Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; metabolism ; Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Using bioactive compounds 7-hydroxy flavone, salicylaldehyde, cinnamic acid and 4-amino-5- mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles as starting materials, three new types of flavone derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazole structure were synthesized via different step reactions. These new compounds were characterized by 1IHNMR, ESI-MS, IR and elemental analysis. Their scavenging effects on the superoxide radical (O2·-), hydroxyl radical (·OH), DPPH · radical and their total reduction activities were tested. The results showed that all of the compounds possessed some antioxidative activity at the concentration of 0.5 mg · mL(-1), but the scavenging ability of the target compounds was lower than that of the standard compound Vc.
Cinnamates ; chemistry ; Flavones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Free Radical Scavengers ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Triazoles ; chemistry

Objective: To study the effects of soybean phospholipids on fatty acids and phospholipids content in erythrocyte membranes of mice. Methods:The mice were fed with soybean phospholipids of 2 . 5, 5 . 0 , 10.0 g/kg bw respectively while control group with distilled water for 30 days. Then the mice were killed and contents of fatty acids and phospholipids in erythrocyte membranes were detected by HPLC. Results: (1)The contents of linoleic acid (C18 ∶2) and linolenic acid ( C18 ∶3), the composition of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were increased obviously (P

Objective To investigate the clinical features and the effect of gender differences on phenotype of Giteiman syndrome (GS) patients. Methods Clinical features and biochemical parameters were compared and analyzed to look for correlation between male and female GS patients. Results More male patients suffered from nocturia than female patients (P < 0.05), and there were no statistical differences in other clinical features between males and females. The level of serum creatinine was higher in male patients than that in female ones [(82.7±43.3) μmol/L vs (58.7±12.7) μmol/L], but estimated glomerular filtration rate was male patients and female patients. The urinary potassium and chloride excretion fraction were higher in male group than those in female group (33.0%±22.9% vs 17.0%±4.7%;2.30%±1.59% vs 1.23%±0.39%, P< 0.05, respectively). Statistical differences were not observed in other laberatory parameters. Three patients with impaired renal function were all male. Conclusions More male patients suffer from nocturia than female patients. Male patients seem to be prone to impaired renal function. It is speculated that different density of sodium-chloride cotransporter in renal tubule may account for gender differences.

This study is to evaluate the effects of the metformin (Met) on β cell function of diabetic KKAy mice. Female diabetic KKAy mice selected by insulin tolerance test (ITT) were divided randomly into two groups. Con group was orally administered by gavage with water, Met group with metformin hydrochloride at a dose of 0.2 g x kg(-1) for about 12 weeks. ITT and glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were determined. Beta cell function was assessed by hyperglycemic clamp. Pancreatic biochemical indicators were tested. The changes of gene and protein expression in the pancreas and islets were also analyzed by Real-Time-PCR and immunostaining. Met significantly improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in KKAy mice. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were also decreased. In addition, Met markedly increased glucose infusion rate (GIR) and elevated the Ist phase and maximum insulin secretion during clamp. It showed that Met decreased TG content and iNOS activities and increased Ca(2+) -Mg(2+)-ATPase activity in pancreas. Islets periphery was improved, and down-regulation of glucagon and up-regulated insulin protein expressions were found after Met treatment. Pancreatic mRNA expressions of inflammation factors including TLR4, NF-κB, JNK, IL-6 and TNF-α were down-regulated, p-NF-κB p65 protein levels also down-regulated by Met. And mRNA expressions of ion homeostasis involved in insulin secretion including SERCA2 and Kir6.2 were up-regulated by Met. Met increased SIRT5 expression level in pancreas of KKAy mice under the hyperglycemic clamp. These results indicated that chronic administration of Met regulated pancreatic inflammation generation, ion and hormone homeostasis and improved β cell function of diabetic KKAy mice.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homeostasis ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Insulin ; secretion ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; drug effects ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Metformin ; pharmacology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Pancreas ; drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Based on the infrared spectra of Lophatheri Herba and Commelinae Herba, one-dimensional infrared spectra, second derivative spectra and two-dimensional correlated spectra were used to find out the differences between Lophatheri Herba and its imitations, respectively. The common peak ratio and variant peak ratio dual-indexes sequential were calculated and established according to infrared spectra of eleven batches of herbs. Infrared spectral data of Lophatheri Herba cluster analysis was applied to explore the similarity between each sample. The grouping results trend of sequential analysis of dual-indexes and cluster analysis was accordant. The results showed that the differences could be found by multi-level identification, and the source and the quality of the herbs could be effectively distinguished by the two analysis methods. Infrared spectroscopy, used in the present work exhibited some advantages on quick procedures, less sample required, and reliable results, which could provide a new method for the identification of traditional Chinese medicine with the imitations and adulterants, and the control of quality and origin.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; methods ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; methods

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; immunology ; ultrastructure ; Meningioma ; immunology ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Paraganglioma ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Mudan Granule (MD) on the glucose metabolism and beta cell function in monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced obese mice with insulin resistance (IR).

METHODSMSG obese mice were induced by subcutaneous injecting MSG (4 g/kg for 7 successive days in neonatal ICR mice). Forty MSG mice with IR features were recruited and divided into four groups according to body weight, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and the percentage of blood glucose decreased within 40 min in the IR test, i.e., the model group (Con), the low dose MD group, the high dose MD group, and the Metformin group (Met). Besides, another 10 ICR mice were recruited as the normal control group (Nor). The water solvent of 2.5 g/kg MD or 5 g/kg MD was respectively administered to mice in the low dose MD group and the high dose MD group. Metformin hydrochloride was given to mice in the Met group at 0.2 g/kg body weight. Equal dose solvent distilled water was administered to mice in the Nor group and the Con group by gastrogavage, once per day. All medication was lasted for 15 weeks. Insulin tolerance test (ITT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed after 6 weeks of treatment. Beta cell function was assessed by hyperglycemic clamp technique. The morphological changes in the pancreas were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Changes of iNOS, NF-kappaB p65, and p-NF-kappaB p65 in the pancreas were tested.

RESULTSCompared with the Nor group, the blood glucose level, AUC, and fasting blood insulin, ONOO-contents, iNOS activities, and the expression of iNOS, NF-kappaB p65 subunit, pNF-kappaB p65 subunit obviously increased; decreased percentage of blood glucose within 40 min in ITT, glucose infusion rate (GIR), Clamp 1 min insulin, and Max-Insulin obviously decreased in the Con group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the Con group, the aforesaid indices could be improved in the Met group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In the low dose MD group, AUC, iNOS activities, and the expression of iNOS and p-NF-kappaB p65 subunit obviously decreased; percentage of blood glucose within 40 min in ITT and GIR obviously increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In the high dose MD group, AUC, ONOO-contents, iNOS activities, and the expression of iNOS, NF-kappaB p65 subunit, and p-NF-KB p65 subunit obviously decreased; percentage of blood glucose within 40 min in ITT, Max-Insulin, and GIR obviously increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMD could significantly improve IR and functional disorder of 3 cells in MSG obese mice, which might be associated with lowering inflammatory reaction in the pancreas.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Metformin ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mice, Obese ; Obesity ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Pancreas ; cytology ; drug effects ; Sodium Glutamate

Objective To investigate the effects of PM2.5 on tear film function and corneal epithelial structure in mice.Methods Totally 24 male BALB/c mice (24 eyes) were divided into two groups:group A (with PBS eye drops,n =12),group B (5 mg · mL-1 PM2.5 eye drop group,n =12).PBS and PM2.5 eye drop were given with four times per day for 7 consecutive days in right eye.Tear secretion level was measured with phenol red thread.Break-up time (BUT) of tear film was tested,and corneal fluorescein staining (FL) was scored before therapy and 1 day,4 days and 7 days after droppings and HE staining was performed 7 days after droppings,respectively.Results There was no significant difference in the tear secretion levels,BUT,FL between the groups A and B before treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).At 4 days,7 days after treatment with PM2.5,the mean differences of the group B showed all items significantly changed compared with those before treatment (all P ＜ 0.05).For the group A,there was no statistical change in tear secretion levels,BUT,FL at 7 days after treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).There were statistical differences in all items between group A and B at each time point (all P ＜ 0.05).At 7 days after therapy,the mean layers of corneal epithelial cells in the group A (4 ± 1) was significantly lower than that in the group B (7 ±l) (P ＜0.05).The group B showed that the whole corneal fluorescein staining obviously increased,and corneal epithelial cell layer was thickened.Conclusion PM2.5 can influence tears film function and damage the corneal epithelial structure in mice.

[Summary] An analysis of clinical data was performed in 6 patients diagnosed as adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-induced nephropathy in recent 14 months.The results showed that all of six patients suffered from pain over multiple joints after taking ADV 10-20 mg/d for 2-3 years,along with hypophosphatemia,hypouricemia,and raised osteogenesis index.One case had increased serum creatinine,5 cases had hypokalemia,renal glycosuria,and4 cases had albuminuria.Imageological examination showed osteoporosis,osteomalacia,and pseudo fracture.After discontinuance of ADV treatment,joint pain was obviously relieved within 3-6 weeks,blood uric acid level returned to normal within 1-2.5 months,and renal glycosuria and albuminuria disappeared by 1-2 months.The results suggest that after taking ADV for more than two years,attention should be paid to the nephropathy induced by ADV and regular monitoring of renal function,blood electrolyte,and urine should be mandatory.Hypouricemia is a reliable index of diagnosis and treatment in this event.