonates. METHODS: Fifty one isolates of S. aureus were obtained from nasal swab taken in 28 neonates in the NICU and nursery of Pusan National University Hospital between February and May, 2001. They were tested in regard to antibiotic susceptibility, coagulase test and typing, plasmid DNA profile, as well as reactivity to enterotoxin A-E(sea, seb, sec, sed, see) genes and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1(tst) gene by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Associated genes such as mecA, mecR1, mecI, and femA were also determined by PCR. The origin of MRSA strains was assessed using DNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily-primed polymerase chain reaction(AP-PCR). RESULTS: Twenty three(45.1%) and six(11.8%) isolates were resistant to oxacillin and vancomycin respectively. Multidrug resistance to three or more of the antibiotics tested was observed in 51.0% of the isolates. Forty two isolates were coagulase positive and twenty two isolates had mecA gene. Sixteen isolates had both mecA and femA genes and had type I-III plasmids. 64.7% of isolates carried sec gene, and 80.4% carried tst gene. DNA fingerprinting by AP-PCR for 12 MRSA strains showed 10 distinct patterns, suggesting different origins. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that the prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus, especially vancomycin resistance, is very high in neonates who were admitted in NICU and nursery. It is possible that these pathogens are responsible for serious nosocomial infections in neonates. The need for improved surveillance and continuous control of pathogens is emphasized.
Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Incidence

The term "disorders of sex development" (DSD) includes congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex is atypical. Steroid 5-alpha reductase type 2 deficiency (5alpha-RD2) is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder of sexual differentiation. It results from impaired conversion of testosterone (T) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) due to mutations in the steroid 5-alpha reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) gene. It is characterized by a lack of masculinization in XY individuals due to failure to convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. More than 40 mutations have been reported in all five exons of the SRD5A2 gene. Here, we report on a 17-day-old Korean newborn who was confirmed to have 5alpha-RD2 by SRD5A2 gene analysis. He manifested micropenis, hypospadia and bilateral cryptorchidism without skin hyperpigmentation. T/DHT ratio after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation was slightly increased and genetic analysis of SRD5A2 revealed compound heterozygous mutations, c.657C > G (p.Phe219Leu) and c.656del (p.Phe219SerfsX60), the former of which is a novel mutation. We report a novel SRD5A2 gene mutation in a Korean newborn with 5alpha-RD2.
Infant, Newborn ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

PURPOSE: Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is effective screening test for inherited metabolic diseases. In this study, we estimate potential costs and benefits of using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to screen newborns for inherited metabolic diseases (phenylketonuria, BH4 deficiency, citrullinemia, maple syrup urine disease, propionic aciduria, isovaleric aciduria, glutaric aciduria type 1, LCHAD deficiency) in Korea. METHODS: From April 2001 to March 2004, 79,179 newborns were screened for amino acid disorders, organic acid disorders, and fatty acid oxidative disorders. Twenty-eight newborns were diagnosed with one of the metabolic disorder and the collective estimated prevalence amounted to 1 in 2,800 with a sensitivity of 97.67%, a specificity of 99.28%, a recall rate of 0.05%, and a positive preditive value of 6.38%. We calculated and compared the total costs in case when neonatal screening on phenylketonuria, BH4 deficiency, citrullinemia, maple syrup urine disease, propionic aciduria, isovaleric aciduria, glutaric aciduria type 1, LCHAD deficiency is implemented, and when not. RESULTS: If the neonatal screening on phenylketonuria, BH4 deficiency, citrullinemia, maple syrup urine disease, propionic aciduria, isovaleric aciduria, glutaric aciduria type 1, LCHAD deficiency is implemented, total benefits far exceed costs at a ratio of 1.40:1. CONCLUSION: Although, this study only concerns the monetary aspects of the neonatal screening, tandem mass spcetrometry for neonatal screening is cost-effective compared with not screening. The study appears to support the introduction of tandem mass spectrometry into a Korea neonatal screening programme for inherited metabolic diseases.
Infant, Newborn ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*