When the patients with chronic renal failure need drug therapy,we must select the appropriate drugs and adjust the drug delivery methods and dosage according to the renal function of these patients,at the same time we have to consider the factors such as age,sex,weight,combined medication,damage of other organs and so on,the therapeutic drug concentration monitoring should be paid attention to.For patients with blood purification,if the drug mainly removed by the kidneys,adjustments of drug administration must be based on the molecular weight of drug,volume of distribution,protein binding rate,mode of dialysis and hemodialyzer.We must ensure the drug efficacy and reduce the adverse reactions of drugs at the same time in the patients of renal insufficiency.

Enterovirus A, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; pathology ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; etiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pulmonary Edema ; etiology ; virology

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Humans ; Sepsis ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Sepsis ; classification ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; virology ; Virus Diseases

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a complex disease process in which injury severity,duration and timing of the antenatal injury are difficult to discern.HIBD triggers a cascade of pathophysiological events (blood-brain barrier damage,oxidative stress,inflammation,glutamate excitotoxicity,energy depletion and cell death) leading to brain damage and neonatal death.Under this background,the changing of biomarkers in different types of biological fluids able to be detected and prognosed HIBD.

Infectious diseases have emerged as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)patients,so early diagnosis of infectious complication in SLE patients is absolutely beneficial for patients' prognosis.C-reactive protein(CRP)and Procalcitonin(PCT)can help to differentiate infections with active SLE in SLE patients.Serum KL-6 can help to distinguish pulmonary involvement of SLE from infections in SLE patient.The most common pathogens for infection in SLE patients are bacteria,but more attention should be paid to viral and fungal infections,which have been on a rise recently.

To explore the relationship between clinical findings and pathological changes of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), 37 children with IgAN were undertaken clinical classification and renal-pathological comparison including glomerulus change, renal tubule-interstitial change and immunopathology. The results showed that there were 18 (49%) cases with hematuria, 14 (38%) cases with nephrotic syndrome, 3(8%) cases with both of hematuria and proteineuria, and 2 (5%) cases with nephritic syndrome in the clinical classification. 54% of cases with glomerulus changes was as class III. No significant relationship was found between clinical classification and glomerulus changes. There were 24 cases with renal-tubule interstitial changes and 7 cases with hematuria. 43% of them were classified as class I and 57% as class II.All cases with nephrotic syn-drome developed renal tubule-interstitial change. 78% (11 cases) of them were as class II and 22% (3 cases) as class III. Besides, 2 of 3 cases with both of hematuria and proteineuria and 1 of 2 cases with nephritic syndrome also manifested renal tubule-interstitial change. There were four phenotypes were observed in immunopathology including 16 cases of them as IgA, 6 cases as IgAG, 10 cases as IgAM and 5 cases as IgAGM, respectively. 66% of cases with hematuria was found as IgA and 50% of cases with nephrotic syndrome as IgAM. It is concluded that hematuria can be a main clinical finding in both of IgAN and nephrotic syndrome. Glomerulus changes is usually not correlated with clinical classification. There is a significant renal tubule-interstitial change in cases with nephrotic syndrome. Hematuria is usually as IgA and nephrotic syndrome as IgAM in immunopathology.

Mechanism studies in the gene regulation in the eukaryotic cells is one of the momentous areas in molecular biology.Regulation at transcription level is a complex progress with multiple steps with the presence of the gene functions.There exist ubiquitous occurrence of transcription factors in mammalian tissues and biodiversity in the factors.These transcription factors are found to relate closely to various carcinogeneses,including cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and angiogenesis.Understanding of transcription factors and their action mechanisms,through the activation and inhibition of transcription factors,would potentially lead to the discovery of new entities in the targeting treatment and prevention of the cancer diseases.