Objective To evaluate the clinical value of three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual hepatectomy for laparoscopic precise liver resection of right liver tumor.Methods 31 cases of right liver tumor from June 2012 to October 2015 at Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,were analyzed retrospectively.Patients were divided into three dimensional reconstruction group (n =15) and control group (n =16),Operation time,bleeding volume during operation,postoperative complications and days of hospitalization after operation in two groups were observed.Results All operation was successfully performed with pure laparoscopic right liver tumor resection in three dimensional reconstruction group.In control group,1 case was completed by hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection,1 case was converted to open operation,the remaining 14 cases underwent total laparoscopic right liver tumor resection.Operation time in 3-dimensional reconstruction group was (141 ± 36)min vs.(207 ± 66)min in control group,bleeding volume was (274 ±88)ml vs.(418 ± 189)ml,hospitalization after operation was (9 ± 3)days vs.(13 ±6)days (all P ＜0.05).Conclusions Preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual hepatectomy can ensure the localization of parenchyma tumor during the laparoscopic precise liver resection,clarifing the relationship between tumor operation section and peritumoral vascular or biliary ducts,fulfilling the idea of precise liver resection.

Objective To establish the pathogenic gene loci on 8q23.3-24.1 and 10p15 in this benigh adult familial myoclonic epilepsy (BAFME) pedigree.Methods After obtaining informed consent, peripheral blood samples were obtained from 7 BAFME patients and 13 control individuals;amplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and short tandem repeat (STR) method were employed to conduct linkage analysis;five STRs on chromosomal segments 8q23.3-q24.1 and three STRs on chromosomal segments 10p1 5 were chosen at genetic distances appropriate.Results Negative signal was all obtained for 8q23.3-q24.1 and 10p15 (LOD scores less than-2 for these STRs, respectively;θ=0.0), excluding involvement of these regions in the BAFME pedigree analyzed.Conclusion STR linkage analysis of 8q23.3-q24.1 and 10p 15 does not support linkage to these regions, indicating that the pathogenic gene in the pedigree we studied is not in these chromosome segments.

Precision medicine is an approach to rational treatment selection in the overall management of lung cancer nowadays. The introduction of the patient-derived organoid (PDO) model has established the "black-box" decision-making system from the perspective of in-vitro functional models. This may assist as a complement to the treatment selection strategy based on gene-drug correlation. Further validation must be done in multi-dimensional characteristics recapitulation of the primary tumor in organoids and in large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials. This article will give an introduction to the organoid model and review the application scenarios of organoids in the context of the precise treatment of existing lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death all around the world. Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapies have significantly improved the outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in recent years. However, the objective response rate in non-screened patients is only about 20%. It is very important to screen out the potential patients suitable for immunotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue biopsies with PD-L1 antibodies can predict the therapeutic response to immunotherapy to some extent, but it still has some limitations. Recently some clinical studies have shown that PD-L1 expression in circulating tumor cells (CTC-PD-L1) is a potential independent biomarker and may provide important information for immunotherapy in NSCLC. This article will review technology for CTC-PD-L1 detection and the predictive value of CTC-PD-L1 for immunotherapy in NSCLC and review the latest clinical research progress.

With the broad application of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and high rates of early lung cancer screening, the number of patients diagnosed with synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (sMPLC) has been increasing. It becomes of great prominence to distinct sMPLC from intrapulmonary metastases in clinical practice. An increasing number of studies have developed high-throughput sequencing based genetic approaches to specify the molecular characteristics of sMPLC, which contributes to a better understanding of its tumorigenesis. The genetic profile of sMPLC also benefits its diagnosis, which mainly relies on its clinicopathological criteria. Here, we summarize the progresses on the diagnostic criteria for sMPLC, and also molecular features of sMPLC from the perspective of clonality analysis.