Autophagy is a highly conservative biological behavior in eukaryotic cells. This dynamic process involves "wrapping" cytoplasmic components and combining with lysosomes in cells for catabolism. The catabolic effect of autophagy can eliminate toxic substances in cells, maintain homeostasis in the intracellular environment, and produce small molecules, such as amino acids, which nourish cells, thereby allowing them to survive. Autophagy can inhibit the occurrence of tumors by maintaining homeostasis in the intracellular environment. However, it can promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of malignant tumor cells. Autophagy can regulate the microenvironment of tumor cells and has an important role in a series of processes, such as anoikis, tumor dormancy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Anoikis ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasms

Biomedical Research ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; genetics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

OBJECTIVETo study the optimal surgical resection length for esophageal carcinoma.

METHODSSpecimens of seventy patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma resected and collected in our hospital were made into pathologic giant sections. Direct intramural infiltration, multicentric carcinogenic lesion and leaping metastasis were observed in the large slice by microscope. The actual length during the operation was calculated by the ratio of shrinkage.

RESULTSDirect intramural infiltration was found in 51 (72.9%) patients, 39 proximal and 36 distal to the tumor. The mean length of direct intramural infiltration was 0.9 +/- 0.8 cm (4.0 cm maximum) proximally and 0.5 +/- 0.3 cm (2.0 cm maximum) distally. Multicentric carcinogenic lesion was found in 11 (15.7%) patients, 5 proximally, 8 distally and 2 on both sides. Proximal to the tumor, the mean distance between the multicentric carcinogenic lesion and the main lesion plus the length of the multiple carcinogenic lesion was 3.2 +/- 1.5 cm (4.7 cm maximum). Distal to the tumor, it was 3.6 +/- 2.4 cm (9.1 cm maximum). Leaping metastasis was found in 9 (12.9%) patients, 7 proximally and 4 distally. The mean distance between the leaping metastasis and the main lesion plus the length of the leaping metastatic lesion was 1.9 +/- 0.6 cm (2.9 cm maximum) proximally and 1.4 +/- 1.0 cm (2.7 cm in maximum) distally.

CONCLUSIONThe optimal surgical resection length for esophageal carcinoma should be at least 5 cm proximal to the tumor and total length on the distal side.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)activity and cell proliferation, growth and invasion of ameloblastoma.

METHODSThe cells and xenograft of ameloblastoma were treated with MMP-2 inhibitor Ro31-9790 and the effects of Ro31-9790 on the cell proliferation and growth of ameloblastoma were observed. Primary culture in vitro, subcapsular kidney xenograft in vivo, MTT assay, flow cytometry, neoplastic volume measurement and histochemistry were employed to study the effects of cell proliferation and growth produced by Ro31-9790.

RESULTSThere was no significant different in cell proliferation at same interval among several groups (P > 0.05). The ratio of G0/G1 stage, G2/M stage and apoptotic cells didn't increase following increased Ro31-9790, and the ratio of S stage cells also didn't reduce following increased Ro31-9790. The tumor volume and its increase in treatment group were significant less than those in control group.

CONCLUSIONRo31-9790 does not influence proliferation of ameloblastoma cells in vitro, but it can effectively inhibit the ameloblastoma growth in vivo. MMP-2 activity has no relationship to proliferation of ameloblastoma cells, but it can contribute to the ameloblastoma growth and may be a reason of invasion in ameloblastoma.

Ninety percent of malignant tumor treatment failure is due to post-operative metastasis and recurrence. Paget's "seed and soil" in 1889 and Ewing's "tumor metastatic fluid dynamics" in 1928 are the basic scientific concepts of metastasis. With the advanced molecular biological technology combined with the translational medicine research, possible or potential metastatic "seed"-tumor stem cells or stemness cells can be screened. In recent years, study on the "tumor derived exosome" raised the concept of pre-metastatic niche and progenitor metastasis. On the other hand, associated methodology and technology for screening and detection of the exosome had been established, which provides feasible methods for screening, prediction and individual therapy. It will be the new era for cancer prevention and intervention in translational medicine area.
Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; Translational Medical Research

Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protease that plays a key role in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. In addition to the role in hemostasis and coagulation, thrombin has other numerous biological activities affecting inflammation, immune responses, tissue repair and wound healing. Apart from its physiological role thrombin activates the oncogenic potential of both normal and malignant cells and leads a metastatic phenotype. It is a potent mitogen for many tumor cells. It potentiates the proliferative response of tumor cells to some growth factors, increases the adhesive properties to the platelets and invasion processes of tumor cells to the extracellular matrix, enhances the metastatic capacity of tumor cells, activates angiogenesis and remodels the microenvironment of the tumor. The cellular biological effects of thrombin are mediated at least in part by a new subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors designated proteinase-activited receptors (PARs). Thrombin has a bilateral effect on tumor cells:enhanced growth at low concentration, impaired growth/apoptosis at higher concentration. In this papers, the biological function of thrombin, thrombin and tumors, and thrombin receptors etc were reviewed.
Animals ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Receptors, Thrombin ; physiology ; Thrombin ; physiology

Tumor cells exhibit two main different migration strategies when invading in 3D environment, i. e. mesenchymal migration and amoeboid migration. This review summarizes the internal reasons and characteristics on various modes of migration adaptation to the microenvironment, and the molecular mechanisms in particular environment where they are mutually interchangeable. A study of the mechanisms that may possibly trigger mesenchymal-amoeboid transition/amoeboid-mesenchymal transition help us to understand the change and the plasticity in the migration strategies of tumor cells. These are important for the development of a cancer treatment, which would efficiently suppress tumor cell invasiveness.
Cell Movement ; physiology ; Extracellular Matrix ; pathology ; Humans ; Integrins ; physiology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; physiopathology

No abstract available.
Bile Duct Neoplasms/*diagnosis/mortality/surgery ; *Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis

Concerning the biological properties of recurrent ovarian cancer, other than drug resistance, we revealed that the expressions of mutant p53 and CD44v6 genes were significantly greater in recurrent ovarian cancer than in those of its primary counterpart. These findings suggest that chemotherapeutic agents may modify some biological characteristics of cancer by altering gene expressions. The biological behavior concerning the metastatic potential of a recurrent disease must be elucidated in order to develop an optional treatment regimen against recurrent tumors. Therefore, we established in-vivo cisplatin-resistant cell lines by repeated administration, in order to find a more suitable model for reflecting the biological aggressiveness of clinically recurrent ovarian cancer following chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic agents have given a substantial advantage to cancer patients. It must be borne in mind that the cancer cells surviving following chemotherapy possibly present different biological properties from primary cancer cells, and that these properties might be developed by the chemotherapeutic agents.
Cell Movement ; Female ; Human ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology