Objective To evaluate the methods of early diagnosis and the surgical outcomes of se vere baseball elbow.Methods Six surgically treated cases of base ball elbow were included in this stud y.Two patients were treated with arthrosc opy to remove free loose bodies in elb ow joints and synovectomy.Another t wo patients had the big free loose bodie s removed with both arthroscopy and s urgical interventions through small incisions.The remaining 2underwen t d?bridement,cartilage repair and subchondral bone graft.Careful physical examinations as well as X -r ay,CT,3D -CT and MR were performed an d compared before and after operations.Results All the patients suffered from elbow pain and limitations of elbow extension.Limitations of elbow flexion and forearm supination could be seen in some severe cases.MRI was helpful for detecting early lesions.Compared with plain radiograph,it was more sensitive to conduct tomography or roentgenography at 45degrees flexion of elbow.3D -CT coul d illustrate the conditions of cartilage and free loose bodies vividly.T he patients were followed up with an average range of 8.2months postoperatively.The results were evaluated in 4aspects,which included elbow pain,range of motion,joint snap and image features.Three patients had ex-cellent results,two had good and one fair.Five patients got an average in crease of elbow extension for 10degrees.Two of them were competent f or their original job after operatio ns.One patient had gone back to the baseball fields after one-year rehabilitation.Conclusion Careful physical examination and im aging evalu-ations as MRI,tomography or roentge nography at 45degrees flexion of elb ow were essential for early diagnosis.For the patients suffering from base ball elbow,the best results could be obtained with early diagnosis and proper treatments.The surgical out comes tend to be better in the younger patients with the shorter duration o f the disease and less invasive treatm ents.[

The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare lists interstitial lung disease as an serious adverse drug event.  The Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) databases are available to detect adverse events signals.  We analyzed reports of interstitial lung disease in FAERS and JADER and calculated the reporting fraction and reporting odds ratio (ROR) of drugs potentially associated with interstitial lung disease.  We applied Weibull shape parameter to time-to-event data in JADER.  We found FAERS to contain 3,522,995 reports from January 2004 to March 2013 and JADER to contain 292,720 reports from April 2004 to November 2013.  In FAERS, the reporting fractions of interstitial lung disease for Gefitinib, Bleomycin, and Amiodarone were 7.4% (285/3,856 reports), 3.2% (86/2,663 reports), and 1.9% (357/18,366 reports), and RORs (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 29.26 (25.89-33.07), 11.99 (9.66-14.88), and 7.29 (6.55-8.11), respectively.  In JADER, the reporting fractions of interstitial lung disease for Gefitinib, Bleomycin, and Amiodarone were 45.6% (1,070/2,348 reports), 22.1% (77/348 reports), and 27.9% (468/1,678 reports), and RORs (95% CI) were 18.46 (16.99-20.06), 5.83 (4.52-7.51), and 8.14 (7.31-9.07), respectively.  Adverse event signals of interstitial lung disease were observed in most drugs, which are warned as a suspected drug in the literature.  With the time-to-event analysis using Weibull shape parameter, time-dependency of adverse events in each drug was different.  Therefore, these drugs should be used carefully in clinical practice.

Introduction: Dermatological disorders are one of the adverse events caused by cancer chemotherapy and are a dose-limiting factor for some anti-neoplastic agents.  The severe symptoms associated with these disorders affect the patients’ quality of life (QOL).  Early countermeasures for the onset of dermatological disorders associated with anti-neoplastic agent administration might be important.
Materials and Methods: We analyzed the occurrences of dermatological disorders after administration of an anti-neoplastic agent in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), and compared the adverse event (AE) reporting ratio of the total reports.  In addition, we studied the association between anti-neoplastic agents and dermatological disorders using cluster analysis.  Reports for 15 anti-neoplastic agents (4 anti-neoplastic agents and 11 molecular target drugs) were analyzed.
Results: After excluding duplicate data in FAERS, 6,157,897 reports were analyzed.  The number of reports that showed a dermatological disorder was 534,934.  The reporting ratio of hand-foot syndrome with sorafenib and capecitabine was 11.20% and 7.05%, respectively.
Conclusions: We set the cluster number at six; cluster features obtained were as follows: (1) the reporting ratio of hand-foot syndrome was especially high, followed by the reporting ratio of rash, (2) the reporting ratio of rash and erythema was high.  Similar anti-neoplastic agents may demonstrate similar occurrence tendencies of AEs and cluster features.  Further studies are required to draw conclusions over these findings.  Information services based on the feature of each cluster might be useful to improve patient QOL at the clinical site.