BACKGROUND: A fixed-dose combination gel with adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 2.5% has been developed for once-daily treatment of acne. It is known to be effective to reduce inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions, but there have been no study in Korean yet. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adapalene 0.1%-BPO 2.5% fixed-dose combination gel (adapalene-BPO) for the treatment of mild to moderate severity acne in Korean. METHODS: In total, 64 patients with mild to moderate severity acne were enrolled. Adapalene-BPO was applied to face once daily at night. The efficacy assessment was performed at baseline and monthly for 3 months: inflammatory lesions (IL), non-inflammatory lesions (NIL), total lesions (TL) were counted and median percentage changes of each lesion were measured for 3 months with patient satisfaction and adverse events questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 64 patients enrolled, 58 have completed 3-month treatments. Adapalene-BPO showed early onset of action with significant reduction in inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesion counts. The median percentage reduction of mild group from baseline to 3rd month was greater than moderate group in IL, NIL, and TL counts (71.1% vs 65%/61.4% vs 56.4%/67.7% vs 62% reduction). Also, patient satisfaction score improved and significant reduction of Korea Acne Grading System (KAGS) was noted in both groups. All the reported adverse events were mild. CONCLUSION: This study shows that adapalene-BPO is an effective and safe treatment regimen for both mild and moderate acne. It has a better effect for treating mild severity acne than moderate acne with reduction of the IL, NIL, and TL counts and greater patient satisfaction.
Acne Vulgaris ; Benzoyl Peroxide ; Humans ; Korea ; Naphthalenes ; Patient Satisfaction ; Adapalene

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Naphthalenes ; analysis ; Workplace

Human ; Female ; Adult ; Lacquer ; Morpholines ; Nails ; Naphthalenes ; Onychomycosis ;

[Ca2+]i transients by reverse mode of cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) were recorded in fura-2 loaded BHK cells with stable expression of NCX1. Repeated stimulation of reverse NCX1 produced a long-lasting decrease of Ca2+ transients ('rundown'). Rundown of NCX1 was independent of membrane PIP2 depletion. Although the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) was observed during the Ca2+ transients, neither a selective PKC inhibitor (calphostin C) nor a PKC activator (PMA) changed the degrees of rundown. By comparison, a non-specific PKC inhibitor, staurosporine (STS), reversed rundown in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. The action of STS was unaffected by pretreatment of the cells with calphostin C, PMA, or forskolin. Taken together, the results suggest that the stimulation of reverse NCX1 by STS is independent of PKC and/or PKA inhibition.
Forskolin ; Fura-2 ; Membranes ; Naphthalenes ; Protein Kinase C ; Staurosporine

Systemic antifungal therapy is essential to cure onychomycosis but when used alone, its complete cure rate is less than 50%. Therefore, combination therapy is preferred to achieve higher cure rate of onychomycosis, especially severely infected onychomycosis. For effective treatment of onychomycosis, it is important how antifungal agents reach causative fungi in the nail lesion. If there are dermatophytoma or onycholysis, biofilms and space may disturb antifungal agent to reach the fungi in the nail lesion. If direct antifungal solution is applied to the space, it can be spread with capillary action to the space and fungi. A 57-year old male patient presented onychomycosis with infected nail matrix and dermatophytoma, which had recurred after combination therapy of oral and topical antifungal agents before. He had been treated with subungual antifungal solution added to systemic terbinafine (250 mg/day) and amorolfine nail lacquer for initial 3 months, and with subungual antifungal solution and nail lacquer for the next 4 months, and nail lacquer only for the rest period. After 3 months treatment, totally involved left great toe nail showed 50% of normal healthy nail growing from the proximal nail fold. His infected nails eventually showed complete normal nails 1 year after the initial treatment.
Antifungal Agents ; Biofilms ; Capillary Action ; Fungi ; Humans ; Lacquer ; Male ; Morpholines ; Nails ; Naphthalenes ; Onycholysis ; Onychomycosis ; Toes

I report here an elderly woman receiving perphenazine together with terbinafine. After 1 week of terbinafine treatment she experienced extrapyramidal symptoms and, in particular, akathisia. Her symptoms did not disappear for 6 weeks, and so at 2 weeks prior to this most recent admission she had stopped taking terbinafine. However, these symptoms persisted for 3 weeks after discontinuing terbinafine. It is well known that terbinafine inhibits CYP2D6 and that perphenazine is metabolized mainly by CYP2D6. Thus, when terbinafine and perphenazine are coadministrated, the subsequent increase in the concentration of perphenazine may induce extrapyramidal symptoms. Thus, terbinafine therapy may be associated with the induction and persistence of extrapyramidal symptoms, including akathisia. This case report emphasizes the importance of monitoring drug-drug interactions in patients undergoing terbinafine and perphenazine therapy.
Aged ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; Female ; Humans ; Naphthalenes ; Perphenazine ; Psychomotor Agitation

Dermatophytosis is a superficial infection caused by dermatophytes, a group of taxonomically related fungi. Dematophytes have the ability to form molecular attachments to keratin, use it as a source of nutrients, and then colonize keratinized tissues, including the stratum corneum of the epidermis, hair, nails, and the horny tissues of animals. For an effective treatment of dermatophytosis, antifungal agents must be able to reach dermatophytes in the keratin layer. The concentration of these drugs must also be maintained above therapeutic level for a sustained period of time. Newer oral antifungal agents, itraconazole, terbinafine, and fluconazole are widely used because of the improved therapeutic efficacy and an acceptable adverse effects profile. However, the drugs have different amount of the dose and period of administration, and the interaction of each individual agent is unique in each type of drugs. Therefore, an extreme caution must be exercised during the prescription of these antifungal agents.
Animals ; Antifungal Agents ; Arthrodermataceae ; Colon ; Epidermis ; Fluconazole ; Fungi ; Hair ; Itraconazole ; Keratins ; Nails ; Naphthalenes ; Prescriptions ; Tinea

PURPOSE: To compare the safety and efficacy of naftopidil and tamsulosin with prednisolone as medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteric stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 2010 and March 2012, 120 adult patients presenting with distal ureteric stones of size 5 to 10 mm were randomized equally to tamsulosin (group A), naftopidil (group B) or watchful waiting (group C). Tamsulosin or naftopidil was given for a maximum of four weeks. In addition patients in group A and B were given 5 mg prednisolone once daily (maximum one week). Stone expulsion rate, time to stone expulsion, analgesic use, number of hospital visits for pain, follow-up and endoscopic treatment and adverse effects of drugs were noted. Statistical analyses were done using chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and analysis of variance. RESULTS: There was a statistically higher expulsion rate in groups A (70%) and B (87.5%) as compared to group C (32.5%) (p<0.001). The expulsion rates were not statistically different between groups A and B (p=0.056). The mean time to expulsion was comparable between groups A and B but longer in group C. Analgesic use was significantly lower in groups A and B. Average number of hospital visits for pain, follow-up and endoscopic treatment was similar in all groups. There was no serious adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: Medical expulsive therapy for the distal ureteric stones using either naftopidil or tamsulosin in combination with prednisolone is safe and efficacious.
Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Naphthalenes ; Piperazines ; Prednisolone ; Sulfonamides ; Ureter ; Ureteral Calculi ; Watchful Waiting

BACKGROUND: Luliconazole (LLCZ) is an imidazole antifungal agent widely used in Japan for treatment of tinea, cutaneous candidiasis, and pityriaisis versicolor, etc. Theoretically, its potent antifungal activity should make it a viable option for various conditions of dermatophytoses, but there has been no studies to support the notion thus far. OBJECTIVE: This prompted the authors to investigate the distribution of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of luliconazole by carrying out in vitro antifungal susceptibility test on Trichophyton (T.) species clinically isolated from Korean subjects with tinea pedis. METHODS: In vitro antifungal susceptibility test, with broth macrodilution method of luliconazole and terbinafine hydrochloride (TBF) as reference drug on two clinically isolated Trichophton species (22 strains of T. rubrum, 5 of T. mentagrophytes), was carried out. RESULTS: The range of MIC for LLCZ on the total of 27 strains was 0.0110~0.0140 microg/mL (geometric mean: 0.0027 microg/mL), and the range for TBF was 0.0120~0.0250 microg/mL (geometric mean: 0.0042 microg/mL). Additionally, the geometric mean for MIC of LLCZ on T. mentagrophytes was 0.0125 microg/mL, and on T. rubrum, it was 0.0019 microg/mL. No strain showed resistance in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The authors hence demonstrated that antifungal activity of LLCZ in vitro against Trichophyton species clinically isolated from Korean subjects is quite superior. These findings emphasize the usefulness of LLCZ, a promising new imidazole, for the topical management of dermatophytoses.
Candidiasis, Cutaneous ; Imidazoles ; Japan ; Lifting ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Naphthalenes ; Sprains and Strains ; Tinea ; Trichophyton

Tinea incognito is the dermatophytosis of atypical clinical presentation that induced by topical and systemic corticosteroid treatment or new class of topical non-steroidal agent such as tacrolimus or pimecrolimus. We report a case of eczema-like tinea incognito in a 15-year-old girl. The lesions were manifested by pruritic to tender, scaly well-demarcated erythematous macules and patches with pustules on the lateral side of right shin. She had been treated with topical corticosteroid and pimecrolimus for 6 months. Direct microscopic examination of the lesion was positive for hyphae and fungal culture revealed colonies of Trichophyton(T.) rubrum. Histopathologic examination of the skin lesion showed mild perivascular inflammation with presence of fungal hyphae in the horney layer of the epidermis. The patient was treated with 250 mg of terbinafine daily for 1 month and topical lanoconazole application. Skin lesions improved one month after the treatment, and no recurrence was observed.
Adolescent ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Imidazoles ; Inflammation ; Leg ; Naphthalenes ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Tacrolimus ; Tinea