MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved single-stranded RNA molecules that modulate gene translation. By targeting the mRNA of protein- coding genes, miRNAs play a critical role in neuronal differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. There are a lot of miRNAs in central nervous system, which are not only closely linked to development, differentiation and function of nerve cells, also play an important role in nerve lesions and dysfunction after cerebral ischemia. Specific miRNA through their own changes affect their target gene expression levels after focal cerebral ischemia, involving in the protection against apoptosis in neurons and regeneration after cerebral ischemia. A full understanding of the specific microRNA function and its underlying mechanism in the brain can provide a new strategy for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ischemic cerebral injury at gene level.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; Humans ; MicroRNAs

Reflecting on the historical responsibility of Chinese medical ethics at present， it is necessary to place oneself in the grand context of promoting the process of building a community with a shared future for mankind. Safety， development， and civilization constitute the three important ethical dimensions of a community with a shared future for mankind， which are not only ethical orientations， but also ethical appeals. These provide an important direction for Chinese medical ethics to deeply consider its role in the process of a community with a shared future for mankind. The historical responsibilities of Chinese medical ethics in the process of promoting a community with a shared future for mankind mainly include： confronting moral and interest issues， adhering to the patient-centered approach， and ensuring patients’ life safety； playing the role of ethical regulation， achieving the practical effects of medical ethics， and maintaining social security and stability； implementing the responsibility of medical ethics education， shaping medical professionalism， and promoting the development of healthy China； inheriting the excellent traditional culture， pursuing medical excellence and justice， and promoting the development of social morality； pursuing common health values， building a community with a shared future between doctors and patients， and promoting the progress of human. A global community of health for all provides the most direct practical platform for Chinese medical ethics to fulfill its historical responsibility in the process of building a community with a shared future for mankind. It directly promotes Chinese medical ethics to the world， and Chinese ethics facing the world will play an increasingly important influence in self-renewal.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate factors that affected the distribution of rehydrated particle size of freeze-dried docetaxel liposome and develop a technique of producing docetaxel liposome that can meet clinical requirements. METHODS: The single factor method was utilized in this study. Docetaxel liposome were prepared using different types of negatively charged phospholipids, or lecithins with varying phosphatidylcholine (PC) content, or various cryoprotectants at different gradient concentrations, followed by freeze-drying with different protocols. The particle sizes of corresponding rehydrated products were compared and the effects of different factors were analyzed. RESULTS: The optimal liposomal membrane was composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid (DPPA), 20% trehalose and lecithin containing 92% PC. The best freeze-drying protocol included following steps; flash freezing, 19 h of sublimation-drying and 9 h of desorption-drying. CONCLUSION: The parameters, including negatively charged phospholipids, cryoprotectants, PC content of lecithin and lyophilization protocols, had various effects on the particle sizes of reconstituted docetaxel liposome.

To study the effect of glucagon-likepeptide 1(GLP-1)receptor agonist on insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative stress in rats with diabetes mellitus combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 36 male SD rats were served as the experimental animal and randomly divided into control group, model group, and GLP-1 group. The rats of control group were given routine diet with intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, those in model group were given high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, while GLP-1 group rats were fed with high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of liraglutide. After 4 weeks of treatment, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, liver injury and oxidative stress were all assessed. Serum fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST)levels and total cholesterol, triglyceride contents in liver tissue, and as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)levels of model group were significantly higher than those of control group, complex insulin sensitivity index(ISIcomp)level was significantly lower than that of control group; serum fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT, AST contents and HOMA-IR levels of GLP-1 group were significantly lower than those of model group, ISIcomp level was significantly higher than that of model group; superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), catalase(CAT)contents in liver tissue of model group were significantly lower, while malondialdehyde content and SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, NF-E2 related factor-2(Nrf-2), antioxidant response element(ARE), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1), glutathione thiol transferase(GST)mRNA expression were significantly higher than control group; SOD, GSH-Px, CAT contents and SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, Nrf-2, ARE, HO-1, NQO-1, GST mRNA expression in the liver tissue of GLP-1 group were significantly higher, while malondialdehyde content was significantly lower than that of model group. GLP-1 receptor agonist reduces insulin resistance and liver oxidative stress injury in diabetic rats with nonalcoholic liver disease.

OBJECTIVETo explore the treatment of casualties who suffered from multiple injuries in earthquake and had been treated by damage control (DC) immediately,and the definite postponed surgery time by way of APACHE II score.

METHODSFrom May to June 2008, 21 casualties who had undergone DC accepted further treatment of medicine and surgery, and recovered physical potentiality in the intensive care unit (ICU). APACHE II score was adopted to evaluate the casualties' physical potentiality. Then, internal fixation of intra-articular fractures and centrum fractures, alternation from external fixation to internal fixation, reconstruction of soft tissue was applied by stages according to the plan.

RESULTSAll the patients were effectively cured after definite postponed surgery. There was less complication, low deformity ratio and no death happened.

CONCLUSIONTimely evaluation of the casualties' physical potentiality, appropriate surgery time and exact surgery can reduce the casualties' complication, deformity rate and death rate.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Trauma ; complications ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

After the articular cartilage injury, the metabolic level is increased during the progressive degeneration, the chondrocytes secrete a variety of inflammatory factors, and the original cell phenotype is gradually changed. For a long time, a large number of researchers have done a lot of researches to promote anabolism of chondrocytes and to maintain the stability of chondrocyte phenotype. There are many molecular signaling pathways involved in the process of promoting cartilage repair. This review focuses on the key signaling molecules in articular cartilage repair, such as transforming growth factor-beta and bone morphogenetic protein, and reveals their roles in the process of cartilage injury and repair, so that researchers in related fields can understand the molecular mechanism of cartilage injury and repair widely and deeply. Based on this, they may find promising targets and biological methods for the treatment of cartilage injury.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; physiology ; Cartilage, Articular ; growth & development ; injuries ; Chondrocytes ; physiology ; Humans ; Regeneration ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the character of inorganic elements in Flos Chrysanthemi indici and look for relationship between the element concentration and regions.

METHODThe contents of elements, including borum (B), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium(Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), cesium (Se), barium(Ba) and lead(Pb) in Chinese traditional herb Flos Chrysanthemi indici from different regions were determined by ICP-AES. The element distrubution diagram were plotted. The principal component analysis and correlation analysis of SPSS were applied for the study of characteristic elements.

RESULTSimilar curves of element concentration have been acquired. It is observed that the content of elements in the samples shows regional diversity. There are 15 correlative element pairs in correlation analysis. Four principal components which accounted for over 84.437% of the total variance were extracted from the original data. The first and second factors accounted for 60.090% of the total variance, which means that P, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Sr, B, Na and Se may be the characteristic elements.

CONCLUSIONThe showed that element content in Flos Chrysanthemi Indici display special distributing diagram. Remarkable correlation is presented in some element pairs. The elements contents of Flos Chrysanthemi indici gained from Yunan, Hunan are higher than those from other regions.

China ; Chrysanthemum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; Trace Elements ; analysis

OBJECTIVESelecting an effective way to increase salt-resistance of Prunella vulgaris seed through seed priming technology.

METHODThe treatment of salt stress to P. vulgaris seeds was made by the different concentrations of NaCl solutions. Primed seeds germinated under 0.8% NaCl.

RESULTAs concentrations of NaCl increasing, seed germination percentage, germination index and vitality index reduced. Primed with 15%-35% PEG, 100-500 mg x L(-1) GA3 and 0.4%-2.0% KNO3-KH2PO4 could enhance seeds germination index and vitality index under salt stress while treated with NaCl seeds germination percentage reduced.

CONCLUSIONTreated with PEG, GA3, KNO3-KH2PO4 under proper concentration, the seed vigor, seed resistance under salt stress increased.

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; drug effects ; Germination ; drug effects ; Prunella ; drug effects ; physiology ; Salt-Tolerance ; drug effects ; Seeds ; drug effects ; physiology ; Sodium Chloride ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo understand the embryo after-ripening phenomenon of Panax quinquefolium, the growth and development process of fruit and seed was investigated in this study.

METHODThe growth and development characteristics of fruit and seed were obtained by field observation, the morphological changes were measured with a vernier caliper, paraffin section was used as well.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe plant reached the most flowering numbers in 5-8 d after initial blooming time and the lag phase of embryo occurred in about 70 d. The size, fresh and dry weight of fruit and seed were all reached maximum in fruit maturation period. As the result showed, the development of seed was stopped at torpedo form of embryos, this conclusion can be applied to explore the morphological after-ripening mechanism of P. quinquefolium seed.

Fruit ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Panax ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Seeds ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo determine the concentration of mineral elements and analyze the principal components in Thesium chinense.

METHODMineral elements were determined by ICP-DES. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used toanalyze and evaluate the characteristic elements.

RESULTT. chinense contained more than 17 mineral elements, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Sr, B, Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, Mg, Mn, Zn and Cu were abundance in T. chinense. The concentration of Mn and Zn were about 100 microg x g(-1), Mg was from 1 898.0 to 3 137.73 micro x g(-1), Fe > 500 microg x g(-1). PCA concluded that four factors (F1, F2, F3, F4 ) could be used to evaluate the quality of T. chinense. The function is following: F = 0.444 77F1 + 0.237 71F2 + 0.167 28F3 + 0.150 24F4. The scores of different populations of T. chinens were from 0.627 to 0.189. Zn,Cu,Mg,P, K, Al, Fe, Cr, Na, Co, Pb, Mn, B and Ca were the characteristic elements of T. chinense.

CONCLUSIONT. chinense contain more than 17 mineral elements. Zn, Cu, Mg, P, K, Al, Fe, Cr, Na, Co, Pb, Mn, B and Ca were the characteristic elements of T. chinense.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Principal Component Analysis ; Santalaceae ; chemistry ; Trace Elements ; analysis