Humans ; Neoplasms/*epidemiology/pathology/therapy ; Papua New Guinea/epidemiology

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the primary malignancy threatening men's health in the United States and its incidence is increasing in China year by year. Many PCa cases are found in the advanced stage or in the old age, treated with unstandardized options, with negligence of comprehensive assessment of the patient's physical status, which may frequently add to the physical, psychological and economic burdens of the patient and even result in death. On the other hand, some excessively conservative therapeutic options may cause the loss of the best time of management or lead to deterioration of the disease. Therefore, sufficient importance should be attached to the comprehensive assessment of the physical status of the elderly PCa patient before treatment and the choice of the best therapeutic protocol.
Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Conservative Treatment ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Physical Fitness ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; United States ; epidemiology

Sixteen cases of male breast cancer seen over a 20-year period were reviewed. The causes of cancer of the male breast are no better understood, but major alterations in hormonal environment could be a significant factor. Some clinical characteristics correspond well with the results of other series. The median age at presentation was 61.7 years. The most frequent initial symptom was a painless mass, and the incidences of nipple discharge, central tumor location, and axillary node involvement were high. Males also had a higher incidence of local advancement which was associated with a longer delay in seeking treatment and small breast tissue. The pathologic type was infiltrating ductal type in all cases except one, and all cases showed favorable nuclear grade. Estrogen receptor analysis was performed from the tumor of 2 patients. Both of them showed a high receptor level. There was no locoregional relapse in 5 patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy in contrast to the 2 relapses in 3 patients who underwent surgery alone. And three of the five patients who received radiotherapy suffered from systemic metastasis which suggested the important role of adjuvant chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy. In light of the encouraging results about adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment for female breast cancer with axillary lymph node involvement, it would be desirable to extend this policy to male breast cancer.
Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology ; Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/pathology/therapy ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/*epidemiology/pathology/therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Human ; Korea/epidemiology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Age ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; Retrospective Studies

Oncologists and scientists in the field of head and neck cancer exchanged their research findings and clinical experiences in the Sino-USA Symposium on Head and Neck Cancer, which was held January 6-7, 2012 in Guangzhou, China. The symposium was jointly organized by Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) and the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). The Guangdong Provincial Anti-Cancer Association and the Chinese Journal of Cancer also helped in organizing the conference. Speakers were from China (SYSUCC, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center) and the United States (MDACC). The presentations covered most kinds of head and neck cancers and included both basic and clinical research progress. In particular, NPC was discussed in depth. The symposium explored the reality that cancer is complex and numerous questions remain to be answered, even though there has already been an enormous effort into research. International exchanges of experience and in-depth cooperation are definitely needed to improve our capability of caring for cancer patients. In this article, we provide highlights of the presentations.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; etiology ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; epidemiology

Primary malignant small bowel tumor as a rare kind of intestinal tumor is associated with a poor prognosis. The pathological types were various and complicated, such as adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumor, malignant lymphoma, and malignant stromal tumor. The atypical early stage symptom resulted in difficult diagnosis at early stage, high misdiagnosis rate and lack of standard therapy schemes and means. In the past, X-ray, CT, MRI, and PET-CT were the main examination methods for primary small bowel tumor. However, with the development of radiology, a series of new diagnosis methods, including electronic enteroscopy, capsule endoscopy, multi-slice spiral CT enteroclysis and so on, promotes the diagnosis accurate rate. Surgery is still the most important method in the small bowel tumor treatment, and the alternative of the surgical method should depend on the tumor location, size and relationship with the adjacent organs. Application of the laparoscopic surgery for the small bowel tumor is still in the initial stage. Besides, some researches have confirmed that chemotherapy, radiotherapy, target therapy and endocrinotherapy have effects on the specific kind of small bowel tumor. Therefore this article will review the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of the primary malignant small bowel tumors.
Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Capsule Endoscopy ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Intestine, Small ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

Esophageal cancer is the 7th leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. While squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent histology internationally, adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus accounts for nearly 50% of cases in developed countries due to the differences in the etiologic factors such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obesity that predominate. While surgery is the mainstay of treatment of this disease, the utilization of chemoradiation, either used postoperatively or neoadjuvantly, has become a standard practice in the United States. What is the optimal management approach is still an area of contention, however, and may be different in different regions around the world. This article reviews some of these controversies, including the role for surgery in patients treated with definitive chemoradiation. At the end, we will also outline recommendations regarding radiotherapy procedures and techniques.
Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: The incidence and the mortality of lung cancer rank first among all malignant tumors and it seriously affects human health. The common types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma with clinical research and more attention, while adenosquamous carcinoma is a rare pathological subtype of lung cancer, which clinical features and prognostic factors are not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical features and prognosis of lung adenosquamous carcinoma, and construct a nomogram to predict the patients' prognosis. METHODS: We obtained the data of adenosquamous carcinoma patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the United States, and compared their clinical features and prognosis with those of lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma patients in the same period. Then we used univariate and multivariate analyses to explore the independent prognostic factors of adenosquamous carcinoma. Finally, we constructed and validated a nomogram to visually predict the outcomes of lung adenosquamous carcinoma. RESULTS: 1,453 patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma were finally included. Compared with patients with lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma, the distributions of lung adenocarcinoma patients in most of the variables were medium between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The prognosis of adenosquamous carcinoma was better than that of lung squamous cell carcinoma, but worse than that of lung adenocarcinoma. Multivariate analysis showed that age, differentiation, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM), surgery, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors (all P were less than 0.001). We constructed a nomogram with a C-index of 0.783 (0.767-0.799). The distinction test and consistency test showed that the nomogram could predict the patient's prognosis effectively. CONCLUSIONS Lung adenosquamous carcinoma has unique clinical, pathological, and prognostic characteristics. Age, differentiation, T, N, M, surgery, and chemotherapy status are independent predictors of prognosis in patients with adenosquamous carcinoma. Our nomogram can efficiently predict the prognosis of patients.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Survival Analysis

China is a country with high incidence of gastric cancer, most of which are advanced gastric cancer, accounting for about half of the new cases in the world. Environmental factors play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein Barr virus(EBV) infection have been confirmed as one of the important pathogenic factors of gastric cancer. With the development and application of molecular biology and sequencing technology, molecular typing based on patient genetic characteristics has been proposed to guide accurate treatment and predict prognosis. Surgery is the cornerstone of gastric cancer treatment. Laparoscopy has been developing rapidly in the past 20 years on account of its clinical application advantages such as minimally invasive and magnified visual field and refined anatomy, making it one of the standard treatment options for early gastric cancer, with its indications for the treatment of gastric cancer continuously expanding. The application of endoscopic treatment and reduction surgery for early gastric cancer further improves the quality of life of patients, and surgical treatment of gastric cancer tends to be precise and minimally invasive. The comprehensive treatment of surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is a standard treatment of local advanced gastric cancer. The exploration of related drugs and treatment models is the current research hotspot, and the development and application of targeted therapy and immunotherapy provide more choices in this field. The treatment of advanced gastric cancer is focused on the exploration of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Some studies have shown good prospects and provided more opportunities for conversion therapy. This article will share the new developments in the field of gastric cancer research in 2018.
China ; epidemiology ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; complications ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; Helicobacter pylori ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy

INTRODUCTIONWe present a series of head and neck extracranial non-vestibular schwannomas treated during a ten-year period, assessing epidemiology, presenting signs and symptoms, location, nerve of origin, diagnostic modalities, treatment and clinical outcome.

MATERIALS AND METHODSClinical records of all patients with head and neck schwannomas treated at our department from April 1995 to July 2005 were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSThere was female predominance (67%). The mean age at diagnosis was 48 years. Sixteen (76%) presented with a unilateral neck mass. Eleven schwannomas (52%) were in the parapharyngeal space. The most common nerves of origin were the vagus and the cervical sympathetic chain. The tumour may masquerade as a cervical lymph node and other myriad conditions. Treatment for all but 2 cases was complete excision with nerve preservation. Two cases of facial schwannoma required sacrifice of the affected nerve portion with nerve reconstruction. All facial schwannoma patients suffered postoperative facial palsy with only partial resolution (mean final House-Brackman grade, 3.25/6). Among non-facial schwannoma patients, postoperative neural deficit occurred in 12 with partial to complete resolution in 7. The median follow-up period was 24 months. No schwannoma was malignant and none recurred.

CONCLUSIONNon-vestibular extracranial head and neck schwannomas most frequently present as an innocuous longstanding unilateral parapharyngeal neck mass. Preoperative diagnosis may be aided by fine-needle cytology and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic imaging. The mainstay of treatment is complete intracapsular excision preserving the nerve of origin, but for extensive tumour or facial schwannomas, subtotal resection or nerve sacrifice with reconstruction and rehabilitation are considerations. Surgery on intraparotid facial schwannomas carries considerable morbidity and conservative management has a place in treatment. Early recognition of facial schwannomas is key to optimal treatment.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Audit ; Middle Aged ; Neurilemmoma ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Time Factors