Intestinal mucosal barrier has the function to isolate intestinal contents and internal environment,prevent foreign antigens and pathogens invading to lamina propria mueosae and can maintain organic homeostasis and normal activities.Impairment of the intestinal barrier is a key event in various gastrointestinal diseases.Probiotics are live microorganisms which ingested and reach the intestines in sufficient numbers to confer benefit to the host.It can improve or prevent many gastrointestinal diseases.The main reason is probiotics can maintain intestinal barrier function in various paths.This paper reviews its mechanisms of action.

The treatments of infected bone defects are still a major clinical problem.In recent years,local delivery systems applied as anti-infection and bone repair material become a hot research topic.In this review,we discuss various influence factors such as osteoinductive growth factors,antibiotics,cartier material,extended release methods.We also introduce the recent progress in the development of local delivery system for the treatment of infected bone defects.

This article is trying to find out the historical and realistic reasons of the restriction of the process of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the history of TCM theory and practice of TCM institutional setup and related policies and many other aspects.Then it points out that the TCM in the background of the development of science and technology today is already has the necessary conditions of modernization,but the process can not be succeed overnight,it ought to be a systematic engineering.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a recurrent chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease which can be seen at any age.Its pathogenesis is not clear and the incidence is increasing.Intestinal mucosal barrier has the function to isolate intestinal contents and internal environment which can prevent pathogens invade to lamina propria mucosae and maintain organic homeostasis and normal activities.Impairment of intestinal barrier is a key event in various gastrointestinal diseases,such as IBD.The dysfunction of intestinal mucosal mechanic barrier,immunologic barrier and biologic barrier or their interactions all can induce gastrointestinal diseases.Identifying the specific mechanism of intestinal mucosal barrier impairment in pathogenesis of IBD,maintaining and restoring intestinal barrier function is becoming a new strategy in the treatment of IBD.

Wnt signaling pathways is a hot focus in recent years,which plays important regulatory roles in cell proliferation,differentiation and migration.Wnt signaling pathways include classical Wnt signaling pathways and non classical Wnt signaling pathways.Wnt11 is a very important signal molecule in the nonclassical WNT signaling pathways and kidney development,which plays a positive regulatory effect in the development of kidney and become silent in mature kidney.Studies have shown that Wnt11 re-express in the renal fibrosis.This paper discusses the function of the Wnt11 in kidney development and the relationship between Wnt11 and renal fibrosis.

Objective To study the influence of microinflammation factors on the pregnancy outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients.Methods Forty-eight GDM women with abnormal hsCRP and IL-6 concentration were selected as study group another 36 GDM women with normal concentration as control group.The difference of the two groups in common data and outcomes of pregnancy were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were significant difference in hypertensive disorders,prom,premature delivery,intra-uterine asphyxia,mega fetus,uterine-incision delivery and fetus hypoglycemia hypocalcemia between two groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Microinflammation factors have promote influence on the development and outcomes of GDM.Early diagnosis and impose intervention may have positive effect.

MicroRNA,known as micro-RNA or miRNA,is a class of small non-coding RNA whose ma-ture products is ～22 nucleotides long.It negatively regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional lev-el.More and more studies confirm the important role of miRNA in carcinogenesis and tumor development by reg-ulating cell apoptosis,and the research focuses on tumor-associated miRNA in tumor cell apoptosis may bring widest perspective on treatment and diagnosis of tumor in the future.

It is high time to regulate the Chinese medical ethics review system and construct a supervision system of medical ethics review.According to the guideline of WHO,models of supervision system of medical ethic review in certain developed countries,and national conditions,this paper proposes several countermeasures including perfecting related legal system,constructing certification system of ethics review committee,and formulating integrated contents and procedure of supervision.

In this report,We performed HLA-A、—B and DR antigens typing and detected antibodies to U_1RNP ploypeptide antigen by Immunblotting in 37 patients with MCTD.The results showed that (1)there were no significant differences between the MCTD patients and normal controls in the frequencies of HLA—A,—B antigens.(2)there were significant differences between patients fulfilling sharp's criteria and normal controls in the frequencies of DR4 and R5 (60.9%,RR=4.7,Pc0.05).(3)the frequencies of DR4 and R5 in MCTD patients with myositis were increasedcompared with these without myositis(P0.05).

Moral emotion education of medical students should begin with arousing human nature of students and making them to have the sense of consciousness to patients, which takes sympathy as the core. However, when faced with the increase of doctor-patient contradiction, students are easy to suspect the general sense. So students should be guided to understand the necessity of moral emotion in professional activity of doctors, and thus to adhere to treat patients with emotion due to responsibility. On this basis, through combining the education of having emo-tion to patient with working reasonably, medical students will gradually take treating patients with emotion as their own compulsory emotion, and to realize the transformation from human nature to medicine nature.