BACKGROUND:Fractures of the coronoid progress are common in patients with elbow dislocations, and often accompanied by elbow ligament and joint capsule laceration. The coronoid progress fracture often leads to elbow joint instability, if cannot get the correct therapy, wil result in repeatedly elbow instability, dislocation, and cause long-term irreversible damage to the elbow. OBJECTIVE:To review the literatures about coronoid fractures and relative anatomic and biomechanical studies. METHODS:An electronic search of the Web of Science database was conducted for clinical and experimental researches about coronoid fractures and relative anatomic and biomechanics published from January 1990 to March 2013, the key words were“coronoid process of the ulna, coronoid fracture, treatment method, research progress”. The articles published earlier and repetitive researches were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Coronoid process is an important primary stabilizer of elbow joint, The coronoid process combined with the soft tissues of ligaments, joint capsule and muscles that attached on the coronoid plays an important role in maintaining the elbow axial, varus, valgus and rotation stability. The selection of the treatment strategies for coronoid process fracture depends on the fracture type, degree of fracture fragments crush and injury of medial and lateral col ateral ligament and the anterior capsule. Uncomminuted large fractures can be treated with open reduction and internal fixation;comminuted fractures can be treated with reduction and internal fixation by the largest fracture fragments, autograft reconstruction or artificial coronoid process replacement;the repair of smal coronoid process fracture depends on the circumstances;if the elbow gets enough stability after repair of soft tissue injury, it cannot be addressed, if not, the elbow should be repaired with sutures or anchors. Earlier motion after operation is important to get better function, and the hinged external fixator can be used if necessary.

The occurrence and severity of radiotherapy-induced adverse events cannot be accounted for or predicted by therapeutic and clinical factors alone.Evidence suggests that genetic variants are associated with adverse effects following radiotherapy.Radiation genomics is the study of genetic variants associated with radiotherapy toxicity.Radiation genomics aims to develop a risk prediction model and uncover the biological mechanisms responsible for radiotherapy toxicity.With the advances in genomics and bioinformatics in the past two decades,radiation genomics has evolved from candidate gene studies to genome-wide association studies,with a series of progress.In this review,we will discuss the study background,design,approaches,challenges,and future directions for radiation genomics.

Objective To study the inter-rater reliability of Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS) and Gait Abnormality Rating Scale (GARS) in patients with stroke. Methods 20 hemiplegic patients were required to walk on their comfortable speed and videotaped from frontal, backward and lateral. The video recordings were scored with WGS and GARS by 2 experienced physical therapists. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated for the scores in each category and the total score. Results ICC for the WGS were 0.372~1, and were 0~0.875 for the GARS. Conclusion WGS is more appropriater to assess the gait of hemiplegic stroke patients than GARS.

Objective To find the plantar pressure readings which best indicate foot inversion during the stance phase of walking among hemiplegic stroke survivors.Methods Twenty-two hemiplegic stroke survivors who were able to walk without extra aid were recruited as the experimental group, while 17 healthy elderly men of similar age and body weight were selected as the control group.Those in both groups were asked to walk at their preferred speed over a Footscan device which measured medio-lateral pressure ratios, maximum plantar pressures and the contact areas of both feet.The Clinical Spasticity Index (CSI) was used to evaluate the affected feet.Results The average medial forefoot pressure of the affected side in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, but their average mesopodium and heel pressure was significantly higher.The average pressure applied by the great toe on the uninjured side in the experimental group was significantly smaller than that of the control group, but the average mesopodium and heel pressure of both feet among the hemiplegics were significantly higher than those of the control group.Among the experimental group, the average medial forefoot pressure of the affected foot was significantly greater than that of the healthy foot.The average contact area of the great toe on the affected side was significantly bigger than was observed in the control group.That of the medial forefoot was, however, significantly smaller than in the control group.There was no significant difference in the contact area between the healthy and affected feet in the experimental group, though the maxmium medio-lateral pressure ratios of their full feet and forefeet on the affected side were significantly lower than those in the healthy group.No significant differences in the maxmium medio-lateral pressure ratios of the heel were observed between the two groups, nor of the full feet, forefeet and heels of the affected and unaffected sides in the experimental group.The patients demonstrated consistently reduced joint mobility on both sides during the stance phase, coinciding with increased inversion.A significant negative correlation was found between the maxmium medio-lateral pressure ratios of the full foot and the maximum pressure of the lateral part of forefoot in the experimental group, but there was no significant correlation with contact area or CSI.Conclusions Plantar pressure data can be used to describe the amount of foot inversion in the stance phase of walking with hemiplegic patients after stroke.The maxmium medio-lateral pressure ratios can effectively reflect their foot inversion.

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using orthogonal kilo voltage fluoroscopic imaging(OKVFI)for setup correction in image guided radiotherapy of the liver.Methods After positioned the patients with liver cancer implanted with silver rings on the accelerator equipped with kilo voltage X-ray volume imaging(XVI),averaged OKVFI and cone beam CT(CBCT) volumetric images were acquired.A total of 90 datasets of averaged OKVFI and 90 datasets of volumetric images for 10 patients were obtained.The couch shifts obtained by the matching between OKVFI and digitally reconstructed radiograph were compared tu those achieved by the registration between CBCT and 4D reference average CT.On the comparison of the two different matching metheds.the Pearson coefficient was used to analyzed the correlation and Bland-Altman analysis to discern the consistence.Results The Pearson coefficient of correlation for the patient position shifts were R2=0.821.0.771 and 0.909 in the left-right (LR),anterior-posterior(AP)and superior-inferior(SI)directions respectively.95% CI were-2.30 -1.53(LR),-2.06-3.01(AP)and-2.69-1.53(SI)respectively.Within a±3 mm tolerance were 97.78%.95.56%and 96.67%respectively.Conclusions OKVFI has hish correlation and consistence with CBCT image on the setup correction.It is feasible to implement position correction with OKVFI in clinic practice.

Objective To study the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in human renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) and the effect of STATI inhibition on the radiosensi-tivity of RCC. Methods The expression of STAT1 in 34 human RCC samples compared with 12 normal kid-ney tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry method. For in vitro experiments, a human RCC cell line, CRL-1932, was used. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of total and phospory-lated STAT1. Fludarabine and siRNA were respectively used to inhibit the expression of STAT1 in CRL-1932 cells. Clonogenic assay and trypan blue staining assay were used to evaluate the radiosensitivity of CRL-1932 cells. Results The expression of both total and phospborylated STAT1 in human RCC samples was signifi-cantly higher when compared to normal kidney tissues. Similarly, the expression of STAT1 was higher in CRL-1932 cells when compared to fibroblast and Wilm's tumor cell lines. STAT1 expression was inhibited by both fludarabine and siRNA. Radiosensitivity of CRL-1932 cells was enhanced by both fludarabine and siRNA induced STAT1 inhibition. Conclusions STAT1 is over-expressed in both human RCC tissue and cell line. Inhibition of STAT1 can enhance the radiosensitivity of RCC cells.

Objective To establish a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia according to individualized and specific immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in leukemia cells, and to use it for the monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) of B-cell lymphocytic leukemia. Methods The immunoglobulin gene rearrangements of bone marrow samples from 15 cases of B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia were analyzed with a validated European BIOMED-2 system, and the individualized and specific qPCR-based quantification of leukemic immunoglobulin gene rearrangements was established. Results Unique and specific gene rearrangements of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains were identified in 14 cases and Ig-qPCR based on these gene rearrangements had a sensitivity of 10-5 and high specificity which met the international criteria in 10 patients. Leukemia MRD quantification with immunoglobulin gene rearrangement-based qPCR was similar as compared with other MRD detection methods. Conclusion Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement-based leukemia MRD quantification is feasible, sensitive, specific, precise and much valuable for clinical decision of treatments in B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.

Objective　To explore the effects of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization techniques on the exercise capacity,balance function and walking function of Parkinson’s patients.Methods　A total of 46 Parkinson’s disease patients were selected and divided into control group (n=23) and study group (n=23) using a random number table method.The control group was given conventional drugs and rehabilitation training,30 min/time,1 d/time,5 d/week;the study group was treated with dynamic neuromuscular stabilization technology on the basis of the control group,30 min/time,1 d/time,5 d/week.Before treatment,4 weeks after treatment,and 8 weeks after treatment,the third part of the Unified Parkinson’s Comprehensive Rating Scale (UPDRS-Ⅲ),the peak torque of the back muscles (PT),and the forward and backward movement distance of the trunk pressure center (AP-SD),timed up-walking test (TUGT) were evaluated.Results　Before treatment,there was no significant difference in UPDRS-Ⅲ,PT,AP-SD and TUGT between the two groups (P>0.05).The UPDRS-Ⅲ,PT,AP-SD,and TUGT groups of the two groups improved after 4 weeks of treatment and 8 weeks of treatment compared with those before treatment,and the experimental group had UPDRS-Ⅲ ［(18.76±3.59) points］ at 8 weeks of treatment,PT ［(128.09±23.74)N·m］,AP-SD［(60.68±18.63) mm］,TUGT［(22.71±3.43) S］ improved significantly (P<0.05).Conclusion　DNS can effectively improve the motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s patients,improve the patient’s back muscle strength,balance function and walking ability.

As a novel analytical technology, the research of Micro total analysis systems (micro-TAS) has been spreading rapidly. micro-TAS has been widely used to perform chemical and biochemical analysis. Microfluidic-based analytical system as micro-TAS's manily direction develops very fast in terms of it's reaction speed, reagent consumption, miniaturization, cost, and automation. After having proven the value of microfluidics for genetic, proteomic and cytomics analysis, this article also anticipates the development tendency of this technology in the biology medicine domain. It has demonstrated that a truly, easy-to-handle Microfluidic-based analytical device will be emerged in the future.
Humans ; Microarray Analysis ; instrumentation ; methods ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ; trends ; Microfluidics ; trends ; Technology Assessment, Biomedical

Produced by and purified from Taxus brevifolia, Taxol (paclitaxel) has become a widely used cancer drug in clinic. Due to the rapid growing market, current industrial production of taxol by semi-synthesis that consumes large amount of Taxus trees cannot meet the requirement of the market. The discovery of taxol-producing fungus Taxomyces andeanae, an endophyte of T. brevifolia, by Stierle et al (1993), paves a new way to the production of the drug, i.e. employing large-scale fungal fermentation to make Taxol at lower cost and yet higher yield. This review discusses the present problems in taxol production in pharmaceutical industry, the finding and research progress on taxol-producing fungi, and the potential application of fungal fermentation to manufacture this important drug.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; biosynthesis ; Fermentation ; Mitosporic Fungi ; metabolism ; Paclitaxel ; biosynthesis ; Taxus ; microbiology ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods