BACKGROUND: A fixed-dose combination gel with adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 2.5% has been developed for once-daily treatment of acne. It is known to be effective to reduce inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions, but there have been no study in Korean yet. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adapalene 0.1%-BPO 2.5% fixed-dose combination gel (adapalene-BPO) for the treatment of mild to moderate severity acne in Korean. METHODS: In total, 64 patients with mild to moderate severity acne were enrolled. Adapalene-BPO was applied to face once daily at night. The efficacy assessment was performed at baseline and monthly for 3 months: inflammatory lesions (IL), non-inflammatory lesions (NIL), total lesions (TL) were counted and median percentage changes of each lesion were measured for 3 months with patient satisfaction and adverse events questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 64 patients enrolled, 58 have completed 3-month treatments. Adapalene-BPO showed early onset of action with significant reduction in inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesion counts. The median percentage reduction of mild group from baseline to 3rd month was greater than moderate group in IL, NIL, and TL counts (71.1% vs 65%/61.4% vs 56.4%/67.7% vs 62% reduction). Also, patient satisfaction score improved and significant reduction of Korea Acne Grading System (KAGS) was noted in both groups. All the reported adverse events were mild. CONCLUSION: This study shows that adapalene-BPO is an effective and safe treatment regimen for both mild and moderate acne. It has a better effect for treating mild severity acne than moderate acne with reduction of the IL, NIL, and TL counts and greater patient satisfaction.
Acne Vulgaris ; Benzoyl Peroxide ; Humans ; Korea ; Naphthalenes ; Patient Satisfaction ; Adapalene

Human ; Female ; Adult ; Lacquer ; Morpholines ; Nails ; Naphthalenes ; Onychomycosis ;

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Naphthalenes ; analysis ; Workplace

[Ca2+]i transients by reverse mode of cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) were recorded in fura-2 loaded BHK cells with stable expression of NCX1. Repeated stimulation of reverse NCX1 produced a long-lasting decrease of Ca2+ transients ('rundown'). Rundown of NCX1 was independent of membrane PIP2 depletion. Although the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) was observed during the Ca2+ transients, neither a selective PKC inhibitor (calphostin C) nor a PKC activator (PMA) changed the degrees of rundown. By comparison, a non-specific PKC inhibitor, staurosporine (STS), reversed rundown in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. The action of STS was unaffected by pretreatment of the cells with calphostin C, PMA, or forskolin. Taken together, the results suggest that the stimulation of reverse NCX1 by STS is independent of PKC and/or PKA inhibition.
Forskolin ; Fura-2 ; Membranes ; Naphthalenes ; Protein Kinase C ; Staurosporine

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy of dapoxetine on demand for premature ejaculation and provide evidence for clinical decision-making.

METHODSWe searched PubMed, Embase, BIOSIS Previews, Cochrane Library, CNKI Database and Wanfang Database for literature on dapoxetine on demand for premature ejaculation. We performed meta-analysis on the identified publications and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy based on the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), patient-reported global impression of change (PGI), and composite PRO criteria for clinical benefit (CCCB).

RESULTSFour relevant studies were included involving 6 081 cases of premature ejaculation. Compared with the placebo controls, the patients treated with dapoxetine on demand showed significant improvement in IELT (WMD = 1.39, 95% CI [1.23, 1.55], P < 0.000 01), PGI (OR = 2.59, 95% CI [2.21, 3.04], P < 0. 000 01), and CCCB (OR = 2.59, 95% CI [1.98, 3.39], P < 0.000 01). There were significant differences between the 60 mg and 30 mg dapoxetine groups in IELT (WMD = 0.46, 95% CI [0.19, 0.74], P = 0.001 0) and PGI (OR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.06, 1.64], P = 0.01), but not in CCCB (OR = 1.39, 95% CI [0.90, 2.15], P = 0.13).

CONCLUSIONDapoxetine on demand can prolong IELT and improve PGI and CCCB, either at the dose of 60 mg or 30 mg, and has an even better efficacy in prolonging IELT and improving PGI at 60 mg.

Benzylamines ; therapeutic use ; Ejaculation ; Humans ; Male ; Naphthalenes ; therapeutic use ; Premature Ejaculation ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Luliconazole (LLCZ) is an imidazole antifungal agent widely used in Japan for treatment of tinea, cutaneous candidiasis, and pityriaisis versicolor, etc. Theoretically, its potent antifungal activity should make it a viable option for various conditions of dermatophytoses, but there has been no studies to support the notion thus far. OBJECTIVE: This prompted the authors to investigate the distribution of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of luliconazole by carrying out in vitro antifungal susceptibility test on Trichophyton (T.) species clinically isolated from Korean subjects with tinea pedis. METHODS: In vitro antifungal susceptibility test, with broth macrodilution method of luliconazole and terbinafine hydrochloride (TBF) as reference drug on two clinically isolated Trichophton species (22 strains of T. rubrum, 5 of T. mentagrophytes), was carried out. RESULTS: The range of MIC for LLCZ on the total of 27 strains was 0.0110~0.0140 microg/mL (geometric mean: 0.0027 microg/mL), and the range for TBF was 0.0120~0.0250 microg/mL (geometric mean: 0.0042 microg/mL). Additionally, the geometric mean for MIC of LLCZ on T. mentagrophytes was 0.0125 microg/mL, and on T. rubrum, it was 0.0019 microg/mL. No strain showed resistance in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The authors hence demonstrated that antifungal activity of LLCZ in vitro against Trichophyton species clinically isolated from Korean subjects is quite superior. These findings emphasize the usefulness of LLCZ, a promising new imidazole, for the topical management of dermatophytoses.
Candidiasis, Cutaneous ; Imidazoles ; Japan ; Lifting ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Naphthalenes ; Sprains and Strains ; Tinea ; Trichophyton

Dermatophytosis is a superficial infection caused by dermatophytes, a group of taxonomically related fungi. Dematophytes have the ability to form molecular attachments to keratin, use it as a source of nutrients, and then colonize keratinized tissues, including the stratum corneum of the epidermis, hair, nails, and the horny tissues of animals. For an effective treatment of dermatophytosis, antifungal agents must be able to reach dermatophytes in the keratin layer. The concentration of these drugs must also be maintained above therapeutic level for a sustained period of time. Newer oral antifungal agents, itraconazole, terbinafine, and fluconazole are widely used because of the improved therapeutic efficacy and an acceptable adverse effects profile. However, the drugs have different amount of the dose and period of administration, and the interaction of each individual agent is unique in each type of drugs. Therefore, an extreme caution must be exercised during the prescription of these antifungal agents.
Animals ; Antifungal Agents ; Arthrodermataceae ; Colon ; Epidermis ; Fluconazole ; Fungi ; Hair ; Itraconazole ; Keratins ; Nails ; Naphthalenes ; Prescriptions ; Tinea

Tinea capitis, a dermatophyte infection involving the hair shaft on the scalp, is primarily a disease of preadolescent children. Trichophyton or Microsporum species of dermatophytes transmitted by humans or animals are commonly associated with this disease. Clinical presentations are seborrheic-like scale, 'black dot' pattern, inflammatory tinea capitis with kerion or tiny pustules in the scalp. We report an interesting case of tinea capitis with rapid progression caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes in an 11-year-old girl. The patient was treated with 125 mg of oral terbinafine and topical flutrimazole cream for one month.
Animals ; Arthrodermataceae ; Child ; Clotrimazole ; Hair ; Humans ; Microsporum ; Naphthalenes ; Scalp ; Tinea ; Tinea Capitis ; Trichophyton

PURPOSE: To compare the safety and efficacy of naftopidil and tamsulosin with prednisolone as medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteric stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 2010 and March 2012, 120 adult patients presenting with distal ureteric stones of size 5 to 10 mm were randomized equally to tamsulosin (group A), naftopidil (group B) or watchful waiting (group C). Tamsulosin or naftopidil was given for a maximum of four weeks. In addition patients in group A and B were given 5 mg prednisolone once daily (maximum one week). Stone expulsion rate, time to stone expulsion, analgesic use, number of hospital visits for pain, follow-up and endoscopic treatment and adverse effects of drugs were noted. Statistical analyses were done using chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and analysis of variance. RESULTS: There was a statistically higher expulsion rate in groups A (70%) and B (87.5%) as compared to group C (32.5%) (p<0.001). The expulsion rates were not statistically different between groups A and B (p=0.056). The mean time to expulsion was comparable between groups A and B but longer in group C. Analgesic use was significantly lower in groups A and B. Average number of hospital visits for pain, follow-up and endoscopic treatment was similar in all groups. There was no serious adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: Medical expulsive therapy for the distal ureteric stones using either naftopidil or tamsulosin in combination with prednisolone is safe and efficacious.
Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Naphthalenes ; Piperazines ; Prednisolone ; Sulfonamides ; Ureter ; Ureteral Calculi ; Watchful Waiting

Tinea corporis is dermatophytosis of trunk and extremities except terminal hair present region. We report a case of psoriasiform tinea corporis in a 11-year-old girl. The lesions were showed multiple, pruritic, thick scaly erythematous macules and patches on the left forearm and trunk. She had been treated with topical and oral corticosteroid for 5 months. Direct microscopic examination and fungal culture were positive for hyphae and colonies of Microsporum canis. Histopathologic examination of the skin lesion revealed parakeratosis, psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia and perivascular inflammatory infiltration in upper dermis with presence of fungal hyphae in stratum corneum. She was treated with 250mg of terbinafine daily and topical lanoconazole for 1 month. Skin lesions cured without recurrence.
Child ; Dermis ; Extremities ; Forearm ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hyphae ; Imidazoles ; Microsporum ; Naphthalenes ; Parakeratosis ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Tinea