Objective To evaluate the clinical values of selective hemihepatic vascular occlusion in hepatectomy for large hepatocellular carcinomas.Methods Forty patients with large hepatocellular carcinomas who underwent hepatectomy with selective hepatic inflow and outflow occlusion of tumor-bearing liver were retrospectively analyzed.Results All the 40 patients underwent hepatectomy successfully.The blood losts during the operation was 100-800 mL(average 360 mL).The operation time was 90-150 min(average 116 min).Intraoperative blood transfusion was not performed in twenty-five patients.All patients recovered completely and were discharged without liver function failure or other severe complications.There was no perioperative death.Conclusions Selective hemihepatic vascular occlusion in hepatectomy for large hepatocellular carcinomas is a safe and effective method with advantages of controlling hemorrhage,decreasing liver damage and gut barrier injury,avoiding air embolism and preventing metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the value of combined hepatectomy in radical resection for hilar cholangiocarinoma. Methods The clinical data and follow-up data of 67 patients of resection for hilar cholangiocarinoma in Henan Tumor Hospital from June 2005 to october 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results According to intraoperative exploration situation and bismuth types, tumor resection was combined performed with hepatectomy (n＝38)or non-hepatectomy (n＝29). The rate of R0 resection was 55.3% in hepatectomy group(n＝21) and 34.5% in non-hepatectomy group(n＝10), and the difference was significant（P＝0.024）. The incidence of complications were 39.5% in hepatectomy group(n＝15) and 13.4% in non-hepatectomy group(n＝4), and one patient with liver and kidney failure died in hospital. The 1, 3, 5 years of survival rate were 89.3%,53.6% and 32.1% respectively in R0 group (n＝31) and 69.7%,30% and 10% respectively in R1～R2 group(n＝36), there were significant differences in the postoperative survival rate between both groups（P＝0.018). The 1, 3, 5 years of survival rate were 81.8%,48.5% and 24.2% in hepatectomy group and 75%,32% and 16% in non-hepatectomy group respectively, and the differences were significant（P＝0.037). Conclusions Aggressive resection including combined hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma can play an important role for curative effect and long term survival rate.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic liver tumor resection in children.Methods:The clinical data of 6 children undergoing laparoscopic liver tumor resection from June 2018 to March 2020 in the Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were 4 males and 2 females among the 6 cases, with the average age of (7±2)years.All the children were admitted to the hospital with a liver occupying examination due to physical discomfort.Preoperative diagnosis: 3 cases of hepatoblastoma, 1 case of primary liver cancer, 1 case of hepatic adenoma and 1 case of hepatic nodular hyperplasia.All the children successfully completed laparoscopic liver tumor resection without conversion to open surgery.Among them, 3 children obtained left hemihepatectomy, 1 child underwent hepatic left lobectomy, 1 child was given VI hepatectomy, and 1 child accepted hepatic caudate lobectomy.The operation time was(90±9)min, and the average intraoperative blood loss was (83±26) mL.All children had no blood transfusion during or after operation.There were no bleeding, bile leakage, infection and liver failure after operation.All children had no gastric tube before surgery and the fluid diet was given on the first day after operation, and the postoperative median hospital stay was 4(3-5) days.The pathology were consis-tent with the preoperative diagnosis, and the resections were all radical operation resections.The follow-up period was from 2 to 23 months, and all the children recovered well and no recurrence was observed.Conclusions:Laparoscopic liver tumor resection in children is safe and feasible, which can minimize trauma, reduce intraoperative bleeding and shorten the hospital stay without increasing the incidence of postoperative complications.Laparoscopic liver tumor resection in children has certain advantages.

Objective To evaluate the effect of parecoxib combined with ropivacaine for incision infiltration on agitation during recovery from anesthesia in patients undergoing abdominal hepatectomy. Methods Forty patients of both sexes, aged 35-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-24 kg∕m2 , of Ameri-can Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ or Ⅱ, undergoing elective partial hepatectomy, were di-vided into parecoxib sodium group ( group P ) and parecoxib sodium plus ropivacaine group ( group RP ) with 20 cases in each group. Parecoxib sodium 40 mg was intravenously injected at 30 min before operation in group P. Parecoxib sodium 40 mg was intravenously injected at 30 min before operation, and incision in-filtration was performed with 0. 5％ ropivacaine 20 ml at the end of surgery in group RP. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was performed at the end of surgery in both groups. The development of agitation, re-spiratory depression and nausea and vomiting was recorded within 30 min after operation. Blood samples were collected from the radial artery immediately before induction ( T0 ) , at the end of surgery ( T1 ) and at removal of extubation ( T2 ) for determination of plasma cortisone ( Cor) concentrations ( by radio-immunity method), plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations (by enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay) and blood glucose ( using a blood gas analyzer) . Results Compared with the baseline at T0 , the plasma concentrations of Cor, Glu, E and NE were significantly increased at T1,2 in two groups ( P>0. 05) . The incidence of agitation and plasma concentrations of Cor, Glu, E and NE were significantly low-er at T1,2 in group RP than in group P ( P<0. 05) . No patients developed nausea and vomiting and respira-tory depression in two groups. Conclusion Parecoxib combined with ropivacaine for incision infiltration can decrease the occurrence of agitation during recovery from anesthesia, which is related to inhibiting stress responses of patients undergoing abdominal hepatectomy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is mostly treated by surgery combined with interventional therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and local treatment. However, it often relapses after the operation. And the prognosis of advanced patients is poor, and the effective rate of chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy is low. Recent studies indicated that the occurrence and progress of HCC are closely related to the immune function of the body. Immunotherapy, as a new type of tumor therapy, has drawn much attention. By improving the immunogenicity of tumor cells and the killing sensitivity of effector cells, it stimulates the immune function of the body, prolongs the progression-free survival time and the overall survival time of patients, and becomes an integral part of the comprehensive treatment of liver cancer. This article reviewd the progress in immunotherapy of HCC in the recent years.

Objective:To study the safety and efficacy of liquid isolation assisted technology in ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent to liver surfaces.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 246 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma near liver surfaces treated by radiofrequency ablation from November 2016 to November 2019 at the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University. There were 182 males and 64 females, aged (56.7±9.2) years. The patients were divided into the liquid isolation group with liquid isolation assisted technology for radiofrequency ablation ( n=131) and the conventional treatment group with conventional radiofrequency ablation ( n=115). The complication, one-time complete ablation and progression-free survival rates were compared between the two groups. Results:The incidence of intraoperative complications in the liquid isolation group was 21.4% (28/131), versus 20.9% (24/115) in the conventional treatment group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the liquid isolation group was 20.6% (27/131), which was significantly lower than that in the conventional treatment group 33.9% (39/115) ( P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative pain in the liquid isolation group was 6.1% (8/131), which was significantly lower than that in the conventional treatment group 15.7% (18/115) ( P<0.05). For the 131 patients in the liquid isolation group, there were 183 tumors near to liver surfaces. For the 115 patients in the conventional treatment group, there were 142 lesions near to liver surfaces. The one-time complete ablation rate in the liquid isolation group was 94.0% (172/183), which was significantly higher than the 75.4% (107/142) in the conventional treatment group ( P<0.05). The progression-free survival rate in the liquid isolation group was significantly better than that in the conventional treatment group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The liquid isolation technique increased the one-time complete ablation rate of liver cancer adjacent to liver surfaces, reduced the incidence of postoperative complications and improved prognosis.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes between the new cold-circulation bipolar radiofrequency assisted versus Habib-4X bipolar radiofrequency assisted open hemihepatectomy.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 45 patients who underwent bipolar radiofrequency assisted open hemihepatectomy at the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2016 to January 2020. There were 28 males and 17 females, with an average age of 52.2 years. These patients were divided into the experimental group ( n=20) who underwent the new cold-circulation bipolar radiofrequency assisted open liver resection, and the control group ( n=25) who underwent the Habib 4X bipolar radiofrequency assisted open liver resection. The postoperative alanine aminotransferase (ALT), postoperative aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver coagulative necrosis plane width, speed of liver parenchymal transection, electrode needle carbonization rate, and postoperative complications were compared between groups. Results:In the experimental group, the speed of liver parenchymal transection was (5.0±2.0) cm 2/min, the width of the coagulative necrosis plane was (1.36±0.21) cm, the AST on the first postoperative day was (177.0±79.3) U/L, the ALT on the first postoperative day was (200.2±78.5) U/L, and the electrode needle tip carbonization rate was 20.0% (4/20). These figures were significantly better than the control group with (3.6±1.7) cm 2/min, (1.93±0.16) cm, (233.2±66.6) U/L, (249.2±62.9) U/L, and 56.0% (14/25), respectively (all P<0.05). The postoperative complication rate was 15.0% (3/20) in the experimental group and 24.0% (6/25) in the control group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Cold-circulation bipolar radiofrequency assisted hemihepatectomy was safe and feasible. It had the advantages of rapid transection of liver parenchyma, a low electrode tip carbonization rate, and a more accurate coagulation range.

Objective:To evaluate A modified Blumgart pancreaticojejunostomy in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods:The clinical data of 81 patients undergoing laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy in Zhengzhou University Affiliated Cancer Hospital from Jan 2019 to Jan 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 26 patients underwent modified Blumgart anastomosis and 55 underwent conventional Blumgart anastomosis.The data of demographics, liver function, pancreatic texture, operational result and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The preoperative data (body mass index, preoperative albumin, prealbumin, transaminase, total bilirubin) between two groups were comparable ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in pancreatic texture, pancreatic duct diameter and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups ( P>0.05). The modified group had shorter total operation time ( P<0.05), shorter pancreaticojejunostomy time ( P<0.05), shorter postoperative hospital stay ( P<0.05). The incidence of total pancreatic fistula and biochemical fistula in the modified group were lower than those in the conventional group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of B/C grade pancreatic fistula and bile leakage, postoperative bleeding, infection and delayed gastric emptying between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conlusions:The modified Blumgart pancreaticojejunostomy during laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy is safe, easy to do and time saving. While the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula with clinical significance　and other major complications were similar to traditional Blumgart procedure.