Leptin receptor plays an important role in the modulation of energy metabolism and lipid equilibrium after binding with Leptin. Leptin receptor locates widely in the human tissues and is closely linked with obesity. This manuscript reviews the structure of leptin receptor gene and its relationship with obesity, and discusses the role of leptin receptor in obesity development and therapy.

Objective:To observe the 5-year outcomes and complications after cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens implantation in children with bilateral congenital cataract.Methods:An observational case series study was performed.A total of 72 children (144 eyes), aged 2 to 7 years, who received intraocular lens (IOL) implantation combined with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexies and anterior vitrectomy after cataract extraction for bilateral congenital cataract in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2007 to January 2012 were enrolled.All the patients underwent refractive correction and amblyopia training two weeks after the second operative eye underwent surgery.The patients were divided into 2-3 years old group (64 eyes), 4-5 years old group (48 eyes) and 6-7 years old group (32 eyes) according to their age at surgery.The preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction, axial length, corneal curvature, binocular visual function and postoperative complications were observed during the 5-year follow-up period.The influence of age at surgery on postoperative BCVA in one eye at the final follow-up visit was analyzed.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Affiliated First Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2020-KY-219), and written informed consent was obtained from guardians of the subjects before treatment.Results:The mean myopic shift was -2.10(-2.90, -1.90), -1.73(-2.50, -2.10) and-0.52(-2.00, -0.28)D in the 2-3 years old group, 4-5 years old group and 6-7 years old group, respectively, and the axial elongation in the three groups was (1.41±0.32), (0.96±0.51), and (0.52±0.26)mm, respectively, and the differences among the three groups were statistically significant ( H=19.85, P<0.01; F=13.24, P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative and postoperative corneal curvature among the three groups (all at P>0.05).The BCVA was significantly improved in all the eyes after operation, and a certain binocular visual function was obtained, and the visual function in the 2-3 years old group was better than that of 4-5 years old group and 6-7 years old group (all at P<0.05).The BCVA at the end of following-up was 0.3 or better in 116 eyes (80.56%), and was better than 0.8 in 28 eyes (19.44%).The regression analysis results showed that children younger at surgery had better visual outcome (postoperative BCVA=0.959-0.104 operative age of patient; R2=0.539, P<0.01). Conclusions:The recovery of visual function in children with binocular congenital cataract is related to the age at operation.The younger the age at operation is, the better the recovery of visual function will be.Timely, systematic and standardized refractive correction, amblyopia treatment and binocular visual function training after operation are helpful to the development and reconstruction of visual function.

Objective To investigate the level of serum citrulline and its significance in the patients subject to intestinal transplantation. Methods Phenylisothiocyanate served as derivative reagent and the serum citrulline was determined by HPLC. Thirty-three healthy adults served as controls. Serum citrulline was measured in 2 cases of intestinal transplantation during different transplant periods. Results The serum citrulline level in 33 healthy adults was (16.87?5.97)?mol/L. Before operation, it was low (less than 10 ?mol/L) in the patients and after operation it reached to high levels and kept at higher levels. The maximium of serum citrulline was more than 30 ?mol/L in patient A and was over 50 ?mol/L in patient B. Following rejection, the serum citrulline level in patient A was decreased rapidly and simialr to that before operation and in patient B it was lower than that before operation. Conclusion The level of serum citrulline in intestinal transplantation patients was correlated with transplant rejection. More patients are reqiured for the further study.

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of ambroxol on efficacy and lung function of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods 200 patients with COPD were selected.They were divided into two groups randomly.The high dose group (102 cases) were given anmbroxol hydrochloride in high doses.The low dose group (98 cases) were given anmbroxol hydrochloride in low doses.The effect of different doses of ambroxol on efficacy and lung function of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was evaluated by the efficacy,TNF-α,CRP,pulmonary function indexes and adverse reaction during treatment.Results The effective rate was 89.2％ in the high dose group and 75.5％ in the low dose group.The effective rate of high dose group was higher than that of the low dose group (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,there were no statistical significance on CRP and TNF-α between two groups.After treatment,the CRP and TNF-α were decreased in two groups and lower in the high dose group (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,there were no statistical significance on FVC,FEV1 and FEV1/FVC％ between two groups.After treatment,FVC,FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were increased and higher in the high dose group (P ＜ 0.05).During treatment,there were no statistical significance on adverse reaction between two groups.Conclusion High dose of ambroxol was effective and safe for COPD.It could reduce inflammation and improve pulmonary ventilation with clinical use.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella infection in children with diarrhea in Zhongshan City for rational use of antibiotics.Methods A total of 6 920 stool specimens were collected from children with diarrhea including outpatients and inpatients in Zhongshan Boai Hospital from September 2009 to April 2013.Salmonella strains (n = 344)were isolated and identified by enrichment culture.The overall infection rate was 5.0%(344/6 920).Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by VITEK-2 Compact automicroscan.Results Of the 344 strains of Sal-monella,185 (53.8%)strains were Salmonella typhimurium ,43 (12.5%)were Salmonella stanley ,29 (8.4%)were Sal-monella enteritidis .The male-to-female ratio was 1.8∶1 for the children with diarrhea.The infection rate was 68.9% (237/344)in children under 1-year old.Susceptibility testing results indicated that majority (88.9%-98.0%)of these Salmonella strains were susceptible to levofloxacin,piperacillin-tazobactam,cefepime,ceftazidime,and ceftriaxone,but to ampicillin, 39.2% of the strains were susceptible.Conclusions Most Salmonella infections in Zhongshan City were caused by Salmonella typhimurium,followed by Salmonella stanley and Salmonella enteritidis .Such infections usually peak in summer and autumn seasons.The chidren under 1-year old were more susceptible to Salmonella infections.Higher incidence of infection is associat-ed with boys.Antibiotics should be chosen reasonably and prudently based on antimicrobial sensitivity testing.

Objective: Lactulose and mannitol excretion ratio in urine appears to be a marker to measure the intestinal permeability. Methods: A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of lactulose and mannitol in urine by high performance liquid chromatography.After ultrafiltered and deionized,urine samples were analyzed with a lichrosher NH 2 column(4.6 mm?250 mm,i.d.,5 ?m),a mix of acetonitril water (72∶28,volume ratio) as mobile phase and refractive index detector. Results: The recoveries were 97.86%、 99.19% respectively and the relative standard deviation were 2.12、2.04.In 18 urine samples from healthy volunteers and patients who ingested the test solution containing 10 g lactulose and 5 g mannitol,the 6 h urinary excretion ratio of lactulose/mannitol was 0.0275?0.0113. Conclusions: It is suggested that lactulose and mannitol excretion ratio was anaccurate marker of intestinal permeability.

Objective To understand the status quo of Salmonella infection in the patients with infectious diarrhea in Zhongshan city .Methods The fecal samples collected from 6 417 outpatients or inpatients with infection diarrhea in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2013 were performed the Salmonella culture ,isolation and identification and at the same time the serological clas-sification and the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed .Results Among 6 417 samples ,460 strains of Salmonel-la were detected with the isolation rate of 7 .17% .Salmonella infection was dominated by children infection .The Salmonella infec-tion rate in children aged less than 1 years was 52 .4% (241 cases) ,followed by children aged 1- < 3 years ,which was 36 .7% (169 cases) .In the serological classification ,the most of detected Salmonella was salmonella typhimurium 46 .1% ,accounting for 46 .1% , Stanley salmonella accounting for 13 .5% and Salmonella enteritidis accounting for 8 .7% .The PFGE homology analysis showed that in the XbaI enzyme digestion spectral band ,26 PFGE band types had 100% homology .Conclusion Salmonella is one of the main pathogenic bacteria causing diarrhea and serious impact on health ,which is worthy of clinicians to pay attention to .

Objectives:To determine 3-methylhistidine(3-MH) and tyrosine(Tyr) in standard solution and preparations by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with phenylisothicyanate(PITC) pre-column derivation. Methods:PITC was used as pre-column derivative of HPLC and stored in refrigerator after drying.Two phases gradient elution was performed with acetic sodium and cyanide for 50 minites. Results:The linearity of the measurement was very good for 3-MH and Tyr(r= 0.999 1 and 0.999 2).The recovery rate was 82.6% and 87.6%,respectively. Conclusions:The method of HPLC with PITC pre-column derivation for determination of 3-MH and Tyr is stable,efficient,and sensitive.PITC is an ideal derivative.

Objective To establish a digital segmentational data set of larynx based on Chinese visible human (CVH). Methods Magnetic lasso and polygon tools of Photoshop were used to segment the small organs and structures of larynx of CVH to establish the segmentational data set of larynx. After conversion of the image format, the segmentational structures were extracted automatically with Thresholding Method and presented 3-D visualized, and then were checked up by its result of 3D reconstruction with Amira 4.1 software. Results Many small structures of larynx were segmentated, such as laryngeal cartilage, laryngeal muscles, vocal cords and so on. Then the segmentational data set of larynx based on CVH was established, which can be used to 3-D reconstruction accurately. Conclusion The segmentational data set of larynx is accurate and integrated, which is helpful to establish the elaborate model of larynx and can provide the method of color image segmentation.

BACKGROUND:Selection of resin core materials may affect the overal strength of the fiber posts.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the overal flexural strength of five kinds of resin core materials combined with glass fiber posts.
METHODS:Fifty viva glass fiber posts were randomly divided into five groups respectively binding to five different resin materials for repair:group A, MEDENTAL dual curing resin cement+glass fiber post;Group B, Tina dual curing resin cement+glass fiber post;group C, Bisco BisCem+glass fiber post;group D, 3M nano composite resin curing light P60+glass fiber post;group E, PULPDENT dual curing resin cement+glass fiber post. The root canals were embedded with self-curing plastic, and fixed in the universal testing machine. The load in tooth length axis was added onto the core at a 135° angle with a loading speed of 1.0 mm/min, until the fracture. Then, the stress at fracture and the fracture mode were measured.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The flexural strength was (83.248±7.857) N in group, (89.230±4.326) N in group B, (95.188±5.147) N in group C, (76.646±6.463) N in group D, and (83.064±3.964) N in group E. Except groups A and E, there were significant differences between every two groups (P<0.05). These findings indicate that Bisco BisCem resin cement binding to the fiber post can obtain a higher flexural strength.