Phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes play pivotal role in the biotransform and metabolism of exogenous substances, which might influence its ability of metabolism and detoxification to exogenous carcinogens.Polymorphism have been demonstrated in various phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes and etiology studies showed that individuals exposed to the same environment could develop different susceptibility to tumorigenesis due to different metabolic enzyme polymorphism. Here, we summarized the effects of phase Ⅱ metabolic enzyme polymorphism on the risk of cancer.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Europe ; Humans ; United States

Objective To investigate the relationship between pulsed radiofrequency voltage and therapeutic effect on idiopathic trigeminalneuralgia. Methods 22 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia patients treated with standard pulsed radiofrequency ineffectively and other 22 patientswith satisfactory effect were included. The pulsed radiofrequency voltage, electric resistance, stimulating voltage and postoperativecomplications were compared. Results Pulsed radiofrequency voltage in the effective group was more than that in ineffective group (P<0.01). More patients suffered from mild numbness in the pulsed radiofrequency effective group (P<0.01). Conclusion The pulsed radiofrequencyvoltage is an important factor affecting the therapeutic effect.

Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of Acarbose on type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with postprandial hypotension (PPH) in elderly patient. Methods: A total of 60 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and PPH who were diagnosed and treated at our hospital from July 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study.Patients were given Acarbose intervention for two weeks.The changes of blood pressure, heart rate and blood glucose before and after treatment were monitored, and the therapeutic effects and side effects were evaluated. Results: After Acarbose intervention, postprandial systolic pressure (F=9.311, P=0.033), diastolic pressure (F=8.710, P=0.026) and mean arterial pressure (F=7.710, P=0.021) were decreased significantly in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and PPH by comparison with those before intervention.There was no significant difference in heart rate fluctuation(F=8.091, P=0.069)and in fasting blood glucose level(t=0.209, P=0.120)before and after treatment.The 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level was lower in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus and PPH after treatment of acarbose than before treatment [(7.9±0.9)mmol/L vs. (8.9±1.9)mmol/L, t=18.310, P=0.003]. The incidence rate of PPH was 100.0% before treatment, and decreased to 43.3% (26/60) after acarbose intervention (χ²=51.430, P=0.000). There were 5 patients with adverse reactions, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions was 8.3%(5/60), and no patients had cerebral ischemia. Conclusions Acarbose can alleviate postprandial blood pressure, decrease the fluctuation of postprandial blood glucose and reduce the incidence of PPH, which has a high safety.It may be one of the effective measures in treating diabetes mellitus combined with postprandial hypotension in the elderly.

Objective To study the relationship of surgical procedures with clinical effect in herniat-ed lumbar disc in order to improve operative methods and obtain a better outcome.Methods Retrospec-tive analysis was carried out in7235patients with herniated lumbar disc,who had been operated by removal of nucleus pulposus using small incision and fenestration in our hospital since1983,313cases of whom re-ceived second operation because of postoperative complications.There were187males and126females aging from27to62years(mean,45.8years),the incidence of morbidity was4.32%.During the same period,552patients,who had less approved operative result primarily treated in other hospitals,were admitted to our hospital.There were317males and235females aging from31to64years(mean,46.0years).Results The postoperative complications could be divided into short term(within1month after operation)and mid-dle to long term(more than1month after operation)groups.The total446cases with short term compli-cation were133cases primarily treated in our hospital and313cases in other hospital,including of re-herni a-tion or incomplete nuclear extirpation in77treated with second operation,discitis in106treated with con-servative therapy for 67and second operative management for 39,canal hematoma compression in76treated surgi cally,multi-level herniation and leakage in21and mislocalization in59re-operated,injury of nerve root or cauda equina in85treated with nerve exploration,release and anastomosis,residual materials in canal in17with removal of foreign body,venous thrombus in2,and arachnoiditis in3.The total424cases with middle to long term complications were185cases primarily treated in our hospital and239cases in other hospitals,including of nerve root adhesion in159,recurred disc herniation in122,segmental instability in81,and ia-trogenic spinal stenosis in62.Conclusion Many factors may influence the outcome of herniated lum bar disc which can be abolished by sufficient preparation,careful operation and proper managememt.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is initiated intraoperatively and may display symptoms postopera- tively following total hip or total knee arthroplasties. Pulmonary embolism (PE) and DVT cause morbidity and mortality. It has been established that patients who undergo a major lower-extremity joint replacement should receive prophylaxis due to the increased risk of DVT. Despite use of thrombo-prophylaxis, elective replacement surgery carries a high risk of venous thromboembolic complications. The early detection of DVT and treatment with systemic anticoagulation to pre- vent DVT are essential in the management of patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Extended medical throm- bo-prophylaxis is indicated for some high-risk patients. Routine postoperative duplex surveillance for DVT may be clinically useful. In the early post-operative phase, combined prophylaxis such as low-molecular-weight heparins and mechanical methods may be more effective than single intervention measures. However, the efficacy and safety of an- ticoagulation therapy, using various medicines administered after total arthroplasty of large joints are still undetermined and controversial.We should also be alert to the frequency and extent of postoperative hematomas. There are still many uncertainties in treatments to prevent DVT in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, prospective, ran- domised, controlled and multicenter studies may be necessary to obtain valuable information according to evidence based medicine.

This experiment was based on a full-length SAMDC sequence from the drought stress induced cDNA library of Cleistogenes songorica.Two methods,absolute quantification and relative quantification,were used to analyze the gene expression under different tissue and drought stress treatment by real-time quantitaive PCR experiments and were compared each other,while CsSAMDC gene was used as a case.Leaves and roots tissue were sampled from the plants at 0,4,6,8,and 10 d of drought stress and 1 and 4 d after rewatering.The 2-CT method was used to analyze the relative changes in gene expression from quantitative real-time PCR experiments.A standard curve was generated by the purified plasmid DNA.The primer concentration in the realtime PCR was optimized.All absolute quatification data were normalized by the normalization factor from the most stable house-keeping genes in C.songorica.Relative quantification results using 2-CT method showed that CsSAMDC transcripts increased 5.93?0.71 fold in roots,down regulated 0.62?0.13 fold in leaves,under drought stress.Absolute quantification results showed that CsSAMDC transcripts up-regulated in roots significantly under drought stress as 1ong as 8 to 1 0 days after drought stress,while down-regulated in both roots and leaves after drought stress within 6 days and 1 to 4 days after rewatering,compared with control.CsSAMDC transcipt showed similar tendency of gene expression compared by using relative and absolute quantification methods.

Objective:To determine phenolphthalein illegally added into diet health products by Raman spectroscopy. Methods:Raman spectroscopy was used to determine phenolphthalein added into diet health products. The diet health products were extracted by suitable solvents, and then the extracting solution was measured by Raman spectroscopy. Results: A calibration curve was built and the analysis was performed on the samples with phenolphthalein at different concentrations. The results were accordance with the real added amount. Conclusion:With simple sample preprocessing method, Raman spectroscopy can be used in the fast detection of phe-nolphthalein illegally added into diet health products. The method is fast and simple with low cost, and can provide both qualitative and quantitative results. The detection limit is 1% for phenolphthalein in diet health products.

Objective To investigate effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia pump dose and effect.Methods 50 cases of patients with abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were selected.According to the postoperative analgesic drugs were divided into control group and experimental group, 25 cases in each group were given corresponding drug treatment.After treatment, the visual analogue scale, comfort score, adverse reaction rate and dosage of analgesic drugs were detected and compared.Results Compared with the control group,the VAS score were lower(P <0.05),the BCS score were higher(P<0.05),the adverse reaction rate were lower(P<0.05),the dosage of analgesic pump were lower(P<0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can significantly reduce postoperative pain degree of patients, reduce the incidence of adverse reaction, reduce analgesic dosage of the drug pump.

BACKGROUND:Pedicle screw fixation is the mainstream type of spine operation currently. The key point of the fixation is to make the screw pass through the center of pedicle. The angle of pedicle screw implantation is a key factor for repair quality. In previous literatures, angle of pedicle screw is determined according to the patient body, and is easily disturbed by factors such as position of the body. OBJECTIVE:To determine the inserting angle of pedicle screw of lower lumbar spine taking local anatomic landmark as a reference using digital technology. METHODS:3D-CT data of 100 patients were selected. The fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae received three-dimensional reconstruction, and the operation was simulated using digital technology to achieve optimal placement. After simulation, the angle of pedicle screw was measured. The angle of the planes of the midline of the screw and the midline of the spine served as coronal angle. The angle of the planes of the midline of the screw and the upper surface of the vertebral body served as sagittal angle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Measure results suggest that each angle was bigger than the angle in previous studies, which might be induced by different reference markers. Standard deviation of each angle was also big. These findings verify that the anatomical differences of pedicles were apparent. Thus, we should insert the pedicle screws individual y. Method of locating reference using anatomic landmarks of a single vertebral body can maximize to avoid interference posture. The combination with preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction is more in line with the requirements of pedicle screw, and can effectively improve the accuracy of pedicle screws.