Phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes play pivotal role in the biotransform and metabolism of exogenous substances, which might influence its ability of metabolism and detoxification to exogenous carcinogens.Polymorphism have been demonstrated in various phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes and etiology studies showed that individuals exposed to the same environment could develop different susceptibility to tumorigenesis due to different metabolic enzyme polymorphism. Here, we summarized the effects of phase Ⅱ metabolic enzyme polymorphism on the risk of cancer.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Europe ; Humans ; United States

Objective To investigate the relationship between pulsed radiofrequency voltage and therapeutic effect on idiopathic trigeminalneuralgia. Methods 22 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia patients treated with standard pulsed radiofrequency ineffectively and other 22 patientswith satisfactory effect were included. The pulsed radiofrequency voltage, electric resistance, stimulating voltage and postoperativecomplications were compared. Results Pulsed radiofrequency voltage in the effective group was more than that in ineffective group (P<0.01). More patients suffered from mild numbness in the pulsed radiofrequency effective group (P<0.01). Conclusion The pulsed radiofrequencyvoltage is an important factor affecting the therapeutic effect.

Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of Acarbose on type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with postprandial hypotension (PPH) in elderly patient. Methods: A total of 60 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and PPH who were diagnosed and treated at our hospital from July 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study.Patients were given Acarbose intervention for two weeks.The changes of blood pressure, heart rate and blood glucose before and after treatment were monitored, and the therapeutic effects and side effects were evaluated. Results: After Acarbose intervention, postprandial systolic pressure (F=9.311, P=0.033), diastolic pressure (F=8.710, P=0.026) and mean arterial pressure (F=7.710, P=0.021) were decreased significantly in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and PPH by comparison with those before intervention.There was no significant difference in heart rate fluctuation(F=8.091, P=0.069)and in fasting blood glucose level(t=0.209, P=0.120)before and after treatment.The 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level was lower in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus and PPH after treatment of acarbose than before treatment [(7.9±0.9)mmol/L vs. (8.9±1.9)mmol/L, t=18.310, P=0.003]. The incidence rate of PPH was 100.0% before treatment, and decreased to 43.3% (26/60) after acarbose intervention (χ²=51.430, P=0.000). There were 5 patients with adverse reactions, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions was 8.3%(5/60), and no patients had cerebral ischemia. Conclusions Acarbose can alleviate postprandial blood pressure, decrease the fluctuation of postprandial blood glucose and reduce the incidence of PPH, which has a high safety.It may be one of the effective measures in treating diabetes mellitus combined with postprandial hypotension in the elderly.

Humans ; Language Development Disorders ; complications ; Presbycusis ; complications

Using direct current-electropolishing technique, the present study investigated the function of components and effects of operating conditions on polishing quality direct current-electropolishing of 316L stainless steel stent materials. Smooth surface was obtained quickly using this technique.

Objective To examine ultrastructural features of the arteriole responsible for intracerebral hemorrhage or the perforating branches artery around hematoma in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and explore the mechanism of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Twelve hypertensive patients with CT proved intracerebral hemorrhage underwent operation. The small artery specimens were obtained through cortex fistula and their ultrastructures were observed under the electron microscope. Results Twelve specimens including 4 cases of duty arteriolae and 8 cases of perforating branch arteriolae were collected, Different degrees of degeneration were observed in three layers of the arteriola in all 12 specimens. Changes in endothelial cells included endothelial cell necrosis, collapse, or fallen of from endomembrane, accompanied by degeneration of internal elastic membrane, such as uneven thickness, absence of intermittent and medial smooth muscle cell necrosis. Myofilaments in the cytoplasm were condensed to form a high electron-dense cytoplasm. No micro-aneurysm was observed. Conclusions The pathological changes of cerebral small artery walls load-bearing layer in hypertensive patients include internal elastic layer rupture, smooth muscle layer of degeneration, decreased elasticity and increased fragility. Small artery walls may rupture, resulting in bleeding under the condition of rapid dynamic changes of blood flow.

AIM: To evaluate the effects and safety of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) or conbercept combined with macular laser grid photocoagulation in the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion( RVO) . ·METHODS: Fifty cases ( 50 eyes ) with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion were selected and assigned to 2 groups: intravitreal injection of TA or conbercept, and laser photocoagulation after 7d. Best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , fundus examination, optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) and intraocular pressure ( IOP ) were examined before intravitreous injection and 14d, 1 and 3mo after laser, fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) were examined 3mo after treatment. The postoperative results at each time point were compared with preoperative values. · RESULTS: Two kinds of treatment compared with preoperative, the BCVA all increased in various degrees. At 14d after intravitreous injection, 1 and 3mo after laser, the ratio of vision improved in TA group was 76%, 80%, 68%, conbercept group was 88%, 92%, 88%, BCVA of two groups in each period all had varying degrees of increase than preoperative. The best BCVA acquired at 1mo after treatment. The macular thickness after treatment was significantly lower than preoperative in two groups. At preoperative, 14d, 1 and 3mo after treatment, the macular thickness in TA group was 557. 5 ± 150. 9,301. 7±120. 1, 262. 7 ± 131. 2, 338. 1 ± 146. 5μm; the macular thickness in conbercept group was 569. 4 ± 135. 9, 282. 3 ± 133. 5, 259. 5 ± 116. 4, 307. 8 ± 122. 6μm. The macular thickness of the two groups were significantly different between preoperative and postoperative. · CONCLUSION: The combination of intravitreous injection of TA or conbercept with macular laser grid photocoagulation can be an effective method in the treatment of macular edema secondary to RVO, conbercept treatment is more effective and security.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is initiated intraoperatively and may display symptoms postopera- tively following total hip or total knee arthroplasties. Pulmonary embolism (PE) and DVT cause morbidity and mortality. It has been established that patients who undergo a major lower-extremity joint replacement should receive prophylaxis due to the increased risk of DVT. Despite use of thrombo-prophylaxis, elective replacement surgery carries a high risk of venous thromboembolic complications. The early detection of DVT and treatment with systemic anticoagulation to pre- vent DVT are essential in the management of patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Extended medical throm- bo-prophylaxis is indicated for some high-risk patients. Routine postoperative duplex surveillance for DVT may be clinically useful. In the early post-operative phase, combined prophylaxis such as low-molecular-weight heparins and mechanical methods may be more effective than single intervention measures. However, the efficacy and safety of an- ticoagulation therapy, using various medicines administered after total arthroplasty of large joints are still undetermined and controversial.We should also be alert to the frequency and extent of postoperative hematomas. There are still many uncertainties in treatments to prevent DVT in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, prospective, ran- domised, controlled and multicenter studies may be necessary to obtain valuable information according to evidence based medicine.

This experiment was based on a full-length SAMDC sequence from the drought stress induced cDNA library of Cleistogenes songorica.Two methods,absolute quantification and relative quantification,were used to analyze the gene expression under different tissue and drought stress treatment by real-time quantitaive PCR experiments and were compared each other,while CsSAMDC gene was used as a case.Leaves and roots tissue were sampled from the plants at 0,4,6,8,and 10 d of drought stress and 1 and 4 d after rewatering.The 2-CT method was used to analyze the relative changes in gene expression from quantitative real-time PCR experiments.A standard curve was generated by the purified plasmid DNA.The primer concentration in the realtime PCR was optimized.All absolute quatification data were normalized by the normalization factor from the most stable house-keeping genes in C.songorica.Relative quantification results using 2-CT method showed that CsSAMDC transcripts increased 5.93?0.71 fold in roots,down regulated 0.62?0.13 fold in leaves,under drought stress.Absolute quantification results showed that CsSAMDC transcripts up-regulated in roots significantly under drought stress as 1ong as 8 to 1 0 days after drought stress,while down-regulated in both roots and leaves after drought stress within 6 days and 1 to 4 days after rewatering,compared with control.CsSAMDC transcipt showed similar tendency of gene expression compared by using relative and absolute quantification methods.