Fluid therapy plays an important role in maintaining the stability of vital signs and the good perfusion of tissues.Therefore,it is the basis for treatment of diseases.The purpose of fluid therapy is to keep the patient's effective circulating volume,increase cardiac output,and ensure adequate tissue perfusion,which may facilitate the transport of oxygen and nutrients.Perioperative fluid therapy has gone through the progress from choosing the type of liquid to reforming the mode of fluid treatment.Since the concepts of fast track surgery and precision medicine appeared,the anesthesiologists and surgeons have pay more attention to the goal-directed fluid therapy(GDFT).GDFT aims to maintain organ perfusion and oxygen transport of tissues by regulating the amount of fluid on basis of a physiological index.As a new fluid therapy,GDFT contributes to maintaining oxygen delivery and reducing both morbidity and mortality.This article reviews the progress and challenges for GDFT.

For pharmaceutical industries, clinical data is one of the most valuable deliverables. It is also the basis of analysis, submission, approval, labeling and marketing of a drug product. To ensure the integrity and reliability of clinical data, a scientific standardized quality control (QC) has to be established at each step of a clinical trial. Data validation is conducted to ensure the reasonability and compliance of clinical data by checking data quality before the data is statistically analyzed. This paper focuses on purpose of data validation, creation of data validation plan, rationale of data validation, types of data validation and performance of user acceptance testing on clinical database.

Objective Perioperative fluid therapy has always been the most basic and important measure to maintain the stability of patients'cyclic system.Colloid and crystalloid,as common perioperative fluid,play different roles in clinical application due to the different molecular sizes.In the recent years,besides their contribution to maintain the stability of cyclic system,scientists have begun to pay attention to the effect on coagulation,especially their comparison.This paper mainly discusses the study status of the influence on coagulation produced by different liquids.

For pharmaceutical industries, clinical data is one of the most valuable deliverables. It is also the basis of analysis, submission, approval, labeling and marketing of a drug product. To ensure the integrity and reliability of clinical data, a scientific standardized quality control (QC) has to be established at each step of a clinical trial. Data validation is conducted to ensure the reasonability and compliance of clinical data by checking data quality before the data is statistically analyzed. This paper focuses on purpose of data validation, creation of data validation plan, rationale of data validation, types of data validation and performance of user acceptance testing on clinical database.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Data Accuracy ; Data Collection ; standards ; Databases, Factual ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To explore the expression and significance of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)in ovarian cancer,and the effect of combined PI3K inhibitor(LY294002)therapy with cisplatin on epithelial ovarian carcinoma,and to explore if there is a synergistic effect between the two therapies. Methods The expression levels of PI3K p85 subunit proteins and mRNA were evaluated by western blot and RT-PCR in normal ovarian tissue(G1),ovarian benign tumor tissue(G2),ovarian borderline tumor tissue(G3)and ovarian cancer tissue(G4),and the relevant clinical pathological parameters were analyzed.SKOV3 ceils were isolated and cultured by enzymolysis method.SKOV3 cells were treated with culture medium only,LY294002(1,10,30,50,100 ?mol/L),cisplatin(0.33,1.25,2.5,5, 10 ?mol/L),LY294002(50 ?mol/L)+cisplatin(10 ?mol/L)for 2 days,respectively.The effect of LY294002 and cisplatin on the growth of SKOV3 cells was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Results There was no positive expression of PI3K p85 subunit proteins in G1 and G2,while the expression was 2/6 in G3,and 85%(33/39)in G4.PI3K p85 subunit mRNA expression levels were 0.178?0.102 in G1,0.643?0.112 in G2,0.847?0.058 in G3,1.689?0.423 in G4;there was a significant difference between G1,G2,G3 and G4(P0.05).Significant differences were noted between protein expression levels in G4(Ⅲ,Ⅳ)and G4(Ⅰ,Ⅱ;P

Diabetes,characterized by chronic increase of blood glucose,is a group of metabolic diseases.It is usually treated by oral administration with antidiabetic drug and insulin with western medicine.Diabetes is called consumptive thirst in TCM.Professor NAN Zheng thought the pathogenesis of consumptive was yin defi ciency and dryness-heat at the early stage,and at the protracted stage it was usually characterized by qi defi ciency,blood stasis,pathogen intruding into collateral and poison damaging zang and fu.He established a series of treatment plan,involving diet,movement,and the Chinese materia medica.Professor NAN opposed to abusing insulin and the insulin multi-purpose theory,and proposed the treatment should start from change of bad life style and combine with application of Chinese medicine to regulate yin-yang and qi-blood of fi ve viscera,treat triple diabetes at the same time.So long as syndrome differentiation was accurate,the Chinese materia medica may replace the insulin and prolong the life.In conclusion,this article enumerates 3 typical cases diabetes withdrawal of insulin with TCM by Professor NAN Zheng.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) guided interstitial chemotherapy for the pancreas in canine model. Methods A therapeutic 19gauge needle was inserted into the pancreas with EUS guidance,and seeds with sustained release of 5-iluorouracil were implanted into the tissue. After 14 days of clinical observation,the animals were sacrificed and the tissue response to local chemotherapy was examined. Results All the seeds were implanted successfuUy and no migration was observed. Chemotherapy induced tissue fibrous necrosis was localized in the pancreas without significant complications. The apoptotic index of tissue within 1 cm of the seeds increased.Biochemical parameters were normal in all the dogs. Conclusion EUS-guided implantation of seeds is a safe,simple and minimally invasive technique for interstitial chemotherapy in the pancreas.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Solanaceous Alkaloids ; poisoning

Purpose To investigate the expression of Dkk3 and Cyclin D1 protein in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and clinical significance.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect Dkk-3 and Cyclin D1 protein expression level in 80 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and corresponding para-cancer tissue.Results The expression of Dkk-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly lower than those in corresponding para-cancer tissue (P ＜ 0.05) and the expression of Cyclin D1 in hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher than those in CoTesponding para-cancer tissue (P ＜ 0.05).The up-regulation of Cyclin D1 and the down-regulation of Dkk-3 proteins were correlated with pathologic differentiation degree (P ＜0.05).There was a significant inverse correlation between Dkk3 and Cyclin D1 expression (P =0.044,rs =-0.226).Conclusion The abnormal expression of Dkk-3 and Cyclin D1 gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma suggest that Dkk-3 and Cyclin D1 gene may play an important role in the development and progression of the cancer.The combination deteetion of the two biomarkers may provide valuable data for diagnosis and prognosis estimation of HCC.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of angiogenesis on the development of endometrial carcinoma. Methods Hysterectomy specimens were stained immunohistochemically by the marker of factor Ⅷ-related antigen for endothelium vessels in normal controls, patients with endometrial hyperplasia and with endometrial carcinoma. Results The microvascular density(MVD) in tumour increased gradually from normal endometrium to endometrial hyperplasia and to endometrial carcinoma(P<0.01). MVD correlated with the mvometrial invasion, histologic grades and the stages.ConclusionMYD in endometrial hyperplasia increases. MVD can be used as a prognostic factor.